Airbus A321
Airbus A321 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desde arriba y de izquierda a derecha: Airbus A321-231 de American Airlines, Airbus A321-231 de Turkish Airlines, Airbus A321-211 de Air China, Airbus A321-211 de Aeroflot, Airbus A321-231 de Vietnam Airlines, Airbus A321-231 de LATAM Airlines y Airbus A321-231 de Lufthansa. | ||||||||||
Tipo | Avión comercial | |||||||||
Fabricante | Airbus | |||||||||
Primer vuelo | 11 de marzo de 1993 | |||||||||
Introducido | enero de 1994 con Lufthansa | |||||||||
Estado | En servicio | |||||||||
Otros usuarios destacados |
American Airlines China Southern China Eastern Turkish Airlines[1] | |||||||||
Producción | 1992-presente | |||||||||
N.º construidos | 2.129 al 31 de agosto de 2020)[1][2] | |||||||||
Coste unitario | 114,9 millones de USD (en 2015)[3] | |||||||||
Desarrollo del | Familia Airbus A320 | |||||||||
Desarrollado en | Airbus A321XLR | |||||||||
El Airbus A321 es un avión civil de pasajeros de fuselaje estrecho fabricado por Airbus desde 1993. Es una versión alargada del A320, con cambios mínimos. La superficie alar se ha aumentado ligeramente y el tren de aterrizaje se ha reforzado. Utiliza para su propulsión dos motores CFM56 o V2500.
Algunas compañías han elegido este avión en vez del Boeing 757, ya que tiene la misma capacidad y comparte «comunalidad» con los otros aviones de la familia: el A318, el A319 y el A320. Esto incluye los mandos fly-by-wire, lo que permite que los pilotos de un tipo de avión puedan pilotar los otros con solo un par de horas de entrenamiento.
El alcance con 186 pasajeros en la configuración típica de 2 clases es de 4300 km para la versión -100, mientras que en la versión -200, debido a su mayor capacidad de combustible, esta cifra aumenta hasta los 5500 km.
Especificaciones
Especificaciones (A321-200)
Referencia datos: Airbus A320 family technical appendices.[4]
Características generales
- Tripulación: 2 pilotos y 4-6 Auxiliares de vuelo
- Capacidad:
- 1 clase: 199 (configuración típica), 230 (máximo)
- 2 clases: 185 (configuración típica)
- Carga: 51,73 m³, 10 contenedores LD3-46
- Longitud: 44,5 m (146 ft)
- Envergadura: 34,1 m (111,9 ft)
- Altura: 11,8 m (38,6 ft)
- Superficie alar: 122,6 m² (1319,7 ft²)
- Peso vacío: 48 500 kg (106 894 lb)
- Peso máximo al despegue: 93 500 kg
- Peso máximo sin combustible: 73 800 kg
- Planta motriz: 2× Turbofan Serie IAE V2500 o Serie CFM International CFM56-5.
- Anchura de cabina: 3,7 m
- Anchura de fuselaje: 3,95 m
- Ángulo de las alas: 25 grados
- Capacidad de combustible: 24 050 litros (estándar), 30 030 litros (máxima)
Rendimiento
- Velocidad máxima operativa (Vno): 820 km/h (Mach 0,82) a 11 000 m
- Velocidad crucero (Vc): 800 km/h (Mach 0,78) (432knots) a 11 000 m
- Alcance: 5600 km (3024 nmi; 3480 mi)
- Radio de acción: km
- Alcance en combate: km
- Techo de vuelo: 12 000 m (39 370 ft)
- Carrera de despegue: 2180 m (a nivel del mar)
Motores
Modelo de avión | Año | Motores |
---|---|---|
A321-111 | 1995 | CFM56-5B1 o 5B1/P o 5B1/2P |
A321-112 | 1995 | CFM56-5B2 o 5B2/P |
A321-131 | 1995 | IAE Modelo V2530-A5 |
A321-211 | 1997 | CFM56-5B3 o 5B3/P o 5B3/2P |
A321-212 | 2005 | CFM56-5B1 o 5B1/P o 5B1/2P |
A321-213 | 2005 | CFM56-5B2 o 5B2/P |
A321-231 | 1997 | IAE Modelo V2533-A5 |
A321-232 | 2005 | IAE Modelo V2530-A5 |
Componentes
Electrónica
Sistema | País | Fabricante | Notas |
---|---|---|---|
Lenguaje de programación | Airbus Francia | SAO | |
Computadoras de elevador y alerón (ELAC) | Thomson-CSF | 2 | |
Lenguaje de programación del módulo ELAC de control | Pascal | ||
Lenguaje de programación del módulo ELAC de supervisión | C | ||
CPUs de las ELAC | Motorola | 68010 | |
Computadoras de disruptor y elevador (SEC) | SFENA | 3 | |
Lenguaje de programación del módulo SEC de control | Ensamblador | ||
Lenguaje de programación del módulo SEC de supervisión | Pascal | ||
CPUs de las SEC | Intel | 80186 | |
Radar meteorológico (opción 2002) | Honeywell | RDR-4B | |
Radar meteorológico (opción 2005) | Collins Aerospace | Multiscan WXR-2100 | |
Radar meteorológico (opción 2010) | Honeywell | RDR-4000 | |
Radar meteorológico (opción 2015) | Collins Aerospace | Multiscan WXR-2100 V2 | |
Radar meteorológico (opción 2015) | Honeywell | RDR-4000 V2 | |
TAWS (opción) | Honeywell | EGPWS | |
TAWS (opción 2004) | ACSS | T2CAS | |
TAWS (opción 2010) | ACSS | T3CAS | |
RAAS (opción 2004) | Honeywell | EGPWS | |
SmartLanding (opción) | Honeywell | EGPWS MK V | |
SmartRunway (opción) | Honeywell | EGPWS MK V | |
ROPS+ (opción 2013) | Airbus | T3CAS | |
Landing Surveillance+ (opción 2019) | Airbus | ||
ATSAW (opción) | ACSS | T3CAS | |
ATSAW (opción) | Honeywell | CAS-100 | |
ACAS II (opción 1997) | ACSS | TCAS 2000 | |
ACAS II (opción 2004) | ACSS | T2CAS | |
ACAS II (opción 2007) | ACSS | TCAS 3000 | |
ACAS II (opción 2010) | ACSS | T3CAS | |
ACAS II (opción) | Honeywell | CAS-81 (obsoleto en 2017) | |
ACAS II (opción) | Honeywell | CAS-100 | |
ACAS II (opción) | Rockwell Collins | TCAS-94 | |
ACAS II (opción) | Rockwell Collins | TTR-2100 | |
Transpondedor (opción 1996) | ACSS | XS-950 (obsoleto en 2017) | |
Transpondedor (opción 2010) | ACSS | T3CAS | |
Transpondedor (opción 2016) | ACSS | NXT-800 | |
Transpondedor (opción 2007) | Rockwell Collins | TPR-901 | |
Transpondedor (opción 2017) | Honeywell | TRA-100B | |
Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción original) | BGT Inisel Sperry SFENA |
Thales FMS1 | |
CPUs de las Thales FMS1 | Intel | 80286 | |
Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción original) | Honeywell | Honeywell FMS1 | |
Lenguajes de programación de las Honeywell FMS1 | Pascal, Ada, C++, Ensamblador | ||
Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción 2001) | Honeywell | Pegasus | |
Lenguajes de programación de las Pegasus | Ada | ||
CPUs de las Pegasus | AMD | 29050 | |
Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción 2002) | Smiths Aerospace Thales |
Thales FMS2 | |
Lenguaje de programación de las Thales FMS2 | Ada | ||
CPUs de las Thales FMS2 | Motorola | 68040 | |
Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción 2013) | Honeywell | Pegasus II | |
CPUs de las Pegasus II | Honeywell | 29KII |
Propulsión
Sistema | País | Fabricante | Notas |
---|---|---|---|
Lenguajes de programación (cálculos) | Fortran, HP Basic |
Operadores
Operadores del A321 por número de aeronaves operativas (a septiembre de 2019):[1]
Operadores Civiles
- American Airlines 218[5]
- Delta Air Lines 127[6]
- China Southern Airlines 97[7]
- China Eastern Airlines 77[8]
- Turkish Airlines 65[9]
- JetBlue Airways 63[10]
- Air China 61[11]
- Lufthansa 57[12]
- Sichuan Airlines 43[13]
- Vietnam Airlines 42[14]
- VietJet Air 36[15]
- Aeroflot 32[16]
- Wizz Air 31[17]
- LATAM Brasil 31[18]
- Spirit Airlines 30[19]
- Juneyao Airlines 27[20]
- Vueling Airlines 22[21]
- Frontier Airlines 21[22]
- EVA Air 20[23]
- LATAM Chile 18[24]
- Beijing Capital Airlines 18[25]
- Philippine Airlines 18[26]
- SmartLynx Airlines 17[27]
- Air Canada Rouge 17[28]
- Air France 15[29]
- Air Canada 15[30]
- Finnair 15[31]
- Saudia 15[32]
- Asiana Airlines 14[33]
- Iberia Express 14[34]
- Ural Airlines 14[35]
- HK Express 13[36]
- Air India 13[37]
- British Airways 11[38]
- Condor Flugdienst 11[39]
- Iberia 11[40]
- Volaris 10[41]
- SmartLynx Malta 9[42]
- Air Busan 9[43]
- Etihad Airways 9[44]
- Viva Aerobus 9[45]
- Sunclass Airlines 8[46]
- Air Transat 8[47]
- Air Macau 8[48]
- S7 Airlines 8[49]
- AnadoluJet 7[50]
- Cebu Pacific Air 7[51]
- Jet2.com 6[52]
- Swiss International Air Lines 6[53]
- Eurowings 6[54]
- Air Seoul 6[55]
- Red Wings Airlines 6[56]
- Titan Airways 6[57]
- Jetstar Airways 6[58]
- Austrian Airlines 6[59]
- BNN Airlines 5[60]
- Aegean Airlines 5[61]
- Nordwind Airlines 5[62]
- ThaiVietjetAir 5[63]
- Onur Air 5[64]
- Alitalia 5[65]
- Airblue 5[66]
- Wizz Air UK 4[67]
- Bamboo Airways 4[68]
- GlobalX Airlines 4[69]
- Gulf Air 4[70]
- PAL Express 4[71]
- All Nippon Airways 4[72]
- Windrose Airlines 4[73]
- IndiGo Airlines 3[74]
- Lufthansa CityLine 3[75]
- Wizz Air Abu Dhabi 3[76]
- Titan Airways Malta 3[77]
- Sky Cana 3[78]
- Air Arabia 3[79]
- Avion Express Malta 3[80]
- Express Freighters Australia 3[81]
- Vietravel Airlines 3[82]
- West Air China 3[83]
- TAP Air Portugal 3[84]
- Yamal Airlines 3[85]
- MNG Airlines 2[86]
- AirAsia: 2[87]
- Heston Airlines 2[88]
- Marabu Airlines 2[89]
- AlMasria Universal Airlines 2[90]
- Cathay Pacific 2[91]
- Lufthansa Cargo 2[92]
- Aruba Airlines 2[93]
- Air Senegal 2[94]
- Uni Air 2[95]
- Air Astana 2[96]
- Olympus Airways 2[97]
- Longjiang Airlines: 2[98]
- SriLankan Airlines: 2[99]
- Jetstar Pacific Airlines 2[100]
- Nile Air 2[101]
- Royal Jordanian 2[102]
- Iraqi Airways 2[103]
- Lanmei Airlines 2[104]
- Kish Air 2[105]
- Tianjin Airlines 2[106]
- Air Travel 2[107]
- Avianca Costa Rica: 2[108]
- Hong Kong Airlines: 1[109]
- Airwork 1[110]
- Avianca (El Salvador) 1[111]
- Meraj Airlines: 1[112]
- Electra Airways 1[113]
- Sky Angkor Airlines 1[114]
- Raya Airways: 1[115]
- Air Moldova 1[116]
- Fly2Sky 1[117]
- SalamAir 1[118]
- Southwind Airlines 1[119]
- Aerro Direkt 1[120]
- East-West Express 1[121]
- Privilege Style 1[122]
- Srilankan Airlines 1[123]
- Danish Air Transport 1[124]
- Cambodia Angkor Air 1[125]
- Zagros Airlines 1[126]
- Iran Air 1[127]
Operadores Militares
Antiguos Operadores
América
- Avianca Perú (1)[131]
Europa
- Laudamotion (4)[134]
- TUI fly Belgium (1)[135]
- Holiday Europe (2)[136]
- BH Air (1)[137]
- Aigle Azur (5)[138]
- Aer Lingus (6)[139]
- Avion Express (8)[140]
- Galistair Malta (1)[141]
- Hi Fly Malta (1)[142]
- Comlux Malta (1)[143]
- White Airways (1)[144]
- Thomas Cook Airlines (36)[145]
- British Midland (9)[146]
- easyJet (9)[147]
- Virgin Atlantic Airways (1)[148]
- Czech Airlines (3)[149]
- Just Us Air (1)[150]
- Scandinavian Airlines System (8)[151]
- Novair (3)[152]
- AtlasGlobal (16)[154]
- Freebird Airlines (2)[155]
- Corendon Airlines (1)[156]
Asia
- Qatar Airways (12)[161]
- Cathay Dragon (8)[163]
África
- Royal Air Maroc (4)[176]
- Jubba Airways (2)[178]
Accidentes
- Vuelo 202 de Airblue: el 28 de julio de 2010, un avión Airbus 321 de Airblue de Pakistán que cubría la ruta Karachi - Islamabad se estrelló en las montañas de Margalla, al norte de Islamabad, capital de Pakistán, con 152 personas a bordo, siendo 6 de ellas miembros de la tripulación, sin que hubiese supervivientes.[180][181]
- Vuelo 9268 de Metrojet: El 31 de octubre de 2015. Un vuelo proveniente de la localidad egipcia de Sharm el-Sheij y con destino a la ciudad rusa de San Petersburgo se estrelló en la península del Sinaí, muriendo todos sus 217 pasajeros y 7 miembros de la tripulación.[182] Todos, incluyendo la tripulación eran de nacionalidad rusa, salvo cuatro ucranianos y uno bielorruso. Contrario a lo que se dijo inicialmente, la tripulación no envió ninguna señal de emergencia a tierra. El Estado Islámico se auto atribuyó la catástrofe a través de un mensaje, como represalia al gobierno ruso, y aunque esta información en un principio no fue tomada como verdadera, las investigaciones, tanto de las cajas negras, como del análisis de restos apuntan a que un artefacto de aproximadamente 1 kg de explosivos colocado en la cabina, causó el derribo del avión. Así mismo, el Estado Islámico, a través de una publicación, publicó fotos del supuesto artefacto explosivo casero, así como de los restos de avión y pasaportes de algunos ocupantes del mismo.
Véase también
Desarrollos relacionados
Aeronaves similares
Secuencias de designación
- Aviones civiles de Airbus: A300 · A300-600ST Beluga · A310 · A318 · A319 · A320 · A321 · A330 · A330-700L · A340 · A350 · A380
Referencias
- ↑ a b c Production summary : Airbus A321 en Airfleets 29-9-2016
- ↑ A321 en Airbus- Passenger aircraft
- ↑ «New Airbus aircraft list prices for 2016» (en inglés). Airbus. enero de 2015. Archivado desde el original el 16 de junio de 2017. Consultado el 3 de octubre de 2016.
- ↑ «All about the A320 family – Technical Appendices» (pdf) (en inglés). Airbus. Mayo de 2009. Archivado desde el original el 22 de septiembre de 2010. Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2015.
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/American-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Delta-Air-Lines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/China-Southern-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/China-Eastern-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Turkish-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/JetBlue-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-China
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lufthansa
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Sichuan-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Vietnam-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/VietJetAir
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aeroflot-Russian-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Wizz-Air-Hungary
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/LATAM-Airlines-Brasil
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Spirit-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Juneyao-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airlines/vy-vlg/fleet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Frontier-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/EVA-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/LATAM-Airlines-Chile
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Beijing-Capital-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Philippine-Airlines?refresh=1
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/SmartLynx
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Canada-Rouge
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-France
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Canada
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Finnair
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Saudi-Arabian-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Asiana-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.airfleets.es/flottecie/Iberia%20Express.htm
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Ural-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Hong-Kong-Express
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Air-India
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/British-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Condor
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Iberia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Volaris
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SmartLynx-Malta
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Busan
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Etihad-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Viva-Aerobus
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Sunclass-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Transat
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Macau
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/S7-Siberia-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Anadolu-Jet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/CEBU-Pacific-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Jet2
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Swiss
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Eurowings
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Seoul
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Red-Wings
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Titan-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Jetstar-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Austrian-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/BBN-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aegean-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Nordwind-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/ThaiVietjetAir
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Onur-Air
- ↑ a b https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Alitalia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/AirBlue
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Wizz-Air-UK
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Bamboo-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/GlobalX-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Gulf-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/PAL-Express
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/All-Nippon-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Wind-Rose-Aviation
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/IndiGo
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lufthansa-CityLine
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Wizz-Air-Abu-Dhabi
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Titan-Airways-Malta
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Sky-Cana
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Arabia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avion-Express-Malta
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Express-Freighters
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Vietravel-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/China-West-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/TAP-Air-Portugal
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Yamal-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/MNG-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/AirAsia
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Heston-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Marabu-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/AlMasria-Universal-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Cathay-Pacific
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lufthansa-Cargo
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aruba-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Senegal-2017
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/UNI-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Astana
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Olympus-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Longjiang-airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/SriLankan-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Jetstar-Pacific-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Nile-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Royal-Jordanian
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Iraqi-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lanmei-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Kish-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Tianjin-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Travel-China
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-Costa-Rica
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Hong-Kong-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Airwork-(New-Zealand)
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-El-Salvador
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Meraj-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Electra-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Sky-Angkor-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Raya-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Moldova
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Fly2Sky
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SalamAir
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Southwind-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aerro-Direkt
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/East-West-Express
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Privilege-Style
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SriLankan-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Danish-Air-Transport
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Cambodia-Angkor-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Zagros-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Iran-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/German-Air-Force
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Ryan-International-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-Peru
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Interjet-Mexico
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/TUIfly
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/LaudaMotion
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/TUI-Airlines-Belgium
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Holiday-Europe
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Balkan-Holidays-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aigle-Azur
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aer-Lingus
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avion-Express
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Galistair-Malta
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Hi-Fly-Malta
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Comlux-Malta
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/White
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Thomas-Cook-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/British-Midland
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/easyJet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Virgin-Atlantic
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Czech-Airlines-CSA
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Just-Us-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SAS
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Novair
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Belair
- ↑ https://www.airfleets.es/flottecie/AtlasGlobal.htm
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Freebird-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Corendon-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Anda-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/YanAir
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Ariana-Afghan-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Myanmar-Airways-International
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Qatar-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Shanghai-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Cathay-Dragon
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SpiceJet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Mahan-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Qeshm-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/MEA-Middle-East-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Wings-Of-Lebanon
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Maldivian
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/PIA-Pakistan-International-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/UTair-Aviation
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Cham-Wings-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/EgyptAir
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Cairo
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Eritrean-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Royal-Air-Maroc
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Compagnie-Africaine-dAviation
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Jubba-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Nouvelair-Tunisie
- ↑ {{cita web|url=http://www.abc.es/20100729/internacional/accidente-aereo-pakistan-muertos-20100729.html%7Ctítulo=Accidente aéreo en Pakistán: 152 muertos|fechaacceso=29 de julio de 2010|fecha=29 de julio de 2010|editorial=ABC}}
- ↑ «Pakistán: mueren los 152 pasajeros en accidente aéreo». BBC. 28 de julio de 2010. Consultado el 29 de julio de 2010.
- ↑ Ranter, Harro (31 de octubre de 2015). «Criminal Occurrence description EI-ETJ». Aviation Safety Network (en inglés). Consultado el 30 de octubre de 2018.
Enlaces externos
- Wikimedia Commons alberga una galería multimedia sobre Airbus A321.