View source for opprobrium

==English==
{{was wotd|2022|June|12}}

===Etymology===
{{PIE word|en|h₁epi}}{{root|en|ine-pro|*pro-|*bʰer-}}
{{lbor|en|la|opprobrium}}, {{m|la|obprobrium|t=a reproach, a taunt; disgrace, shame; dishonour; scandal|pos=noun}}, from {{m|la|opprobrō}}, {{m|la|obprobrō|t=to reproach, upbraid; to taunt}} + {{m|la|-ium|pos={{glossary|suffix}} forming {{glossary|abstract noun}}s}}.<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=132023|date=March 2022|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|pos=n}}</ref> {{m|la||Opprobrō}}, {{m|la||obprobrō}} are derived from {{m|la|ob-|pos={{glossary|prefix}} meaning ‘against’}} + {{m|la|probrum|t=disgrace, shame; abuse, insult|pos=noun}} (ultimately from {{der|en|ine-pro|*pro-|t=forward; toward}} + {{m|ine-pro|*bʰer-|t=to bear, carry}}, in the sense of something brought up to reproach a person).

The {{glossary|plural}} form {{m|en|opprobria}} is borrowed from {{bor|en|la|opprobria}}.

{{rel-top|cognates}}
* {{cog|fr|opprobre}}
* {{cog|it|obbrobrio}}
* {{cog|pt|ouprobio}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}, {{m|pt|opróbrio}}
* {{cog|es|oprobrio}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}, {{m|es|oprobio}}
{{rel-bottom}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{glossary|Singular}}:
** {{IPA|en|/əˈpɹəʊ.bɹɪ.əm/|a=RP}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-opprobrium.wav|a=Southern England}}
** {{IPA|en|/əˈpɹoʊ.bɹi.əm/|a=GA}}
** {{hyphenation|en|op|pro|bri|um}}
* {{glossary|Plural}} ({{m|en|opprobria}}):
** {{IPA|en|/əˈpɹəʊ.bɹɪ.ə/|a=RP}}
** {{IPA|en|/əˈpɹoʊ.bɹi.ə/|a=GA}}
** {{hyphenation|en|op|pro|bria}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|~|s|opprobria}}

# {{lb|en|countable|archaic}} A [[cause#Noun|cause]], [[object#Noun|object]], or [[situation]] of [[disgrace#Noun|disgrace]] or [[shame#Noun|shame]]. {{defdate|from mid 17th c.}}
#: {{synonyms|en|q1=obsolete|opprobry}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Poor Laws—Emigration|magazine=w:The London Magazine|series=Third Series|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &#91;[[w:William Clowes Ltd.|William Clowes]]&#93; for the proprietors, and published by their agent, Henry Hooper,{{nb...|at the Office of The London Magazine, 13, Pall-Mall East.}}|month=May|year=1828|issue=II|page=227|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=kIc4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA227|oclc=7208306|passage=As there are certain malignant diseases which have been denominated the '''''opprobria''''' of medicine, so there are particular maladies of our social condition, which may be considered the '''''opprobria''''' of legislation. Amongst the most inveterate of these are the poor laws.}}
#* {{RQ:Eliot Middlemarch|volume=III|book=VI|chapter=LXI|page=313|passage=It was not that he was in danger of legal punishment or of beggary: he was in danger only of seeing disclosed to the judgment of his neighbours and the mournful perception of his wife certain facts of his past life which would render him an object of scorn and an '''opprobrium''' of the religion with which he had diligently associated himself.}}
#* {{RQ:Doyle Valley of Fear|chapter=Lodge 341, Vermissa|page=230|passage=Twelve years have now elapsed since the first assassinations which proved the existence of a criminal organization in our midst. From that day these outrages have never ceased, until now they have reached a pitch which makes us the '''opprobrium''' of the civilized world.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}}
## Disgrace or [[bad#Adjective|bad]] [[reputation]] [[arise#Verb|arising]] from [[exceedingly]] [[shameful]] [[behaviour]]; [[ignominy]]. {{defdate|from late 17th c.}}
##: {{synonyms|en|obloquy|q2=obsolete|opprobry}}
##* {{RQ:Federalist|number=X|chapter=The Same Subject Continued [The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard against Domestic Faction and Insurrection]|page=57|passage=Let me add that it is the great deſideratum, by which alone this form of government can be reſcued from the '''opprobrium''' under which it has ſo long labored, and be recommended to the eſteem and adoption of mankind.}}
##* {{RQ:Mary Shelley Frankenstein|volume=III|chapter=VII|page=186|passage=I am content to suffer alone, while my sufferings shall endure: when I die, I am well satisfied that abhorrence and '''opprobrium''' should load my memory.}}
##* {{quote-web|en|quotee=w:Robert Peston|title=BA’s Price-fix Fine Reaches £270m|work=w:BBC News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416190554/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6925397.stm|archivedate=16 April 2021|date=1 August 2007|passage=Virgin [Atlantic] won't pay a penny in fines and actually emerges as a winner, since all the '''opprobrium''' of the rule-breach has been heaped on BA [British Airways].}}
## [[scornful|Scornful]] [[contempt]] or [[reproach]]; {{lb|en|countable}} an [[instance#Noun|instance]] of this.
##: {{synonyms|en|blame|castigation|censure|derision|invective|q6=obsolete|opprobry|Thesaurus:contempt}}
##* {{RQ:Landon Duty|page=33|volume=II|passage={{...}}from that strict rectitude in which I have been accustomed to walk and to view my actions, and which, notwithstanding the unjust '''opprobrium''' cast upon me, I find to be an invincible support and shield.}}
##* {{RQ:Birmingham Spanish Gold|chapter=VII|page=76|passage=Some Johnny with brains produces a hypothesis. Everybody calls him a rotter at first. But he remains calm in the face of '''opprobrium'''.}}
## {{lb|en|archaic}} [[behaviour|Behaviour]] which is [[disgraceful]] or shameful.

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|opprobriate}} {{qualifier|archaic}}
* {{l|en|opprobrious}}
* {{l|en|opprobriously}}
* {{l|en|opprobriousness}}
* {{l|en|opprobry}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|cause, object, or situation of disgrace or shame}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|disgrace or bad reputation arising from exceedingly shameful behaviour|ignominy}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|безчестие|n}}, {{t+|bg|позор|m}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|oprobi|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|potupa|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|misprijzen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|opprobre|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სირცხვილი}}
* German: {{t|de|Opprobration|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|szégyen}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|obbrobrio|m}}
* Latin: {{t|la|obprōbrium|n}}, {{t|la|opprobrium|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|opróbrio|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|oprobriu|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|бесче́стье|n}}, {{t+|ru|позо́р|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|срамо̀та|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|sramòta|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|oprobio|m}}, {{t|es|oprobrio|m}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|utanç}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|ганьба́|f}}, {{t+|uk|безче́стя|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|scornful contempt or reproach; an instance of this}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|masla|m|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|behaviour which is disgraceful or shameful}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|shame}}
* {{pedia|2=opprobrium (disambiguation)}}

==Latin==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|la|obprobrium}}

===Etymology===
From {{af|la|opprobrō|-ium}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|opprobrium}}

===Noun===
{{la-noun|opprobrium<2>}}

# [[reproach]], [[taunt]]
# [[scandal]], [[disgrace]], [[dishonour]], [[shame]]

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|opprobrium<2>}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|la|opprobriōsus}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ca|oprobi}}
* {{desc|en|opprobrium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|opprobre}}
* {{desc|it|obbrobrio}}
* {{desc|pt|opróbrio}}
* {{desc|es|oprobio|oprobrio}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Gaffiot}}