酪

酪 U+916A, 酪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-916A ← 酩 [U+9169] CJK Unified Ideographs 酫 → [U+916B]

酪 U+F919, 酪 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F919 ← 落 [U+F918] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 駱 → [U+F91A]

Translingual

Han character

酪 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹水口 (MWHER), four-corner 1766₄, composition ⿰酉各)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39847
• Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3581, character 12
• Unihan data for U+916A

• Unihan data for U+F919

Chinese

trad.		酪
simp. #		酪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) + semantic 酉 (“alcohol; fermented drink”)

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from a Central Asian language; compare Mongolian айраг (ajrag, “fermented milk of mares”), Uzbek pishloq (“cheese”) and Turkish ayran (“yoghurt mixed with water”). The phonetic similarity between Chinese 酪 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ, “milk”), Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”) and Latin lac (“milk”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵlákts (“milk”) is worth noting (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lào, luò

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˋ, ㄌㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lok³ / lou⁶ / lok⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lok
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): log⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸loq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lào
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lào
    • Wade–Giles: lao⁴
    • Yale: làu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: law
    • Palladius: лао (lao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luò
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luò
    • Wade–Giles: lo⁴
    • Yale: lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
    • Palladius: ло (lo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lok³ / lou⁶ / lok⁶
    • Yale: lok / louh / lohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸ / lou⁶ / lok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: log³ / lou⁶ / log⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³/, /lou̯²²/, /lɔːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lok
    • Hakka Romanization System: log^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: log⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /lok̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: log⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lok̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸loq
    • MiniDict: loh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: lak

Rime
Character	酪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧各切
Baxter	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酪
Reading #	1/1
No.	3869
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	落
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/

Definitions

酪

1. junket

   奶酪  ―  nǎilào  ―  cheese

2. paste

   杏仁酪  ―  xìngrénlào  ―  almond jelly

3. (literary, obsolete) vinegar
4. (literary, obsolete) wine; liquor

Compounds

• 乳酪 (rǔlào)
• 乾酪／干酪 (gānlào)
• 優酪乳／优酪乳 (yōulàorǔ)
• 奶酪 (nǎilào)
• 牛酪 (niúlào)
• 酥酪
• 酪乳 (làorǔ)
• 酪奴
• 酪梨 (làolí)
• 酪漿／酪浆 (làojiāng)
• 酪素
• 酪蛋白 (làodànbái)
• 酪農／酪农 (làonóng)
• 酪農業／酪农业
• 酪酥
• 酪酸 (làosuān)
• 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
• 酸酪乳

 

Japanese

Kanji

酪

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kun: ちちざけ (chichizake)

Compounds

Compounds

• 乾酪(かんらく) (kanraku): cheese
• 牛酪(ぎゅうらく) (gyūraku): butter
• 酪農(らくのう) (rakunō): dairy farm
• 酪酸(らくさん) (rakusan): butyric acid

Korean

Hanja

酪 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

酪: Hán Nôm readings: lạc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation