царь

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Old Church Slavonic

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Etymology

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Shortened from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar

Noun

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цар҄ь (carʹĭm

  1. emperor
    • from Vita Constantini, 1800310-1800400:
      отъ селѣ нѣсмь азь ни цр҃ю слоуга ни иномоу никомоу же на земли, нъ тъкъмо б҃оу вьседрьжителю. не бѣхꙿ и бꙑхь и ѥсмь въ вѣкꙑ аминь.
      Henceforth I am neither a servant of the Emperor nor of anyone else on earth, but only of God Almighty. I was not, and I came to be, and am forever. Amen.
  2. tsar

Declension

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Russian

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Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru
Царь Алексей Михайлович

Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [t͡sarʲ]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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царь (carʹm anim (genitive царя́, nominative plural цари́, genitive plural царе́й, feminine цари́ца, relational adjective ца́рский, diminutive царёк)

  1. tsar, Russian emperor
  2. king (figuratively, or referring to ancient or non-European monarchs)
    царь звере́йcarʹ zveréjking of beasts
    царь и богcarʹ i boxGod Almighty
    царь небе́сныйcarʹ nebésnyjHeavenly Father
    царь царе́йcarʹ caréjKing of kings
    при царе́ Горо́хеpri caré Goróxein the year dot; a very long time ago; since the beginning
    Он без царя́ в голове́!On bez carjá v golové!He’s stupid!

Usage notes

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  • From 1721 to 1917, Russia was officially an Empire, and its monarchs referred to as импера́тор (imperátor) (officially), госуда́рь (gosudárʹ), or самоде́ржец (samodéržec). For much of that time period, referring to the monarch (in his role as the ruler of Russia) as царь (carʹ) would have been seen as a colloquialism. The Russian monarch's official list of titles over non-Russian territories did include e.g. царь По́льский (carʹ Pólʹskij), which in English was rendered as “King of Poland”.

Declension

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Phrases
Proverbs
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Descendants

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References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “царь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “царь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 361