σίδαρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Multiple theories, see Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sí.daː.ros/ → /ˈsi.ða.ros/ → /ˈsi.ða.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sí.daː.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.da.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ða.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ða.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ða.ros/

Noun

σῐ́δᾱρος • (sídāros) m (genitive σῐδᾱ́ρου); second declension

1. Doric form of σίδηρος (sídēros, “iron”), with similar literal and figurative meanings
   • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes, section 730:

     κτεάνων χρηματοδαίτας πικρός, ὠμόφρων σίδαρος

     kteánōn khrēmatodaítas pikrós, ōmóphrōn sídaros

     divider stern of wealth, cruel iron

   • c. 450–425 BCE, Sophocles, Trachiniae, section 886:

     στονόεντος ἐν τομᾷ σιδάρου

     stonóentos en tomâi sidárou

     with stroke of ruthless iron blade

Declension

Second declension of ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος; τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ροιο (Doric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος ho sídāros	τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω tṑ sidā́rō	τοὶ σῐ́δᾱροι toì sídāroi
Genitive	τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ροιο toû sidā́roio	τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν toîn sidā́roin	τῶν σῐδᾱ́ρων tôn sidā́rōn
Dative	τῷ σῐδᾱ́ρῳ tôi sidā́rōi	τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν toîn sidā́roin	τοῖς σῐδᾱ́ροις toîs sidā́rois
Accusative	τὸν σῐ́δᾱρον tòn sídāron	τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω tṑ sidā́rō	τοὺς σῐδᾱ́ρους toùs sidā́rous
Vocative	σῐ́δᾱρε sídāre	σῐδᾱ́ρω sidā́rō	σῐ́δᾱροι sídāroi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. Such forms are found in epic and early Doric texts

Second declension of ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος; τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ρω (Laconian)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος ho sídāros	τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω tṑ sidā́rō	τοὶ σῐ́δᾱροι toì sídāroi
Genitive	τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ρω toû sidā́rō	τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν toîn sidā́roin	τῶν σῐδᾱ́ρων tôn sidā́rōn
Dative	τῷ σῐδᾱ́ρῳ tôi sidā́rōi	τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν toîn sidā́roin	τοῖς σῐδᾱ́ροις toîs sidā́rois
Accusative	τὸν σῐ́δᾱρον tòn sídāron	τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω tṑ sidā́rō	τὼς σῐδᾱ́ρως tṑs sidā́rōs
Vocative	σῐ́δᾱρε sídāre	σῐδᾱ́ρω sidā́rō	σῐ́δᾱροι sídāroi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. Such forms are found in later Doric texts as in Alcman

Second declension of ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος; τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ρου (Choral Doric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σῐ́δᾱρος ho sídāros	τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω tṑ sidā́rō	οἱ σῐ́δᾱροι hoi sídāroi
Genitive	τοῦ σῐδᾱ́ρου toû sidā́rou	τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν toîn sidā́roin	τῶν σῐδᾱ́ρων tôn sidā́rōn
Dative	τῷ σῐδᾱ́ρῳ tôi sidā́rōi	τοῖν σῐδᾱ́ροιν toîn sidā́roin	τοῖς σῐδᾱ́ροις toîs sidā́rois
Accusative	τὸν σῐ́δᾱρον tòn sídāron	τὼ σῐδᾱ́ρω tṑ sidā́rō	τοὺς σῐδᾱ́ρους toùs sidā́rous
Vocative	σῐ́δᾱρε sídāre	σῐδᾱ́ρω sidā́rō	σῐ́δᾱροι sídāroi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. Such forms are found in the choral parts of tragedies

Derived terms

• σιδάρειος (sidáreios, “made of iron”)
• σιδάρεος (sidáreos, “made of iron”)
• σιδαρίτας (sidarítas, “of iron”)
• σιδαρόδετος (sidaródetos, “iron-bound”)
• σιδαρονόμος (sidaronómos, “distributing with the sword”)
• σιδαρόπλακτος (sidaróplaktos, “smitten by iron”)
• σιδαροχάρμας (sidarokhármas, “fighting in iron (of horses)”)

 

References

• “σίδηρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σίδαρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette