tona

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See also: tóna, tonâ, Tóna, and toną

English

Noun

tona (plural tonas)

  1. Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).

Anagrams

Basque

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.

Noun

tona inan

  1. ton
Declension
Declension of tona (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive tona tona tonak
ergative tonak tonak tonek
dative tonari tonari tonei
genitive tonaren tonaren tonen
comitative tonarekin tonarekin tonekin
causative tonarengatik tonarengatik tonengatik
benefactive tonarentzat tonarentzat tonentzat
instrumental tonaz tonaz tonez
inessive tonatan tonan tonetan
locative tonatako tonako tonetako
allative tonatara tonara tonetara
terminative tonataraino tonaraino tonetaraino
directive tonatarantz tonarantz tonetarantz
destinative tonatarako tonarako tonetarako
ablative tonatatik tonatik tonetatik
partitive tonarik — —
prolative tonatzat — —
Derived terms
  • tonaka (“in great quantities”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tona inan

  1. (chiefly Souletin) stain, spot
    Synonym: orban
Declension
Declension of tona (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive tona tona tonak
ergative tonak tonak tonek
dative tonari tonari tonei
genitive tonaren tonaren tonen
comitative tonarekin tonarekin tonekin
causative tonarengatik tonarengatik tonengatik
benefactive tonarentzat tonarentzat tonentzat
instrumental tonaz tonaz tonez
inessive tonatan tonan tonetan
locative tonatako tonako tonetako
allative tonatara tonara tonetara
terminative tonataraino tonaraino tonetaraino
directive tonatarantz tonarantz tonetarantz
destinative tonatarako tonarako tonetarako
ablative tonatatik tonatik tonetatik
partitive tonarik — —
prolative tonatzat — —
Derived terms

Further reading

  • “tona”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
  • “tona”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.

Pronunciation

Noun

tona f (plural tones)

  1. tun (cask with a capacity of more than 500 liters)
  2. ton, tonne

Derived terms

Further reading

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Verb

tona

  1. (intransitive) to be sunny

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

  • to̱na (Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan)
  • tuna (Tetelcingo)

Pronunciation

Verb

tona

  1. (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
  2. (intransitive) To be warm.

Derived terms

References

  • Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
  • Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
  • Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
  • Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎[3], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261

Finnish

Pronoun

tona

  1. (colloquial) essive singular of toi

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).

Pronunciation

Noun

tona f (plural tonas)

  1. film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
    • 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:
      tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.
      "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid
  2. rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
    • 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:
      non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazo
      he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin
  3. bark
  4. surface or upper layer of the soil

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Grzega, Joachim (2001) Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen‎[1], Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, →ISBN, retrieved 26 August 2015, page 242. – via De Gruyter.

Herero

Verb

tona

  1. to hit

Ibatan

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

tona

  1. A kind of freshwater eel.

Further reading

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈtona]
  • Hyphenation: to‧na

Noun

tona (first-person possessive tonaku, second-person possessive tonamu, third-person possessive tonanya)

  1. (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.

Alternative forms

Further reading

Italian

Verb

tona

  1. inflection of tonare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

Latin

Verb

tonā

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of tonō

References

Lithuanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tona f

  1. ton

Malagasy

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

tona

  1. A species of very large nocturnal serpent.
    Synonym: dona
  2. (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.

References

  • tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).[1][2][3]

Noun

tona

  1. wart, corn, nodule

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kona”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 165
  2. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
  3. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

Further reading

  • “tona” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Occitan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Noun

tona f (plural tonas)

  1. ton

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).

Noun

tona f (plural tonas)

  1. film, rind, bark, peel
    • c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:
      chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tona
      they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming
    • c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:
      Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço
      To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling

Descendants

  • Galician: tona
  • Portuguese: tona

References

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

  1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

  1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from French tonne.[1][2] First attested in the 19th century.[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

tona f (related adjective tonowy)

  1. (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
  2. (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)

Declension

Declension of tona
singular plural
nominative tona tony
genitive tony ton
dative tonie tonom
accusative tonę tony
instrumental toną tonami
locative tonie tonach
vocative tono tony

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

References

  1. ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “tona”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
  2. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “tona”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
  3. ^ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 79
  4. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tona”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 604

Further reading

  • tona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tona in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tôna/
  • Hyphenation: to‧na

Noun

tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)

  1. tonne
  2. ton (2240 pounds)

Declension

Declension of tona
singular plural
nominative tȍna tone
genitive tone tȏnā
dative toni tonama
accusative tonu tone
vocative tono tone
locative toni tonama
instrumental tonom tonama

Slovak

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

tona f

  1. ton

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

Slovene

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tona f

  1. ton

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

  1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

toná

  1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Verb

tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)

  1. (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)
    En pizza tonade fram ur dimman
    A pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog
  2. to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)
    tona håret
    tone one's hair
  3. to sound (in tones)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tona (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive tona tonas
Supine tonat tonats
Imperative tona —
Imper. plural1 tonen —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative tonar tonade tonas tonades
Ind. plural1 tona tonade tonas tonades
Subjunctive2 tone tonade tones tonades
Participles
Present participle tonande
Past participle tonad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

Anagrams

Tahitian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Maori tona (“wart, nodule”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).[1][2]

Noun

tona

  1. wart, chancre

References

  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
  2. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

Further reading

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈto.na]
  • Hyphenation: to‧na

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.

Determiner

tona

  1. (inalienable, definite) his, her
See also
Tokelauan possessive determiners
Definite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) toku,
tota1 		to māua to mā to mātou oku,
ota1 		o māua o mā o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― to tāua to tā to tātou ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person tō toulua toutou ō oulua outou
3rd person tona to lāua to lā to lātou ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Definite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) taku,
tata1 		ta māua ta mā ta mātou aku,
ata1 		a māua a mā a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ta tāua ta tā ta tātou ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person tau taulua tautou au aulua autou
3rd person tana ta lāua ta lā ta lātou ana a lāua a lā a lātou
Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) hoku,
hota1 		ho māua ho mā ho mātou ni oku,
ni ota1 		ni o māua ni o mā ni o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ho tāua ho tā ho tātou ― ni o tāua ni o tā ni o tātou
2nd person hō houlua houtou ni ō ni oulua ni outou
3rd person hona ho lāua ho lā ho lātou ni ona ni o lāua ni o lā ni o lātou
Indefinite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) haku,
hata1 		ha māua ha mā ha mātou ni aku,
ni ata1 		ni a māua ni a mā ni a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ha tāua ha tā ha tātou ― ni a tāua ni a tā ni a tātou
2nd person hau haulua hautou ni au ni aulua ni autou
3rd person hana ha lāua ha lā ha lātou ni ana ni a lāua ni a lā ni a lātou
1) Sympathetic

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.

Noun

tona

  1. (vulgar) anus

References

  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Maori tona (“wart, nodule”)).[1][2]

Noun

tona

  1. yaws

References

  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
  2. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

Tuvaluan

Noun

tona

  1. (anatomy) leg

Yami

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

tona

  1. eel

Further reading

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