ruma
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.
Pronunciation
Adjective
ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)
- ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)
- Synonyms: epäesteettinen, pahannäköinen
- Antonym: kaunis
- ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)
- dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)
- ruma sana ― dirty word
Declension
Inflection of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ruma | rumat | |
genitive | ruman | rumien | |
partitive | rumaa | rumia | |
illative | rumaan | rumiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ruma | rumat | |
accusative | nom. | ruma | rumat |
gen. | ruman | ||
genitive | ruman | rumien rumain rare | |
partitive | rumaa | rumia | |
inessive | rumassa | rumissa | |
elative | rumasta | rumista | |
illative | rumaan | rumiin | |
adessive | rumalla | rumilla | |
ablative | rumalta | rumilta | |
allative | rumalle | rumille | |
essive | rumana | rumina | |
translative | rumaksi | rumiksi | |
abessive | rumatta | rumitta | |
instructive | — | rumin | |
comitative | — | rumine |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ruma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
Gothic
Romanization
rūma
- Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰
Hiri Motu
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Noun
ruma
- house (abode)
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ]
- Rhymes: -umɑ
- Hyphenation: ru‧ma
Noun
ruma
Declension
Declension of ruma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ruma | rumat |
genitive | ruman | rummiin |
partitive | rummaa | rummia |
illative | rummaa | rummii |
inessive | rumas | rumis |
elative | rumast | rumist |
allative | rumalle | rumille |
adessive | rumal | rumil |
ablative | rumalt | rumilt |
translative | rumaks | rumiks |
essive | rumanna, rummaan | ruminna, rummiin |
exessive1) | rumant | rumint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms
- (low-quality): prostoi
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491
Kikuyu
Pronunciation
Verb
ruma (infinitive kũruma)
Derived terms
(Proverbs)
Related terms
(Nouns)
- kĩrumi class 7
References
- Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
Latin
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈruː.ma/, [ˈruːmä] or IPA(key): /ˈru.ma/, [ˈrʊmä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.ma/, [ˈruːmä]
- The length of the U is not directly attested. It should be short based on the attested short vowel in the derivative irrumō, but a pronunciation with long ū may have developed due to influence from and conflation with rūmen.[1]
Etymology 1
Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan [Term?].
Noun
rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension
Declension
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rū̆ma | rū̆mae |
Genitive | rū̆mae | rū̆mārum |
Dative | rū̆mae | rū̆mīs |
Accusative | rū̆mam | rū̆mās |
Ablative | rū̆mā | rū̆mīs |
Vocative | rū̆ma | rū̆mae |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
The same as rūmen.
Noun
rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension
Declension
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rūma | rūmae |
Genitive | rūmae | rūmārum |
Dative | rūmae | rūmīs |
Accusative | rūmam | rūmās |
Ablative | rūmā | rūmīs |
Vocative | rūma | rūmae |
References
- “ruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ruma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “ruma”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 580
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
Noun
ruma
- inflection of rum:
Muduapa
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Noun
ruma
- house (abode)
Portuguese
Verb
ruma
- inflection of rumar:
Puyuma
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Noun
ruma
References
- Stacy Fang-Ching Teng (鄧芳青), A Reference Grammar Of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language Of Taiwan, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2008.
Venda
Verb
ruma
- to send
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.
Adjective
ruma
Inflection
Inflection of ruma (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | ruma | ||
genitive sing. | ruman | ||
partitive sing. | rumad | ||
partitive plur. | rumid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ruma | rumad | |
accusative | ruman | rumad | |
genitive | ruman | rumiden | |
partitive | rumad | rumid | |
essive-instructive | ruman | rumin | |
translative | rumaks | rumikš | |
inessive | rumas | rumiš | |
elative | rumaspäi | rumišpäi | |
illative | rumaha | rumihe | |
adessive | rumal | rumil | |
ablative | rumalpäi | rumilpäi | |
allative | rumale | rumile | |
abessive | rumata | rumita | |
comitative | rumanke | rumidenke | |
prolative | rumadme | rumidme | |
approximative I | rumanno | rumidenno | |
approximative II | rumannoks | rumidennoks | |
egressive | rumannopäi | rumidennopäi | |
terminative I | rumahasai | rumihesai | |
terminative II | rumalesai | rumilesai | |
terminative III | rumassai | — | |
additive I | rumahapäi | rumihepäi | |
additive II | rumalepäi | rumilepäi |
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “грубый, некрасивый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ruma.
Pronunciation
Adjective
ruma
Inflection
Declension of ruma (type V/poikõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ruma | rumad |
genitive | ruma | rumijõ, rumii |
partitive | rumma | rumiitõ, rumii |
illative | rummasõ, rumma | rumiisõ |
inessive | rumaz | rumiiz |
elative | rumassõ | rumiissõ |
allative | rumalõ | rumiilõ |
adessive | rumallõ | rumiillõ |
ablative | rumaltõ | rumiiltõ |
translative | rumassi | rumiissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ruma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from North Germanic languages
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adjectives
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Hiri Motu lemmas
- Hiri Motu nouns
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Kikuyu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kikuyu lemmas
- Kikuyu verbs
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Etruscan
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- la:Anatomy
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms
- Lower Sorbian noun forms
- Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Muduapa lemmas
- Muduapa nouns
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Puyuma terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Puyuma terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Puyuma lemmas
- Puyuma nouns
- Puyuma terms with usage examples
- Venda lemmas
- Venda verbs
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from North Germanic languages
- Veps lemmas
- Veps adjectives
- Veps kuva-type nominals
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/umɑ
- Rhymes:Votic/umɑ/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic adjectives
- Votic poikõ-type nominals