-я
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Mongolian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈja/
- Syllabification: я (1 syllable)
Suffix
-я • (-ja)
Inflection
Vowel harmonic forms of -я
back vowel | front vowel | |
---|---|---|
unrounded | -я -ja | -е -e |
rounded | -ё -jo |
Russian
Alternative forms
- -а (-a) — used after a hard consonant
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-я • (-ja)
- Noun-forming diminutive suffix used after a soft (palatalized) consonant.
Derived terms
Ukrainian
Alternative forms
- -а (-a) — used after a hard consonant
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Suffix
-я́ • (-já) (diminutive -я́тко)
- Forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives.
- Synonym: -еня́ (-enjá)
- звір (zvir, “animal”) + -я́ (-já) → звіря́ (zvirjá, “baby animal”)
- смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + -я́ (-já) → смереча́ (smerečá, “young spruce tree”)
- со́кіл (sókil, “falcon”) + -я́ (-já) → соколя́ (sokoljá, “falconet”)
- птах (ptax, “bird”) + -я́ (-já) → пташа́ (ptašá, “fledgling”)
- соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + -я́ (-já) → собача́ (sobačá, “puppy”)
Usage notes
Being derived from a front nasal vowel, this suffix has the following properties:
- When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies.
- When added onto a stem ending with /r/, it is palatalized to /rʲ/.
- The stress usually falls on the suffix.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje.
Suffix
- Denominal, forming collective nouns
- звір (zvir, “animal”) + -я (-ja) → звір'я́ (zvirʺjá, “animals”)
- смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + -я (-ja) → смері́ччя (smeríččja, “spruces”) or
- смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + -я (-ja) → смере́ччя (smeréččja, “spruces”)
- паву́к (pavúk, “spider”) + -я (-ja) → паву́ччя (pavúččja, “spiders”)
- гора́ (horá, “mountain”) + -я (-ja) → гі́р'я (hírʺja, “mountains”)
- ка́мінь (káminʹ, “stone”) + -я (-ja) → камі́ння (kamínnja, “rocks”)
- Deverbal (from past participle), forming action nouns
- Denominal, forming nouns denoting various concepts
- Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a property, state or condition
- Denominal, forming nouns denoting location or time
Usage notes
Being derived from an ьjV cluster, this suffix has the following properties:
- When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies.
- When added onto a stem ending with /r/, it is not palatalized.
- When added onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is geminated.
- /o/→/i/ and /e/→/i/ shifts in the stem may or may not occur.
Derived terms
Categories:
- Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian non-lemma forms
- Mongolian suffix forms
- Mongolian vowel harmonic lemmas
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Russian noun-forming suffixes
- Russian diminutive suffixes
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian suffixes
- Ukrainian noun-forming suffixes
- Ukrainian diminutive suffixes
- Ukrainian collective suffixes