-r

See also: Appendix:Variations of "r"

Chuukese

Suffix

-r

1. (indirect object suffix) them

Estonian

Etymology

Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). Cognate to Finnish -ari, -uri.

Suffix

-r (genitive -ri, partitive -rit)

1. Forms various agent nouns.

   kala "fish" → kalur "fisherman"

   tuupima "to study excessively" → tuupur "nerd"

   surfama "to surf" → surfar "surfer"

   õppima "to learn" → õppur "learner"

   rokk "rock music" → rokkar "rocker"

Declension

Declension of -r (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-r	-rid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-ri
genitive			-rite
partitive		-rit	-reid
illative		-risse	-ritesse -reisse
inessive		-ris	-rites -reis
elative		-rist	-ritest -reist
allative		-rile	-ritele -reile
adessive		-ril	-ritel -reil
ablative		-rilt	-ritelt -reilt
translative		-riks	-riteks -reiks
terminative		-rini	-riteni
essive		-rina	-ritena
abessive		-rita	-riteta
comitative		-riga	-ritega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -r

Finnish

Suffix

-r

1. Alternative form of -ra

Suffix

-r

1. Alternative form of -re

Hungarian

Suffix

-r

1. (frequentative suffix, obsolete) Added to a stem to form a verb expressing a (quickly) repeating action. No longer productive. It can be found in obscured derivatives, e.g. tántorog, kever.
2. (nominal-forming suffix, obsolete) Originally it was added to nouns primarily as a diminutive suffix. Today it can be found only in obscured derivatives, e.g. tompor. No longer productive.

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -r

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -r

References

• -r in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Irish

Etymology

From the Old Irish ro- (perfective prefix).

Suffix

-r

1. A suffix added to certain preverbs and subordinating conjunctions when these occur with past tense verbs, and in the past/conditional copular form of these preverbs and conjunctions.

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -r

Old Norse

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-r

1. denotes the nominative singular of adjectives, masculine a-stem, i-stem, u-stem, and an-stem, as well as feminine ijo-stem nouns
2. denotes the nominative and accusative plurals of r- and consonant stem nouns

Declension

    Strong declension of adjectives

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-r	-	-t
accusative	-an	-a	-t
dative	-um	-ri	-u
genitive	-s	-rar	-s
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ir	-ar	-
accusative	-a	-ar	-
dative	-um	-um	-um
genitive	-ra	-ra	-ra

  Declension of -r (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-r	-rinn	-ar	-arnir
accusative	-	-inn	-a	-ana
dative	-i	-inum	-um	-unum
genitive	-s	-sins	-a	-anna

  Declension of -r (weak an-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-i	-inn	-ar	-arnir
accusative	-a	-ann	-a	-ana
dative	-a	-anum	-um	-unum
genitive	-a	-ans	-a	-anna

  Declension of -r (strong i-stem, s and ar-genitives)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-r	-rinn	-ir	-irnir
accusative	-	-inn	-i	-ina
dative	-	-inum	-um	-unum
genitive	-ar, -s	-arins, -sins	-a	-anna

  Declension of -r (strong u-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-r	-rinn	-ir	-irnir
accusative	-	-inn	-u	-una
dative	-i	-inum	-um	-unum
genitive	-ar	-arins	-a	-anna

  Declension of -r (strong ijō-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-r	-rin	-ar	-arnar
accusative	-i	-ina	-ar	-arnar
dative	-i	-inni	-um	-unum
genitive	-ar	-arinnar	-a	-anna

Descendants

• Icelandic: -ur
• Faroese: -ur
• Old Swedish: -er

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Norse -ᛁᛉ (-iʀ).

Suffix

-r

1. (no longer productive, with i-mutation) -ed, forms adjectives from nouns

   ‎auga (“eye”) + ‎-r → ‎eygr (“eyed”)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r/

Suffix

-r

1. Suffix for the indefinite plural form of some of the nouns of the third declension, chiefly if they end in a stressed vowel except -e or -i, or if it ends in an unstressed -e.
2. Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood (all persons) for a small number of Swedish verbs which ends in a vowel except -a in the infinitive; formally also for a large part of those verbs which do end in -a in infinitive.

   Hon går. ― She walks.

   Vi dansar ― We dance.

Usage notes

The modern treatment is to consider also the verbs which in present tense ends in -ar to use the suffix -r, even though they frequently are denoted -ar-verbs, as if the suffix would be -ar. However, the -a- is rather interpreted as being part of the stem of the verb.

See also

plural suffix

• -or
• -ar
• -er
• -n

present tense suffix

• -er

Turkish

Suffix

-r

Post-vocalic form of -er.

1. Simple present tense suffix.

   oku(-mak) – okur

   (to) read – he/she/it reads

Usage notes

• Personal suffixes are added after "-r".

  oku + -r + -um = okurum (I read)

  oku + -r + -sun = okursun (you read)

  oku + -r = okur (he/she/it reads)

  oku + -r + -uz = okuruz (we read)

  oku + -r + -sunuz = okursunuz (you read)

  oku + -r + -lar = okurlar (they read)

• If the verb ends in a consonant, then this suffix becomes "-ar", "-er", "-ır", "-ir", "-ur" or "-ür"

  -ar: yap – yapar, çık – çıkar, kon – konar, sun – sunar

  -er: et – eder, git – gider, sön – söner, büz – büzer

  -ır: kal – kalır, çıldır – çıldırır

  -ir: gel – gelir, veril – verilir

  -ur: ol – olur, bul – bulur

  -ür: gör – görür, ölün – ölünür