糖

See also: 醣

糖 U+7CD6, 糖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CD6 ← 糕 [U+7CD5] CJK Unified Ideographs 糗 → [U+7CD7]

Translingual

Han character

糖 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 9096₇, composition ⿰米唐)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 911, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27070
• Dae Jaweon: page 1338, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3157, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7CD6

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Chinese

trad.		糖/醣
simp.		糖
alternative forms		餹／糖 饄 糛 𥼽／𥹥 𥽻 餹／糖 饄 糛 𥼽／𥹥 𥽻 𰪩 second round simplified
醣 - “saccharide”

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).

Etymology

Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).

Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ² ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 糖

1. sugar

   白糖  ―  báitáng  ―  white sugar

   紅糖／红糖  ―  hóngtáng  ―  brown sugar

   糖水 [Cantonese]  ―  tong⁴ seoi² [Jyutping]  ―  tong sui (literally, “sugar water”)

   無糖薄荷糖／无糖薄荷糖  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy

   糖放多了。  ―  Táng fàng duō le.  ―  Too much sugar is added.

2. candy; sweets

   棒棒糖  ―  bàngbàngtáng  ―  lollipop

   無糖薄荷糖／无糖薄荷糖  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy

   糖吃多了不好。  ―  Táng chī duō le bùhǎo.  ―  Eating too much candy is unhealthy.

   糖食得多冇益。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   tong^4-2 sik⁶ dak¹ do¹ mou⁵ jik¹. [Jyutping]

   Eating too much candy is unhealthy.

3. (organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate

   多糖  ―  duōtáng  ―  polysaccharide

   葡萄糖  ―  pútáotáng  ―  glucose

4. ^† to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs

   • 蟹之將糖，躁擾彌甚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     蟹之将糖，躁扰弥甚。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Southern Qi, by Xiao Zixian, 6^th century CE

     Xiè zhī jiāng táng, zàorǎo mí shèn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (Internet slang, figurative) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   撒糖  ―  sǎtáng  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. (transgender slang, figurative) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) drugs, especially pills

   吃糖  ―  chītáng  ―  to undergo HRT (literally, “to eat candy”)

   昨天糖被我爸媽發現了。 [MSC, trad.]
   昨天糖被我爸妈发现了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zuótiān táng bèi wǒ bàmā fāxiàn le. [Pinyin]

   Yesterday [my] HRT drugs were spotted by my parents.

   • […]，她上鎖的櫃子還被隔壁班的學生撬開，一直在吃的「糖」（雌性激素藥）就在櫃子裡。 [MSC, trad.]
     […]，她上锁的柜子还被隔壁班的学生撬开，一直在吃的「糖」（雌性激素药）就在柜子里。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2021 January 15, 张楠茜, 《拯救可橙： 被父母强送矫治的跨性别者》, in (deprecated template usage) 《鳳凰週刊》 [Phoenix Weekly], →ISSN, issue 747, page 42

     […], tā shàngsuǒ de guìzǐ hái bèi gébì bān de xuéshēng qiàokāi, yīzhí zài chī de “táng” (cíxìng jīsù yào) jiù zài guìzǐ lǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 糖果 (“candy; sweets”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		糖果
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	糖果兒
	Taiwan	糖果
	Singapore	糖, 糖果
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	花糖
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	糖
Southwestern Mandarin	Nanning (Wuming)	糖, 糖果
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	糖果
Cantonese	Guangzhou	糖
	Hong Kong	糖
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	麻糖
	Taishan	磨糖
	Kaiping (Chikan)	麻糖
	Dongguan	麻糖
	Yangjiang	糖仔
	Beihai	糖膠
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	糖膠
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	糖膠
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	糖膠
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	糖仔
	Móng Cái	糖膠
Hakka	Meixian	糖仔, 糖果
	Yudu	糖子, 糖
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	糖仔, 甘糖
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	糖仔, 甘糖
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	糖仔, 甘糖
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	糖, 甘糖
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	糖仔, 甘糖
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	糖, 甘糖
	Hong Kong	麻糖, 糖仔
Huizhou	Jixi	糖
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	糖
	Matsu	金含
Southern Min	Xiamen	糖仔
	Quanzhou	糖仔
	Taipei (Wanhua)	糖仔
	Kaohsiung	糖仔
	Yilan	糖仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	糖仔
	Taichung	糖仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	糖仔
	Tainan	糖仔
	Taitung	糖仔
	Hsinchu	糖仔
	Penghu (Magong)	金含仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	紅毛糖
	Singapore (Hokkien)	紅毛糖
	Manila (Hokkien)	糖仔
	Longyan	糖仔
	Chaozhou	糖果
	Shantou	糖果
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	金含
	Jieyang	金含, 糖
	Singapore (Teochew)	紅毛糖, 糖
	Leizhou	糖糕, 糖囝
	Haikou	糖囝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	麻糖
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	糖
Wu	Suzhou	糖
	Hangzhou	糖
	Wenzhou	糖兒
	Jinhua	紙包糖
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	桔桔糖
Xiang	Changsha	糖粒子

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (糖):

• → Japanese: 糖(とう) (tō)
• → Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
• → Vietnamese: đường (糖)

Others:

• → Guiqiong: d’ɐŋ

References

• “糖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03070

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

糖

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
• Tō-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: あめ (ame, 糖)、さとう (satō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 果(か)糖(とう) (katō): fructose
• 血(けっ)糖(とう) (kettō): blood sugar
• 砂(さ)糖(とう) (satō): sugar
• 蔗(しょ)糖(とう) (shotō): sucrose
• 西(すい)瓜(か)糖(とう) (suikatō): watermelon sugar, sugar made by concentrating watermelon juice
• 糖(とう)衣(い) (tōi)
• 糖(とう)化(か) (tōka): saccharification
• 糖(とう)原(げん) (tōgen): glycogen
• 糖(とう)尿(にょう)病(びょう) (tōnyōbyō)
• 糖(とう)分(ぶん) (tōbun)
• 糖(とう)類(るい) (tōrui)
• 乳(にゅう)糖(とう) (nyūtō): lactose
• 麦(ばく)芽(が)糖(とう) (bakugatō): maltose
• 楓(ふう)糖(とう) (fūtō): maple sugar
• 葡(ぶ)萄(どう)糖(とう) (budōtō): glucose

Kanji in this term
糖
とう Grade: 6
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 糖 (dang, “sugar”).

Noun

糖(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. sugar

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 따ᇰ (Yale: ttang) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 다ᇰ (tang) (Yale: tang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [당]

Hanja

Wikisource

糖 (eumhun 엿 당 (yeot dang))

1. hanja form^? of 당 (“sugar”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 과당 (果糖, gwadang)
• 당뇨 (糖尿, dangnyo)
• 당류 (糖類, dangnyu)
• 당밀 (糖蜜, dangmil)
• 당분 (糖分, dangbun)
• 당질 (糖質, dangjil)
• 자당 (蔗糖, jadang)
• 혈당 (血糖, hyeoldang)
• 당의 (糖衣, dang'ui)
• 연당 (鉛糖, yeondang)
• 당산 (糖酸, dangsan)
• 당화 (糖化, danghwa)
• 유당 (乳糖, yudang)
• 맥아당 (麥芽糖, maegadang)
• 포도당 (葡萄糖, pododang)

Etymology 2

From Early Mandarin 糖 (táng).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰa̠ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [탕]

Hanja

糖 (eumhun 엿 탕 (yeot tang))

1. hanja form^? of 탕 (“sugar”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 설탕 (雪糖, seoltang)
• 사탕 (砂糖, satang)
• 탕수육 (糖水肉, tangsuyuk)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

糖: Hán Nôm readings: đường

1. chữ Hán form of đường (“sugar”).