hängen
German
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From a conflation of three interrelated verbs all originally meaning “to hang”, but varying in their transitivity and intransitivity: 1.) Middle High German hāhen (transitive and intransitive), from Old High German hāhan (chiefly transitive [sic]), a strong verb with past forms hieng, gehangan, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną (intransitive). 2.) Middle High German hangen, from Middle High German hangēn (both intransitive). 3.) Middle High German hengen (“to hang, to dangle, to let go, to allow”), from Old High German hengen (“idem”), from Proto-Germanic *hangijaną (“to hang”, transitive).
Because of various interferences in the inflected forms, due to grammatischer Wechsel, umlaut and Rückumlaut, these three verbs were bound to be intermingled. Verbs 1 and 2 were merged in such a way that the present stem hang- was combined with the strong past forms of hāhen. This development is first attested in the north and seems to have spread from Middle Low German hangen to Central German dialects of Middle High German (14th century). The transitive verb 3 (hängen) was kept separate into the 20th century, at least by prescription, but the present stem is now häng- for all uses. The split is upheld in the past forms, but is not consistently followed outside of formal contexts.
Cognate to Dutch hangen, English hang.
Alternative forms
- hangen (generally archaic, but still sometimes in the South)
Verb
- (intransitive) to hang; to be suspended
- Synonym: baumeln
- Der Apfel hängt am Baum.
- The apple hangs on the tree.
- (intransitive) to be attached to; to be fond of; to be devoted to; to cling to
- Er hängt sehr an seiner Schwester.
- He is very attached to his sister.
- (intransitive, somewhat informal) to depend on
- Synonym: abhängen
- Es hängt alles daran, wie du dich entscheidest.
- It all depends on what decision you take.
- (transitive, colloquial, otherwise proscribed) to hang something; to suspend
- Ich hab meine Jacke an die Garderobe gehangen.
- I’ve hung my jacket on the hallstand.
Conjugation
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Middle High German hengen, that is “verb 3” in etymology 1. See above.
Verb
- (transitive) to hang something; to suspend
- Antonym: abhängen
- Ich habe meine Jacke an die Garderobe gehängt.
- I’ve hung my jacket on the hallstand.
- (transitive) to hang someone; to execute by hanging
- Synonym: (dated) henken
- Wenn er verurteilt wird, hängen sie ihn.
- If he’s convicted, they’re going to hang him.
- (reflexive) to hang on to; to follow
- Häng dich an deine Schwester, die weiß Bescheid.
- Hang on to your sister, she knows how things work.
Conjugation
Usage notes
- The verb is generally construed with the preposition an. It is followed by the dative case in intransitive use, and the accusative case in transitive or reflexive use.
Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon hengian, from Proto-Germanic *hangijaną. See also hangen.
Verb
hängen (third-person singular simple present hängt, past tense häng, past participle hängt, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (transitive) to hang (something); to suspend
- (transitive) to hang (someone), e.g. for a crime
- (reflexive, with “an ...”) to hang on (to something)
- (intransitive) to hang; to be suspended (hangen is usually preferred in this sense)
- (intransitive) to stick; to cling (hangen is usually preferred in this sense)
- (intransitive, figuratively, with an) to be fond of, to feel strongly about (hangen is usually preferred in this sense)
- Bochum, ik häng an di.# (transitive) to hang
- Bochum, I'm fond of you.
Conjugation
infinitive | hängen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | häng | häng |
2nd person singular | hängs(t) | hängs(t) |
3rd person singular | häng(t) | häng |
plural | hängt, hängen | hängen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | häng(e) | |
plural | hängt | |
participle | present | past |
hängen | (e)hängt, gehängt | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Usage notes
Hängen has a doublet with nearly the same meaning and usage, hangen. However, hängen is usually preferred in its transitive meaning, while hangen is more commonly used as an intransitive verb.
The strong preterite forms ik hung, du hungst, he hung, ... are sometimes found instead of the normal weak forms ik häng, du hängst, he häng, ... due to confusion with hangen.
- German 2-syllable words
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- German terms inherited from Middle High German
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- German terms derived from Old High German
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- German intransitive verbs
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- Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Low German lemmas
- Low German verbs
- Low German transitive verbs
- Low German reflexive verbs
- Low German intransitive verbs
- Low German terms with usage examples
- Low German weak verbs