leiden: difference between revisions
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* {{audio|nl|Nl-leiden.ogg |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{IPA|de|/ˈlaɪ̯dən/|[ˈlaɪ̯dn̩]}} |
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* {{audio|de|De-leiden.ogg |
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===Verb=== |
===Verb=== |
Revision as of 18:04, 2 June 2024
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Pronunciation
Verb
leiden
- (transitive) to lead, to take the lead
- (transitive) to guide
- (intransitive) to lead, to go, to follow a path to
- Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.
- All roads lead to Rome.
Inflection
Conjugation of leiden (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | leiden | |||
past singular | leidde | |||
past participle | geleid | |||
infinitive | leiden | |||
gerund | leiden n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | leid | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | leidt, leid2 | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | leidt | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | leidt | leidde | ||
3rd person singular | leidt | leidde | ||
plural | leiden | leidden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | leide | leidde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | leiden | leidden | ||
imperative sing. | leid | |||
imperative plur.1 | leidt | |||
participles | leidend | geleid | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
- aaneenleiden
- aanleiden
- achterafleiden
- afleiden
- beleiden
- bijeenleiden
- binnenleiden
- bovenleiden
- buitenleiden
- de dans leiden
- dichtleiden
- doorleiden
- geleiden
- heenleiden
- herleiden
- inleiden
- medeleiden
- meeleiden
- misleiden
- naleiden
- nederleiden
- neerleiden
- om de tuin leiden
- omhoogleiden
- omlaagleiden
- omleiden
- onderleiden
- ontleiden
- opleiden
- opzijleiden
- overleiden
- platleiden
- rondleiden
- tegenleiden
- terechtleiden
- terugleiden
- toeleiden
- uiteenleiden
- uitleiden
- vastleiden
- verderleiden
- verleiden
- voorbijleiden
- voorleiden
- vooropleiden
- vooroverleiden
- voortleiden
- vooruitleiden
- wederleiden
- wederomleiden
- weerleiden
- wegleiden
Descendants
Anagrams
Finnish
Etymology 1
Noun
leiden
Etymology 2
Noun
leiden
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. Cognate with Dutch lijden, English lithe. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of Middle High German leiden (“to be sorry, suffer, be hated”), from Old High German leidēn, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþijan, and also the originally unrelated noun Leid (“sorrow”), which is cognate with English loath.
Pronunciation
Verb
leiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present leidet, past tense litt, past participle gelitten, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to suffer, to experience pain, sorrow, etc.
- Lerne leiden ohne zu klagen.
- Learn to suffer without complaining.
- (transitive) to suffer, bear, endure, undergo, experience (some hardship)
- Er litt höllische Qualen.
- He suffered hellish torment.
- (intransitive, with an (“from”)) to suffer (from a disease or condition)
- Die Gefangenen leiden an Unterernährung.
- The prisoners suffer from malnutrition.
- 2012 April 20, Die Welt[1], archived from the original on 12 April 2013, page 22:
- Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung leiden.
- By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
- (transitive) to like, tolerate (usually in negative contexts)
- Ich kann ihn einfach nicht leiden!
- I just can't stand him!
Conjugation
infinitive | leiden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | leidend | ||||
past participle | gelitten | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich leide | wir leiden | i | ich leide | wir leiden |
du leidest | ihr leidet | du leidest | ihr leidet | ||
er leidet | sie leiden | er leide | sie leiden | ||
preterite | ich litt | wir litten | ii | ich litte1 | wir litten1 |
du littest du littst |
ihr littet | du littest1 | ihr littet1 | ||
er litt | sie litten | er litte1 | sie litten1 | ||
imperative | leid (du) leide (du) |
leidet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- → Kashubian: lëdac
Further reading
- “leiden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “leiden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “leiden” in Duden online
- “leiden” in OpenThesaurus.de
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną.
Cognate with German leiden, Dutch lijden, English lithe, Icelandic líða. Related to leeden.
Pronunciation
Verb
leiden (third-person singular present leit, past participle gelidden, auxiliary verb hunn)
- (intransitive) to suffer, to feel pain
- (transitive) to bear, to suffer, to endure
Conjugation
Regular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | leiden | |
participle | gelidden | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | leiden | — |
2nd singular | leits | leit |
3rd singular | leit | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit | leit |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Derived terms
Related terms
Middle Dutch
Etymology 1
From Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb
leiden
Inflection
Weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | leiden | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | leiden | |
In genitive | leidens | |
In dative | leidene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | leide | — |
2nd singular | leits, leides | — |
3rd singular | leit, leidet | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit, leidet | — |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | leide | — |
2nd singular | leits, leides | — |
3rd singular | leide | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit, leidet | — |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | leit, leide | |
Plural | leit, leidet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | leidende | — |
Alternative forms
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (“water”).[1] Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.
Noun
leiden ?
- Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: Leiden
References
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Further reading
- “leiden (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “leiden (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “leiden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb
leiden
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
Further reading
- “lēden”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯dən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯dən/2 syllables
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch terms with homophones
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch transitive verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish noun forms
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 1 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with quotations
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish 2-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ɑɪdən
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish verbs
- Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary
- Luxembourgish intransitive verbs
- Luxembourgish transitive verbs
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch weak verbs
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Germanic languages
- Middle Dutch nouns
- dum:Cities in the Netherlands
- dum:Places in the Netherlands
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak verbs