duke

See also: Duke and dûke

English

Etymology

From Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of dux and doge.

The “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /djuːk/, /dʒuːk/
• IPA^(key): /d(j)uːk/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

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• Rhymes: -uːk
• Homophone: juke (with yod coalescence)

Noun

duke (plural dukes)

1. The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess).
2. The sovereign of a small state.
3. A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom.

   Hypernyms: title, holder

   Coordinate terms: baron, count, countess, earl, marquis, marquess, viscount, prince, monarch

4. A grand duke.
5. Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genera Bassarona and Dophla.
6. (slang, usually in the plural) A fist.
   • 1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 438:

     “Your friend sure knows how to use his dukes. Biff, bang! One, two, and the copʼs on his ass!”

   Put up your dukes!

Derived terms

• archduke
• dukedom
• duke it out
• Dukes County
• dukicide
• grand duke
• grand dukedom
• put up one's dukes

 

Related terms

• ducal
• duchess
• duchy
• grand duchy

 

Translations

male ruler of a duchy

• Afrikaans: hertog
• Arabic: دُوق m (dūq)
• Armenian: դուքս (hy) (dukʻs)
• Azerbaijani: hersoq, knyaz
• Belarusian: ге́рцаг m (hjércah), князь m (knjazʹ)
• Bulgarian: хе́рцог m (hércog), дук m (duk)
• Catalan: duc (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 公爵 (zh) (gōngjué)

• Czech: vévoda (cs) m
• Dalmatian: ducat m
• Danish: hertug c
• Dutch: hertog (nl) m
• Esperanto: duko (eo)
• Estonian: hertsog (et)
• Faroese: hertogi m
• Finnish: herttua (fi)
• French: duc (fr) m

  Middle French: duc m

  Old French: duc m

• Galician: duque m
• Georgian: ჰერცოგი (hercogi) ერისთავი (eristavi)
• German: Herzog (de) m
• Greek: δούκας (el) m (doúkas)

  Ancient: (Byzantine) δούξ (doúx)

• Hawaiian: duke
• Hebrew: דוכס (he) (dukás)
• Hindi: शासक (hi) (śāsak)
• Hungarian: herceg (hu)
• Icelandic: hertogi m
• Indonesian: adipati (id)
• Irish: diúc (ga) m
• Italian: duca (it) m
• Japanese: 公爵 (ja) (こうしゃく, kōshaku)
• Khmer: ចៅពញា (km) m (chav pnyie), អ្នកឧកញ៉ា (neak ok nha)
• Korean: 공작(公爵) (ko) (gongjak)
• Latgalian: gercogs m
• Latin: (Medieval) dux (la) m
• Latvian: hercogs
• Limburgish: hertog (li)
• Lithuanian: hercogas m
• Macedonian: војвода m (vojvoda)
• Manx: duic
• Maori: tiuka
• Marathi: ड्यूक (ḍyūk)
• Mongolian: гүн (mn) (gün)
• Manchu: ᡤᡠᠩ (gung)
• Norman: duc m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: hertug (no) m

  Nynorsk: hertug m

• Occitan: duc m
• Old English: ealdorman m, eorl m, heretoga m
• Old Occitan: duc m
• Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)
• Persian: دوک (fa) (duk)
• Polish: książę (pl) m
• Portuguese: duque (pt) m
• Romanian: duce (ro) m
• Russian: ге́рцог (ru) m (gércog), князь (ru) m (knjazʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: diùc m
• Serbo-Croatian: vojvoda (sh) m, војвода m
• Slovak: vojvoda m
• Slovene: vojvoda (sl) m
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: wójwoda m

• Spanish: duque (es) m
• Swedish: hertig (sv) c
• Tagalog: duke
• Thai: , ดุ๊ก (dúk), ดยุก (dà-yúk)
• Turkish: dük (tr), duka (tr)
• Turkmen: gersog
• Ukrainian: ге́рцог m (hércoh), князь m (knjazʹ)
• Uzbek: gersog (uz)
• Vietnamese: công tước 公爵
• Volapük: dük (vo), hidük (male), jidük (vo) (female)
• Walloon: duk (wa) m
• West Frisian: hartoch c
• Yiddish: הערצאָג m (hertsog)

male holder of a dukedom

• Ancient Greek: δούξ m (doúx)
• Azerbaijani: hersoq, knyaz
• Bulgarian: херцог m (hercog), дук m (duk)
• Catalan: duc (ca)
• Czech: vévoda (cs) m
• Danish: hertug c
• Faroese: hertogi m
• Finnish: herttua (fi)
• Greek: δούκας (el) m (doúkas)
• Hawaiian: duke
• Hungarian: herceg (hu)
• Icelandic: hertogi m
• Indonesian: adipati (id)
• Irish: diúc (ga) m
• Latvian: hercogs m
• Lithuanian: hercogas m
• Macedonian: војвода m (vojvoda)
• Maori: tiuka
• Marathi: ड्यूक (ḍyūk)
• Norman: duc m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: hertug (no) m

  Nynorsk: hertug m

• Old English: ealdorman m, eorl m, heretoga m
• Polish: książę (pl) m
• Portuguese: duque (pt) m
• Romanian: duce (ro) m
• Scottish Gaelic: diùc m
• Slovene: vojvoda (sl) m
• Spanish: duque (es) m
• Thai: ดุ๊ก (dúk), ดยุก (dà-yúk)
• Turkish: dük (tr)
• Volapük: dük (vo), hidük (male), jidük (vo) (female)
• Walloon: duk (wa) m
• Yiddish: הערצאָג m (hertsog)

grand duke

• Bulgarian: велик херцог m (velik hercog)
• Czech: velkovévoda m
• Danish: storhertug c (Luxembourg, German states and Western Europe), storfyrste c (Lithuania, Moscow and tsarist Finland)
• Finnish: suurherttua
• German: Großherzog (de) m, Grossherzog (de) m (Switzerland and Liechtenstein)
• Greek: μέγας δούκας m (mégas doúkas)
• Irish: ard-diúc m
• Latvian: lielhercogs m, erchercogs m
• Luxembourgish: Herzog m
• Macedonian: голем војвода m (golem vojvoda)
• Manx: ard-duic m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: storhertug m

  Nynorsk: storhertug m

• Portuguese: grão-duque m
• Thai: ดุ๊ก (dúk), ดยุก (dà-yúk)
• Volapük: ledük (vo), hiledük (male), jiledük (vo) (female)

slang: fist

• Bulgarian: юмрук (bg) m (jumruk)
• Thai: หมัด (th) (màt)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Breton: ^{(please verify)} dug m pl
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} dux (la) m
• Lithuanian: (1, 2) ^{(please verify)} hercogas m

Verb

duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle duking, simple past and past participle duked)

1. (transitive, informal) To hit or beat with the fists.
   • 2003, John A. Dinan, Private Eyes in the Comics, →ISBN, page 65:

     It seems that PI Rainer was duked by his wife […] .

2. (slang, transitive) To give cash to; to give a tip to.

   Synonym: tip

   I duked him twenty dollars.

Derived terms

• duke in
• duke it
• duke it out
• duke out
• duke up

 

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdukɛ]

Particle

duke

1. A particle which precedes a participle to form a gerundive adverbial phrase.

   duke kënduar — (while) singing, by singing

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish duque.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: du‧ke
• IPA^(key): /ˈduke/ [ˈd̪u.ke]

Noun

dúke

1. duke

Related terms

• dukesa

 

Middle English

Noun

duke

1. Alternative form of duk (“duke”)

Scots

Verb

duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle dukin, simple past dukit, past participle dukit)

1. (intransitive) To cut into a queue, without permission.
2. (transitive) To cut into a queue in front of someone.

   Oi, dinnae duke us!

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish duque (“duke”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: du‧ke
• IPA^(key): /ˈduke/, [ˈd̪uː.xɛ]

Noun

duke

1. duke

Related terms

• dukesa