Module:es-headword

The following documentation is located at Module:es-headword/documentation. ^[edit] Categories were auto-generated by Module:module categorization. ^[edit]

Useful links: subpage list • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox

This module is used for Spanish headword-line templates.

The module is always invoked the same way, by passing a single parameter to the "show" function. This parameter is the name of the part of speech, but in plural (examples given are for nouns, and for adjective forms respectively):

{{#invoke:es-headword|show|nouns}}
{{#invoke:es-headword|show|adjective forms}}

The template will, by default, accept the following parameters (specific parts of speech may accept or require others):

|head=

Override the headword display, used to add links to individual words in a multi-word term.

|cat=

Override the default category, which is the same as the provided parameter. This may sometimes be useful if you have a word that is really, say, an interjection, but you want it to show inflection as if it were an adjective. (for example, bienvenido).

There is no parameter for the sort key, because this is not necessary. The sort key is automatically generated by Module:utilities, according to the normal alphabetical ordering in Spanish (encoded in Module:languages/data/2).

---

local export = {}
local pos_functions = {}

local u = mw.ustring.char
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rmatch = mw.ustring.match
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("es")
local langname = lang:getCanonicalName()

local PAGENAME = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text

local TEMPC1 = u(0xFFF1)
local TEMPC2 = u(0xFFF2)
local TEMPV1 = u(0xFFF3)
local DIV = u(0xFFF4)
local vowel = "aeiouáéíóúý" .. TEMPV1
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]"
local SV = "[áéíóúý]" -- stressed vowel
local W = "[iyuw]" -- glide
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. ".]"

local suffix_categories = {
	["adjectives"] = true,
	["adverbs"] = true,
	["nouns"] = true,
	["verbs"] = true,
}

local remove_stress = {
	["á"] = "a", ["é"] = "e", ["í"] = "i", ["ó"] = "o", ["ú"] = "u", ["ý"] = "y"
}
local add_stress = {
	["a"] = "á", ["e"] = "é", ["i"] = "í", ["o"] = "ó", ["u"] = "ú", ["y"] = "ý"
}

local allowed_special_indicators = {
	["first"] = true,
	["first-second"] = true,
	["first-last"] = true,
	["second"] = true,
	["last"] = true,
	["each"] = true,
}

local prepositions = {
	"al?",
	"del?",
	"como",
	"con",
	"en",
	"para",
	"por",
}

-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
	local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
	return retval
end

-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
	while true do
		local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
		if new_term == term then
			return term
		end
		term = new_term
	end
end

local function get_special_indicator(form)
	if form:find("^%+") then
		form = form:gsub("^%+", "")
		if not allowed_special_indicators[form] then
			local indicators = {}
			for indic, _ in pairs(allowed_special_indicators) do
				table.insert(indicators, "+" .. indic)
			end
			table.sort(indicators)
			error("Special inflection indicator beginning with '+' can only be " ..
				require("Module:table").serialCommaJoin(indicators, {dontTag = true}) .. ": +" .. form)
		end
		return form
	end
	return nil
end

local function track(page)
	require("Module:debug").track("es-headword/" .. page)
	return true
end

local function glossary_link(entry, text)
	text = text or entry
	return "[[Appendix:Glossary#" .. entry .. "|" .. text .. "]]"
end

local function check_all_missing(forms, plpos, tracking_categories)
	for _, form in ipairs(forms) do
		if type(form) == "table" then
			form = form.term
		end
		if form then
			local title = mw.title.new(form)
			if title and not title.exists then
				table.insert(tracking_categories, langname .. " " .. plpos .. " with red links in their headword lines")
			end
		end
	end
end

-- The main entry point.
-- This is the only function that can be invoked from a template.
function export.show(frame)
	local tracking_categories = {}

	local poscat = frame.args[1]
		or error("Part of speech has not been specified. Please pass parameter 1 to the module invocation.")

	local params = {
		["head"] = {list = true},
		["suff"] = {type = "boolean"},
		["json"] = {type = "boolean"},
	}

	local parargs = frame:getParent().args
	if poscat == "nouns" and (not parargs[2] or parargs[2] == "") and parargs.pl2 then
		track("noun-pl2-without-pl")
	end

	if pos_functions[poscat] then
		for key, val in pairs(pos_functions[poscat].params) do
			params[key] = val
		end
	end

	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
	local data = {
		lang = lang,
		pos_category = poscat,
		categories = {},
		heads = args["head"],
		genders = {},
		inflections = {},
	}

	if args["suff"] then
		data.pos_category = "suffixes"

		if suffix_categories[poscat] then
			local singular_poscat = poscat:gsub("s$", "")
			table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " " .. singular_poscat .. "-forming suffixes")
		else
			error("No category exists for suffixes forming " .. poscat .. ".")
		end
	end

	if pos_functions[poscat] then
		pos_functions[poscat].func(args, data, tracking_categories)
	end

	if args["json"] then
		return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(data)
	end

	return require("Module:headword").full_headword(data)
		.. require("Module:utilities").format_categories(tracking_categories, lang)
end


local function add_endings(bases, endings)
	local retval = {}
	if type(bases) ~= "table" then
		bases = {bases}
	end
	if type(endings) ~= "table" then
		endings = {endings}
	end
	for _, base in ipairs(bases) do
		for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do
			table.insert(retval, base .. ending)
		end
	end
	return retval
end


function handle_multiword(form, special, inflect)
	if special == "first" then
		local first, rest = rmatch(form, "^(.-)( .*)$")
		if not first then
			error("Special indicator 'first' can only be used with a multiword term: " .. form)
		end
		return add_endings(inflect(first), rest)
	elseif special == "second" then
		local first, second, rest = rmatch(form, "^([^ ]+ )([^ ]+)( .*)$")
		if not first then
			error("Special indicator 'second' can only be used with a term with three or more words: " .. form)
		end
		return add_endings(add_endings({first}, inflect(second)), rest)
	elseif special == "first-second" then
		local first, space, second, rest = rmatch(form, "^([^ ]+)( )([^ ]+)( .*)$")
		if not first then
			error("Special indicator 'first-second' can only be used with a term with three or more words: " .. form)
		end
		return add_endings(add_endings(add_endings(inflect(first), space), inflect(second)), rest)
	elseif special == "each" then
		local terms = rsplit(form, " ")
		if #terms < 2 then
			error("Special indicator 'each' can only be used with a multiword term: " .. form)
		end
		for i, term in ipairs(terms) do
			terms[i] = inflect(term)
			if i > 1 then
				terms[i] = add_endings(" ", terms[i])
			end
		end
		local result = ""
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			result = add_endings(result, term)
		end
		return result
	elseif special == "first-last" then
		local first, middle, last = rmatch(form, "^(.-)( .* )(.-)$")
		if not first then
			first, middle, last = rmatch(form, "^(.-)( )(.*)$")
		end
		if not first then
			error("Special indicator 'first-last' can only be used with a multiword term: " .. form)
		end
		return add_endings(add_endings(inflect(first), middle), inflect(last))
	elseif special == "last" then
		local rest, last = rmatch(form, "^(.* )(.-)$")
		if not rest then
			error("Special indicator 'last' can only be used with a multiword term: " .. form)
		end
		return add_endings(rest, inflect(last))
	elseif special then
		error("Unrecognized special=" .. special)
	end

	if form:find(" ") then
		-- check for prepositions in the middle of the word; do it this way so we can handle
		-- more than one word before the preposition (and usually inflect each word)
		for _, prep in ipairs(prepositions) do
			local first, space_prep, rest = rmatch(form, "^(.-)( " .. prep .. ")( .*)$")
			if first then
				return add_endings(inflect(first), space_prep .. rest)
			end
		end

		-- multiword expressions default to first-last
		return handle_multiword(form, "first-last", inflect)
	end

	return nil
end


-- Syllabify a word. This implements the full syllabification algorithm, based on the corresponding code
-- in [[Module:es-pronunc]]. This is more than is needed for the purpose of this module, which doesn't
-- care so much about syllable boundaries, but won't hurt.
local function syllabify(word)
	word = DIV .. word .. DIV
	-- gu/qu + front vowel; make sure we treat the u as a consonant; a following
	-- i should not be treated as a consonant ([[alguien]] would become ''álguienes''
	-- if pluralized)
	word = rsub(word, "([gq])u([eiéí])", "%1" .. TEMPC2 .. "%2")
	local vowel_to_glide = { ["i"] = TEMPC1, ["u"] = TEMPC2 }
	-- i and u between vowels should behave like consonants ([[paranoia]], [[baiano]], [[abreuense]],
	-- [[alauita]], [[Malaui]], etc.)
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "(" .. V .. ")([iu])(" .. V .. ")",
		function(v1, iu, v2) return v1 .. vowel_to_glide[iu] .. v2 end
	)
	-- y between consonants or after a consonant at the end of the word should behave like a vowel
	-- ([[ankylosaurio]], [[cryptomeria]], [[brandy]], [[cherry]], etc.)
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "(" .. C .. ")y(" .. C .. ")",
		function(c1, c2) return c1 .. TEMPV1 .. c2 end
	)

	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "(" .. V .. ")(" .. C .. W .. "?" .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "(" .. V .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "(" .. V .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	word = rsub(word, "([pbcktdg])%.([lr])", ".%1%2")
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
	-- Any aeo, or stressed iu, should be syllabically divided from a following aeo or stressed iu.
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "([aeoáéíóúý])([aeoáéíóúý])", "%1.%2")
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "([ií])([ií])", "%1.%2")
	word = rsub_repeatedly(word, "([uú])([uú])", "%1.%2")
	word = rsub(word, "([" .. DIV .. TEMPC1 .. TEMPC2 .. TEMPV1 .. "])", {
		[DIV] = "",
		[TEMPC1] = "i",
		[TEMPC2] = "u",
		[TEMPV1] = "y",
	})
	return word
end


local function make_plural(form, special)
	local retval = handle_multiword(form, special, make_plural)
	if retval then
		return retval
	end

	-- ends in unstressed vowel or á, é, ó
	if rfind(form, "[aeiouáéó]$") then return {form .. "s"} end

	-- ends in í or ú
	if rfind(form, "[íú]$") then
		return {form .. "s", form .. "es"}
	end

	-- ends in a vowel + z
	if rfind(form, V .. "z$") then
		return {rsub(form, "z$", "ces")}
	end

	-- ends in tz
	if rfind(form, "tz$") then return {form} end

	local syllables = rsplit(syllabify(form), "%.")

	-- ends in s or x with more than 1 syllable, last syllable unstressed
	if syllables[2] and rfind(form, "[sx]$") and not rfind(syllables[#syllables], SV) then
		return {form}
	end

	-- ends in l, r, n, d, z, or j with 3 or more syllables, accented on third to last syllable
	if syllables[3] and rfind(form, "[lrndzj]$") and rfind(syllables[#syllables - 2], SV) then
		return {form}
	end

	-- ends in a stressed vowel + consonant
	if rfind(form, SV .. C .. "$") then
		return {rsub(form, "(.)(.)$", function(vowel, consonant)
			return remove_stress[vowel] .. consonant .. "es"
		end)}
	end

	-- ends in a vowel + y, l, r, n, d, j, s, x
	if rfind(form, "[aeiou][ylrndjsx]$") then
		-- two or more syllables: add stress mark to plural; e.g. joven -> jóvenes
		if syllables[2] and rfind(form, "n$") then
			-- don't do anything if syllable already stressed
			if not rfind(syllables[#syllables - 1], SV) then
				-- prefer to accent an a/e/o in case of a diphthong or triphthong; otherwise, do the
				-- last i or u in case of a diphthong ui or iu
				if rfind(syllables[#syllables - 1], "[aeo]") then
					syllables[#syllables - 1] = rsub(syllables[#syllables - 1], "([aeo])",
						function(vowel) return add_stress[vowel] end
					)
				else
					syllables[#syllables - 1] = rsub(syllables[#syllables - 1], "^(.*)([iu])",
						function(before, vowel) return before .. add_stress[vowel] end
					)
				end
			end
			return {table.concat(syllables, "") .. "es"}
		end

		return {form .. "es"}
	end

	-- ends in a vowel + ch
	if rfind(form, "[aeiou]ch$") then return {form .. "es"} end

	-- ends in two consonants
	if rfind(form, C .. C .. "$") then return {form .. "s"} end

	-- ends in a vowel + consonant other than l, r, n, d, z, j, s, or x
	if rfind(form, "[aeiou][^aeioulrndzjsx]$") then return {form .. "s"} end

	return nil
end

local function make_feminine(form, special)
	local retval = handle_multiword(form, special, make_feminine)
	if retval then
		if #retval ~= 1 then
			error("Internal error: Should have one return value for make_feminine: " .. table.concat(retval, ","))
		end
		return retval[1]
	end

	if form:match("o$") then
		local retval = form:gsub("o$", "a") -- discard second retval
		return retval
	end

	local function make_stem(form)
		return mw.ustring.gsub(
			form,
			"^(.+)(.)(.)$",
			function (before_stress, stressed_vowel, after_stress)
				return before_stress .. (remove_stress[stressed_vowel] or stressed_vowel) .. after_stress
			end)
	end

	if rfind(form, "[áíó]n$") or rfind(form, "[éí]s$") or rfind(form, "[dtszxñ]or$") or rfind(form, "ol$") then
		-- holgazán, comodín, bretón (not común); francés, kirguís (not mandamás);
		-- volador, agricultor, defensor, avizor, flexor, señor (not posterior, bicolor, mayor, mejor, menor, peor);
		-- español, mongol
		local stem = make_stem(form)
		return stem .. "a"
	end

	return form
end

local function make_masculine(form)
	local retval = handle_multiword(form, special, make_masculine)
	if retval then
		if #retval ~= 1 then
			error("Internal error: Should have one return value for make_masculine: " .. table.concat(retval, ","))
		end
		return retval[1]
	end

	if form:match("dora$") then
		local retval = form:gsub("a$", "") -- discard second retval
		return retval
	end

	if form:match("a$") then
		local retval = form:gsub("a$", "o") -- discard second retval
		return retval
	end

	return form
end

local function do_adjective(args, data, tracking_categories, is_superlative)
	local feminines = {}
	local plurals = {}
	local masculine_plurals = {}
	local feminine_plurals = {}

	if args.sp and not allowed_special_indicators[args.sp] then
		local indicators = {}
		for indic, _ in pairs(allowed_special_indicators) do
			table.insert(indicators, "'" .. indic .. "'")
		end
		table.sort(indicators)
		error("Special inflection indicator beginning can only be " ..
			require("Module:table").serialCommaJoin(indicators, {dontTag = true}) .. ": " .. args.sp)
	end

	if args.inv then
		-- invariable adjective
		table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "invariable"})
		table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " indeclinable adjectives")
		if args.sp or #args.f > 0 or #args.pl > 0 or #args.mpl > 0 or #args.fpl > 0 then
			error("Can't specify inflections with an invariable adjective")
		end
	else
		local lemma = require("Module:links").remove_links(data.heads[1] or PAGENAME)

		-- Gather feminines.
		local argsf = args.f
		if #argsf == 0 then
			argsf = {"+"}
		end
		for _, f in ipairs(argsf) do
			if f == "+" then
				-- Generate default feminine.
				f = make_feminine(lemma, args.sp)
			elseif f == "#" then
				f = lemma
			end
			table.insert(feminines, f)
		end

		local argspl = args.pl
		local argsmpl = args.mpl
		local argsfpl = args.fpl
		if #argspl > 0 and (#argsmpl > 0 or #argsfpl > 0) then
			error("Can't specify both pl= and mpl=/fpl=")
		end
		if #feminines == 1 and feminines[1] == lemma then
			-- Feminine like the masculine; just generate a plural
			if #argspl == 0 then
				argspl = {"+"}
			end
		elseif #argspl == 0 then
			-- Distinct masculine and feminine plurals
			if #argsmpl == 0 then
				argsmpl = {"+"}
			end
			if #argsfpl == 0 then
				argsfpl = {"+"}
			end
		end

		for _, pl in ipairs(argspl) do
			if pl == "+" then
				-- Generate default plural.
				local defpls = make_plural(lemma, args.sp)
				if not defpls then
					error("Unable to generate default plural of '" .. lemma .. "'")
				end
				for _, defpl in ipairs(defpls) do
					table.insert(plurals, defpl)
				end
			elseif pl == "#" then
				table.insert(plurals, lemma)
			else
				table.insert(plurals, pl)
			end
		end

		for _, mpl in ipairs(argsmpl) do
			if mpl == "+" then
				-- Generate default masculine plural.
				local defpls = make_plural(lemma, args.sp)
				if not defpls then
					error("Unable to generate default plural of '" .. lemma .. "'")
				end
				for _, defpl in ipairs(defpls) do
					table.insert(masculine_plurals, defpl)
				end
			elseif mpl == "#" then
				table.insert(masculine_plurals, lemma)
			else
				table.insert(masculine_plurals, mpl)
			end
		end

		for _, fpl in ipairs(argsfpl) do
			if fpl == "+" then
				for _, f in ipairs(feminines) do
					-- Generate default feminine plural.
					local defpls = make_plural(f, args.sp)
					if not defpls then
						error("Unable to generate default plural of '" .. f .. "'")
					end
					for _, defpl in ipairs(defpls) do
						table.insert(feminine_plurals, defpl)
					end
				end
			elseif fpl == "#" then
				table.insert(feminine_plurals, lemma)
			else
				table.insert(feminine_plurals, fpl)
			end
		end

		check_all_missing(feminines, "adjectives", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(plurals, "adjectives", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(masculine_plurals, "adjectives", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(feminine_plurals, "adjectives", tracking_categories)

		-- Make sure there are feminines given and not same as lemma.
		if #feminines > 0 and not (#feminines == 1 and feminines[1] == lemma) then
			feminines.label = "feminine"
			feminines.accel = {form = "f|s"}
			table.insert(data.inflections, feminines)
		end

		if #plurals > 0 then
			plurals.label = "plural"
			plurals.accel = {form = "p"}
			table.insert(data.inflections, plurals)
		end

		if #masculine_plurals > 0 then
			masculine_plurals.label = "masculine plural"
			masculine_plurals.accel = {form = "m|p"}
			table.insert(data.inflections, masculine_plurals)
		end

		if #feminine_plurals > 0 then
			feminine_plurals.label = "feminine plural"
			feminine_plurals.accel = {form = "f|p"}
			table.insert(data.inflections, feminine_plurals)
		end
	end

	if args.comp and #args.comp > 0 then
		check_all_missing(args.comp, "adjectives", tracking_categories)
		args.comp.label = "comparative"
		table.insert(data.inflections, args.comp)
	end

	if args.sup and #args.sup > 0 then
		check_all_missing(args.sup, "adjectives", tracking_categories)
		args.sup.label = "superlative"
		table.insert(data.inflections, args.sup)
	end

	if args.irreg and is_superlative then
		table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " irregular superlative adjectives")
	end
end


pos_functions["adjectives"] = {
	params = {
		["inv"] = {type = "boolean"}, --invariable
		["sp"] = {}, -- special indicator: "first", "first-last", etc.
		["f"] = {list = true}, --feminine form(s)
		["pl"] = {list = true}, --plural override(s)
		["fpl"] = {list = true}, --feminine plural override(s)
		["mpl"] = {list = true}, --masculine plural override(s)
		["comp"] = {list = true}, --comparative(s)
		["sup"] = {list = true}, --comparative(s)
	},
	func = function(args, data, tracking_categories)
		return do_adjective(args, data, tracking_categories, false)
	end
}

pos_functions["comparative adjectives"] = {
	params = {
		["inv"] = {type = "boolean"}, --invariable
		["sp"] = {}, -- special indicator: "first", "first-last", etc.
		["f"] = {list = true}, --feminine form(s)
		["pl"] = {list = true}, --plural override(s)
		["fpl"] = {list = true}, --feminine plural override(s)
		["mpl"] = {list = true}, --masculine plural override(s)
	},
	func = function(args, data, tracking_categories)
		return do_adjective(args, data, tracking_categories)
	end
}

pos_functions["superlative adjectives"] = {
	params = {
		["inv"] = {type = "boolean"}, --invariable
		["sp"] = {}, -- special indicator: "first", "first-last", etc.
		["f"] = {list = true}, --feminine form(s)
		["pl"] = {list = true}, --plural override(s)
		["fpl"] = {list = true}, --feminine plural override(s)
		["mpl"] = {list = true}, --masculine plural override(s)
		["irreg"] = {type = "boolean"},
	},
	func = function(args, data, tracking_categories)
		return do_adjective(args, data, tracking_categories, true)
	end
}


-- Display information for a noun's gender
-- This is separate so that it can also be used for proper nouns
function noun_gender(args, data)
	local gender = args[1]
	table.insert(data.genders, gender)
	if #data.genders == 0 then
		table.insert(data.genders, "?")
	end
end

pos_functions["proper nouns"] = {
	params = {
		[1] = {},
		},
	func = function(args, data)
		noun_gender(args, data)
	end
}

-- Display additional inflection information for a noun
pos_functions["nouns"] = {
	params = {
		[1] = {required = true, default = "m"}, --gender
		["g2"] = {}, --second gender
		["e"] = {type = "boolean"}, --epicene
		[2] = {list = "pl"}, --plural override(s)
		["f"] = {list = true}, --feminine form(s)
		["m"] = {list = true}, --masculine form(s)
		["fpl"] = {list = true}, --feminine plural override(s)
		["mpl"] = {list = true}, --masculine plural override(s)
	},
	func = function(args, data, tracking_categories)
		local allowed_genders = {
			["m"] = true,
			["f"] = true,
			["m-p"] = true,
			["f-p"] = true,
			["mf"] = true,
			["mf-p"] = true,
			["mfbysense"] = true,
			["mfbysense-p"] = true,
		}

		local lemma = require("Module:links").remove_links(
			(#data.heads > 0 and data.heads[1]) or PAGENAME
		)

		if args[1] == "m-f" then
			args[1] = "mf"
		elseif args[1] == "mfp" or args[1] == "m-f-p" then
			args[1] = "mf-p"
		end

		if not allowed_genders[args[1]] then error("Unrecognized gender: " .. args[1]) end

		table.insert(data.genders, args[1])

		if args.g2 then table.insert(data.genders, args.g2) end

		if args["e"] then
			table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " epicene nouns")
			table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("epicene")})
		end

		local plurals = {}

		if args[1]:find("%-p$") then
			table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("plural only")})
			if #args[2] > 0 then
				error("Can't specify plurals of a plurale tantum noun")
			end
		else
			-- Gather plurals, handling requests for default plurals
			for _, pl in ipairs(args[2]) do
				if pl == "+" then
					local default_pls = make_plural(lemma)
					for _, defp in ipairs(default_pls) do
						table.insert(plurals, defp)
					end
				elseif pl == "#" then
					table.insert(plurals, lemma)
				elseif pl:find("^%+") then
					pl = get_special_indicator(pl)
					local default_pls = make_plural(lemma, pl)
					for _, defp in ipairs(default_pls) do
						table.insert(plurals, defp)
					end
				else
					table.insert(plurals, pl)
				end
			end

			-- Check for special plural signals
			local mode = nil

			if plurals[1] == "?" or plurals[1] == "!" or plurals[1] == "-" or plurals[1] == "~" then
				mode = plurals[1]
				table.remove(plurals, 1)  -- Remove the mode parameter
			end

			if mode == "?" then
				-- Plural is unknown
				table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals")
			elseif mode == "!" then
				-- Plural is not attested
				table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "plural not attested"})
				table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " nouns with unattested plurals")
				return
			elseif mode == "-" then
				-- Uncountable noun; may occasionally have a plural
				table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " uncountable nouns")

				-- If plural forms were given explicitly, then show "usually"
				if #plurals > 0 then
					table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "usually " .. glossary_link("uncountable")})
					table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " countable nouns")
				else
					table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("uncountable")})
				end
			else
				-- Countable or mixed countable/uncountable
				if #plurals == 0 then
					local pls = make_plural(lemma)
					if pls then
						for _, pl in ipairs(pls) do
							table.insert(plurals, pl)
						end
					end
				end
				if mode == "~" then
					-- Mixed countable/uncountable noun, always has a plural
					table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("countable") .. " and " .. glossary_link("uncountable")})
					table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " uncountable nouns")
					table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " countable nouns")
				else
					-- Countable nouns
					table.insert(data.categories, langname .. " countable nouns")
				end
			end
		end

		-- Gather masculines/feminines. For each one, generate the corresponding plural(s).
		local function handle_mf(mfs, inflect, default_plurals)
			local retval = {}
			for _, mf in ipairs(mfs) do
				if mf == "1" then
					track("noun-mf-1")
				end
				if mf == "1" or mf == "+" then
					-- Generate default feminine.
					mf = inflect(lemma)
				elseif mf == "#" then
					mf = lemma
				end
				local special = get_special_indicator(mf)
				if special then
					mf = inflect(lemma, special)
				end
				table.insert(retval, mf)
				local mfpls = make_plural(mf, special)
				if mfpls then
					for _, mfpl in ipairs(mfpls) do
						-- Add an accelerator for each masculine/feminine plural whose lemma
						-- is the corresponding singular, so that the accelerated entry
						-- that is generated has a definition that looks like
						-- # {{plural of|es|MFSING}}
						table.insert(default_plurals, {term = mfpl, accel = {form = "p", lemma = mf}})
					end
				end
			end
			return retval
		end

		local feminine_plurals = {}
		local feminines = handle_mf(args.f, make_feminine, feminine_plurals)
		local masculine_plurals = {}
		local masculines = handle_mf(args.m, make_masculine, masculine_plurals)

		local function handle_mf_plural(mfpl, default_plurals, singulars)
			local new_mfpls = {}
			for i, mfpl in ipairs(mfpl) do
				local accel
				if #mfpl == #singulars then
					-- If same number of overriding masculine/feminine plurals as singulars,
					-- assume each plural goes with the corresponding singular
					-- and use each corresponding singular as the lemma in the accelerator.
					-- The generated entry will have # {{plural of|es|SINGULAR}} as the
					-- definition.
					accel = {form = "p", lemma = singulars[i]}
				else
					accel = nil
				end
				if mfpl == "+" then
					for _, defpl in ipairs(default_plurals) do
						-- defpl is already a table
						table.insert(new_mfpls, defpl)
					end
				elseif mfpl == "#" then
					table.insert(new_mfpls, {term = lemma, accel = accel})
				elseif mfpl:find("^%+") then
					mfpl = get_special_indicator(mfpl)
					for _, mf in ipairs(singulars) do
						local default_mfpls = make_plural(mf, mfpl)
						for _, defp in ipairs(default_mfpls) do
							table.insert(new_mfpls, {term = defp, accel = accel})
						end
					end
				else
					table.insert(new_mfpls, {term = mfpl, accel = accel})
				end
			end
			return new_mfpls
		end

		if #args.fpl > 0 then
			-- Override any existing feminine plurals.
			feminine_plurals = handle_mf_plural(args.fpl, feminine_plurals, feminines)
		end

		if #args.mpl > 0 then
			-- Override any existing masculine plurals.
			masculine_plurals = handle_mf_plural(args.mpl, masculine_plurals, masculines)
		end

		check_all_missing(plurals, "nouns", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(feminines, "nouns", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(feminine_plurals, "nouns", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(masculines, "nouns", tracking_categories)
		check_all_missing(masculine_plurals, "nouns", tracking_categories)

		local function redundant_plural(pl)
			for _, p in ipairs(plurals) do
				if p == pl then
					return true
				end
			end
			return false
		end

		for _, mpl in ipairs(masculine_plurals) do
			if redundant_plural(mpl) then
				track("noun-redundant-mpl")
			end
		end

		for _, fpl in ipairs(feminine_plurals) do
			if redundant_plural(fpl) then
				track("noun-redundant-fpl")
			end
		end

		if #plurals > 0 then
			plurals.label = "plural"
			plurals.accel = {form = "p"}
			table.insert(data.inflections, plurals)
		end

		if #feminines > 0 then
			feminines.label = "feminine"
			feminines.accel = {form = "f"}
			table.insert(data.inflections, feminines)
		end

		if #feminine_plurals > 0 then
			feminine_plurals.label = "feminine plural"
			table.insert(data.inflections, feminine_plurals)
		end

		if #masculines > 0 then
			masculines.label = "masculine"
			table.insert(data.inflections, masculines)
		end

		if #masculine_plurals > 0 then
			masculine_plurals.label = "masculine plural"
			table.insert(data.inflections, masculine_plurals)
		end
	end
}


pos_functions["verbs"] = {
	params = {
		["pres"] = {list = true}, --present
		["pret"] = {list = true}, --preterite
		["part"] = {list = true}, --participle
	},
	func = function(args, data, tracking_categories)
		local lemma = require("Module:links").remove_links(data.heads[1] or PAGENAME)
		local refl_clitic_verb, post = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)( .*)$")
		if not refl_clitic_verb then
			refl_clitic_verb, post = lemma, ""
		end
		local refl_verb, clitic = rmatch(refl_clitic_verb, "^(.-)(l[ao]s?)$")
		if not refl_verb then
			refl_verb, clitic = refl_clitic_verb, nil
		end
		local verb, refl = rmatch(refl_verb, "^(.-)(se)$")
		if not refl_verb then
			verb, refl = refl_verb, nil
		end
		local base, suffix_vowel = rmatch(verb, "^(.-)([aeiáéí])r$")
		if not base then
			error("Unrecognized verb '" .. verb .. "'")
		end
		local suffix = (remove_stress[suffix_vowel] or suffix_vowel) .. "r"
		local def_pres
		if suffix == "ar" then
			def_pres = base .. "o"
		elseif base:find("c$") then
			def_pres = rsub(base, "c$", "zco") -- parecer -> parezco, aducir -> aduzco
		elseif base:find("qu$") then
			def_pres = rsub(base, "qu$", "co") -- delinquir -> delinco
		elseif base:find("g$") then
			def_pres = rsub(base, "g$", "jo") -- coger -> cojo, afligir -> aflijo
		elseif base:find("gu$") then
			def_pres = rsub(base, "gu$", "go") -- distinguir -> distingo
		elseif base:find("u$") then
			def_pres = base .. "yo" -- concluir -> concluyo
		elseif base:find("ü$") then
			def_pres = rsub(base, "ü$", "uyo") -- argüir -> arguyo
		else
			def_pres = base .. "o"
		end
		local def_pret
		if suffix == "ar" then
			def_pret = base .. "é"
			def_pret = rsub(def_pret, "gué$", "güé") -- averiguar -> averigüé
			def_pret = rsub(def_pret, "gé$", "gué") -- cargar -> cargué
			def_pret = rsub(def_pret, "cé$", "qué") -- marcar -> marqué
			def_pret = rsub(def_pret, "[çz]é$", "cé") -- aderezar/adereçar -> aderecé
		else
			def_pret = base .. "í"
		end
		local def_part
		if suffix == "ar" then
			def_part = base .. "ado"
		else
			def_part = base .. "ido"
		end
		-- FIXME: Finish me. Not done.
	end
}


return export