萬

See also: 万

萬 U+842C, 萬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-842C ← 萫 [U+842B] CJK Unified Ideographs 萭 → [U+842D]

Translingual

Japanese	万
Simplified	万
Traditional	萬

Han character

萬 (Kangxi radical 114, 禸+8, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 4442₇, composition ⿱艹禺)

Derived characters

• 㒖, 噧, 𫮮, 𡽇, 𢶯, 澫, 𤢥, 𦼌, 𣜜, 燤, 𤛶, 邁, 𥖣, 𥜍, 䊪, 𬚑, 蠇, 䜕, 贎, 𧾗, 𨆣, 𨲴, 𨭬, 𬒪, 𫙽, 𪒪, 勱
• 厲, 𫴆, 𭙿, 癘, 𨷈, 𥍈, 蠆, 躉

Related characters

• 万 (Japanese shinjitai and Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1042, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
• Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3247, character 8
• Unihan data for U+842C

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Chinese

trad.		萬
simp.		万*
alternative forms		㸘 𤍚 𢁭 𥝄 𥝅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 萬
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
糲	*m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	*m·raːds, *m·rads
噧	*hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	*m·rads, *mlans
萬	*mlans

This character has lost its original meaning of “scorpion”. The derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.

Etymology

“scorpion”

See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).

“religious dance; sorcery”

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”).

“myriad; ten thousand”

Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 萬

1. ^† Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
2. (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
3. myriad, ten thousand, 10000

   萬歲／万岁  ―  wànsuì  ―  ten thousand years; hooray; long live

4. (figurative) a great number
5. innumerable; numerous
6. very; extremely; absolutely
7. a surname

See also

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	106	108	1012
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩／两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (萬):

• → Japanese: 万(まん) (man, “ten thousand”); 万(ばん) (ban)
• → Korean: 만(萬) (man, “ten thousand”)
• → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, “ten thousand”)

Others:

• , Wanq (surname)
• → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
• → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
• → Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun, “thousand”)
• → Middle Mongol: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”)
  • → English: tumen (“an army unit of 10,000 soldiers, among the ancient Mongols”)
  • Khalkha Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡ (tüme) / түм (tüm)
  • → Persian: تومان (tumân)
    • → English: toman (“former currency of Iran”)
  • → Russian: Тюмень (Tjumenʹ, “Tyumen”)
    • → English: Tyumen (“city in Russia”)
• → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)
• → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
• → Proto-Tocharian:
  • Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)
  • Tocharian B: t(u)māne; t_(u)māne; ten thousand, a myriad
• → Proto-Tungusic:
  • Manchu: ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ (tumen, “ten thousand”)
    • → Chinese: 圖們／图们 (Túmén, “Tumen, city in China”), 圖們江／图们江 (Túmén Jiāng, “Tumen River, boundary river between China, North Korea and Russia”)
      • → English: Tumen (“city in China”)
      • → Korean: 도문 (圖們, Domun, “Tumen”)
    • → Middle Korean: 투먼〮가ᇰ (Thwùmén-kàng, “Tumen River”)
      • → Korean: 두만강 (豆滿江, Duman'gang, “Tumen River”)
• → Proto-Turkic: *Tümen (“ten thousand; an infinitely large number”)
  • Turkish: tümen (“ten thousand”)
• → Vietnamese: muôn (𨷈, “ten thousand; all, many”), man (“ten thousand”)
• → Zhuang: fanh (“ten thousand”)

References

• “萬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #9891”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	万
Kyūjitai	萬

Kanji

萬

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 万)

1. ten thousand

Readings

• Go-on: もん (mon)
• Kan-on: ばん (ban)
• Kan’yō-on: まん (man)
• Kun: よろず (yorozu, 萬)^{←よろづ (yorodu, 萬, historical)}
• Nanori: かず (kazu)、かつ (katsu)、すすむ (susumu)、たか (taka)、つむ (tsumu)、つもる (tsumoru)、ま (ma)、ゆる (yuru)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 萬(マン)子(ズ) (manzu), 萬(ワン)子(ズ) (wanzu)
• 一(イー)萬(ワン) (īwan)
• 二(リャン)萬(ワン) (ryanwan)
• 三(サン)萬(ワン) (sanwan)
• 四(スー)萬(ワン) (sūwan)
• 五(ウー)萬(ワン) (ūwan)
• 六(リュー)萬(ワン) (ryūwan), 六(ロー)萬(ワン) (rōwan)
• 七(チー)萬(ワン) (chīwan)
• 八(パー)萬(ワン) (pāwan)
• 九(チュー)萬(ワン) (chūwan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
萬
よろず Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

⟨yo₂ro₂du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See 万 for more senses.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
萬
ばん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). See 万 for more senses.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
萬
まん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Likely a shift from ban above. See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

1. a female given name

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	먼〮 (Yale: mén)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	일〮만〯 (Yale: íl-mǎn)	만〯 (Yale: mǎn)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠(ː)n]
• Phonetic hangul: [만(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man))

1. hanja form^? of 만 (“ten thousand”)
2. hanja form^? of 만 (“myriad”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 만우 (萬有, manu)
• 만국 (萬國, man'guk)
• 만약 (萬若, manyak)
• 만능 (萬能, manneung)
• 만세 (萬歲, manse)
• 만물 (萬物, manmul)
• 만억 (萬億, maneok, “trillion”)
• 만우절 (萬愚節, manujeol, “April Fools' Day”)
• 만년필 (萬年筆, mannyeonpil)
• 만리장성 (萬里長城, Mallijangseong)
• 만유인력 (萬有引力, manyuillyeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

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Vietnamese

Han character

萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn, muôn
萬: Nôm readings: vạn, vàn, mại, vẹn, muôn

Noun

萬

1. chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”).

Derived terms

• 千變萬化 (thiên biến vạn hóa/thiên biến vạn hoá)
• 萬不得以 (vạn bất đắc dĩ)
• 萬不得已 (vạn bất đắc dĩ)
• 萬事 (vạn sự)
• 萬事如意 (vạn sự như ý)
• 萬壽 (vạn thọ)
• 萬字 (chữ vạn)
• 萬歲 (vạn tuế)
• 萬歲 (vạn tuế)
• 萬物 (vạn vật)
• 萬能 (vạn năng)
• 萬里長城 (Vạn Lí Trường Thành)
• 鏡萬華 (kính vạn hoa)