Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weys-: difference between revisions

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weys-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to raise, increase
to produce, procreate

Derived terms

*wéys-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wéištei
  - Latvian: viest (“rear, raise, increase”)
  - Lithuanian: veĩsti (“to breed, rear”)
*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati
  - Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati^[4]
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝 (vōiždat̰, “to raise”)
- ⇒ *wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti (athematic root present)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždᶻdʰi
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáyḍḍʰi
      - Sanskrit: विड्ढि (viḍḍhí, “to labour, produce”, 2sg.imp.)
*wis-né-s-ti ~ *wis-n̥-s-én-ti (nasal-infix)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: vìsti (“to multiply, breed”)
*wis-h₁yé-ti^[2]
- Proto-Italic: *wiseō
  - Latin: vireō (“to be green, fresh”)
*wí-weys-ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíwayšti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíwayṣṭi
    - Sanskrit: विवेष्टि (víveṣṭi, “to labour, produce”)

*woys-ó-s (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Albanian: *waiša
  - Albanian: vesh m (“grape, wine grape”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *waišāˀ
  - Lithuanian: vaĩsius (“fruit”)
  - Old Prussian: wēisin (“fruit”, acc.sg.)
  - Proto-Slavic: *věxà (“straw bundle”)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *waisō (“sprout, stem”)^[5]
  - Old English: wīse
  - Old Saxon:
    - Middle Low German: wēse
    - ⇒ Old Saxon: wiska
      - Middle Low German: wische
  - Old Dutch:
    - Middle Dutch: wese
  - Old High German: wīsa
    - Middle Low German: wese
      - German: Wiese
  - Old Norse: vísir
    - Norwegian: veis

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 672
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 672

[Cheung-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416

[HGE-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

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@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 *** {{desc|lt|veĩsti|t=to breed, rear}}
 * {{l|ine-pro||*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti|pos=dʰh₁e-present}}<ref name="Cheung" />
-** {{l|ine-pro||*wéysdʰh₁-e-ti}}
+** {{desc|iir-pro|*wáyždʰHati}}
+*** {{desc|ira-pro|*wáyždHati}}<ref name="Cheung">{{R:ira:Cheung:2007|head=*u̯aižd|page=416}}</ref>
-*** {{desc|iir-pro|*wáyždʰHati}}
+**** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝|t=to raise}}
-**** {{desc|ira-pro|*wáyždHati}}<ref name="Cheung">{{R:ira:Cheung:2007|head=*u̯aižd|page=416}}</ref>
-***** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝|t=to raise}}
 ** ⇒ {{l|ine-pro||*wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti|pos=athematic root present}}
 *** {{desc|iir-pro|*wáyždᶻdʰi}}