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{{also|Leiden}}
{{also|Leiden}}

==Dutch==
==Dutch==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|nl|dum|leiden}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|leiden}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*laidijaną}}.
From {{inh|nl|dum|leiden}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|leiden}}, from {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*laidijan}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*laidijaną}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|lang=nl|/ˈlɛi̯də(n)/}}
* {{IPA|nl|/ˈlɛi̯də(n)/}}
* {{rhymes|ɛi̯dən|lang=nl}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɛi̯dən|s=2}}
* {{audio|Nl-leiden.ogg|Audio|lang=nl}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-leiden.ogg}}
* {{homophones|lang=nl|lijden|Leiden}}
* {{homophones|nl|lijden|Leiden}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 19: Line 20:
#: {{ux|nl|Alle wegen '''leiden''' naar Rome.|All roads '''lead''' to Rome.}}
#: {{ux|nl|Alle wegen '''leiden''' naar Rome.|All roads '''lead''' to Rome.}}


====Inflection====
====Conjugation====
{{nl-conj-wk|leid}}
{{nl-conj-wk|leid}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|leider}}
{{col-auto|nl|title=nouns
|leider
* {{l|nl|leiding}}
|leiding
* {{l|nl|afleiden}}
|leidraad
* {{l|nl|geleiden}}
}}
* {{l|nl|herleiden}}

* {{l|nl|omleiden}}
* {{l|nl|opleiden}}
{{col-auto|nl|title=verbs
|aaneenleiden
* {{l|nl|verleiden}}
|aanleiden
* {{l|nl|wegleiden}}
|achterafleiden
* {{l|nl|voorleiden}}
|afleiden
* {{l|nl|leidraad}}
|beleiden
|bijeenleiden
|binnenleiden
|bovenleiden
|buitenleiden
|de dans leiden
|dichtleiden
|doorleiden
|geleiden
|heenleiden
|herleiden
|inleiden
|medeleiden
|meeleiden
|misleiden
|naleiden
|nederleiden
|neerleiden
|om de tuin leiden
|omhoogleiden
|omlaagleiden
|omleiden
|onderleiden
|ontleiden
|opleiden
|opzijleiden
|overleiden
|platleiden
|rondleiden
|tegenleiden
|terechtleiden
|terugleiden
|toeleiden
|uiteenleiden
|uitleiden
|vastleiden
|verderleiden
|verleiden
|voorbijleiden
|voorleiden
|vooropleiden
|vooroverleiden
|voortleiden
|vooruitleiden
|wederleiden
|wederomleiden
|weerleiden
|wegleiden
}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|af|lei}}
* {{desc|dcr|lei}}
* {{desc|pap|lei|bor=1}} {{q|dated}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|deel in}}, {{l|nl|dele in}}, {{l|nl|indeel}}, {{l|nl|indele}}, {{l|nl|lieden}}
* {{l|nl|deel in}}, {{l|nl|dele in}}, {{l|nl|indeel}}, {{l|nl|indele}}, {{l|nl|lieden}}

----


==Finnish==
==Finnish==
Line 47: Line 100:
{{head|fi|noun form}}
{{head|fi|noun form}}


# {{fi-form of|case=genitive|pl=plural|lei}}
# {{infl of|fi|lei||gen|p}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
Line 54: Line 107:
{{head|fi|noun form}}
{{head|fi|noun form}}


# {{fi-form of|case=genitive|pl=plural|lee}}
# {{infl of|fi|lee||gen|p}}


===Anagrams===
----
* {{anagrams|fi|a=deeiln|lieden}}


==German==
==German==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|de|laiden||obsolete}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|de|gmh|līden}}, from {{inh|de|goh|līdan}}, from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*līþaną}}. Cognate with {{cog|nl|lijden}}, {{cog|en|lithe}}. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of the originally unrelated noun {{m|de|Leid|t=sorrow}}, which is cognate with {{cog|en|loath}}.
From {{inh|de|gmh|līden}}, from {{inh|de|goh|līdan}}, from {{inh|de|gmw-pro|*līþan}}, from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*līþaną}}. Cognate with {{cog|nl|lijden}}, {{cog|en|lithe}}. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of {{der|de|gmh|leiden|t=to be sorry, suffer, be hated}}, from {{der|de|goh|leidēn}}, from {{der|de|gmw-pro|*laiþijan}}, and also the originally unrelated noun {{m|de|Leid|t=sorrow}}, which is cognate with {{cog|en|loath}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/ˈlaɪ̯dən/|[ˈlaɪ̯dn̩]|lang=de}}
* {{IPA|de|/ˈlaɪ̯dən/|[ˈlaɪ̯dn̩]}}
* {{audio|De-leiden.ogg|audio|lang=de}}
* {{audio|de|De-leiden.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-leiden2.ogg}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{de-verb-strong|class=1|leidet|litt|gelitten|past subjunctive=litte}}
{{de-verb|leiden<litt,gelitten>}}


# {{lb|de|transitive}} to [[bear]]; to [[endure]]; to [[undergo]] (some hardship)
# {{lb|de|intransitive}} to [[suffer]], to experience [[pain]], [[sorrow]], etc.
#: {{ux|de|Lerne '''leiden''' ohne zu klagen.|Learn '''to suffer''' without complaining.}}
#: {{ux|de|Lerne '''leiden''' ohne zu klagen.|Learn '''to suffer''' without complaining.}}
# {{lb|de|intransitive}} to [[suffer]]; to feel [[pain]]
# {{lb|de|transitive}} to [[suffer]], [[bear]], [[endure]], [[undergo]], [[experience]] (some hardship)
#: {{ux|de|Er '''litt''' höllische Qualen.|He '''suffered''' hellish torment.}}
# {{lb|de|intransitive}} to [[suffer]] (from; a disease)
# {{lb|de|intransitive}} to [[suffer]] {{+obj|de|:an(dat)<from a disease or condition>}}
#* '''2012''' April 20, ''{{w|Die Welt}}'' [http://epaper.apps.welt.de/welt/archiv/], page 22:
#: {{ux|de|Die Gefangenen '''leiden''' an Unterernährung.|The prisoners '''suffer''' from malnutrition.}}
#*: Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung '''leiden'''.
#*:: By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
#* {{quote-journal|1=de|date=April 20 2012|journal=w:Die Welt|url=http://epaper.apps.welt.de/welt/archiv|page=22|passage=Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung '''leiden'''.|t=By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.|accessdate=4 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412065211/http://epaper.apps.welt.de/welt/archiv|archivedate=12 April 2013}}
# {{lb|de|transitive|chiefly in the negative}} to [[like]], [[tolerate]]
#: {{ux|de|Ich kann ihn einfach nicht '''leiden'''!|I just can't '''stand''' him!}}


====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====
{{de-conj-strong|leid|litt|gelitten|h|e|||a}}
{{de-conj|leiden<litt,gelitten>}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{der3|de
* [[durchleiden]]
|durchleiden
* [[erleiden]]
|erleiden
* [[Leiden]]
|Leiden
* [[Leidenschaft]]
|Leidenschaft
* [[mitleiden]]
|mitleiden
* [[verleiden]]
|verleiden
}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* [[Leid]] {{q|this and the following are related by secondary association only}}
* {{l|de|Leid}} {{q|this and the following are related by secondary association only}}
* [[leid]]
* {{l|de|leid}}
* [[leider]]
* {{l|de|leider}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|csb|lëdac|bor=1}}


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
* {{R:DWDS}}
* {{R:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:OpenThesaurus}}

----


==Luxembourgish==
==Luxembourgish==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|lb|goh|līdan}}, from {{inh|lb|gem-pro|*līþaną}}. Cognate with {{cog|de|leiden}}, {{cog|nl|lijden}}, {{cog|en|lithe}}, {{cog|is|líða}}. Related to {{m|lb|leeden}}.
From {{inh|lb|gmh|līden}}, from {{inh|lb|goh|līdan}}, from {{inh|lb|gmw-pro|*līþan}}, from {{inh|lb|gem-pro|*līþaną}}.
Cognate with {{cog|de|leiden}}, {{cog|nl|lijden}}, {{cog|en|lithe}}, {{cog|is|líða}}. Related to {{m|lb|leeden}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/ˈlɑɪ̯dən/|lang=lb}}
* {{IPA|lb|/ˈlɑɪ̯dən/}}
* {{rhymes|ɑɪdən|lang=lb}}
* {{rhymes|lb|ɑɪdən}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 122: Line 190:
====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* {{l|lb|Leed}}
* {{l|lb|Leed}}

----


==Middle Dutch==
==Middle Dutch==


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|dum|odt|leiden}}, from {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*laidijaną}}.
From {{inh|dum|odt|leiden}}, from {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*laidijan}}, from {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*laidijaną}}.


====Verb====
====Verb====
Line 144: Line 210:
=====Descendants=====
=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|nl|leiden}}
* {{desc|nl|leiden}}
* {{desc|li|leide}}, {{l|li|leie}}, {{l|li|lèèje}}
** {{desc|af|lei}}
* {{desc|li|leide|leie|lèèje}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|dum|odt|*Lagiþon}}, of {{der|dum|gem|-}} origin, from a derivative of {{der|dum|gmw-pro|*lagu|t=water}}.<ref>{{R:nl:Etymologiebank|leiden2}}</ref> Not related to {{m|la|Lugdunum}}, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.
{{rfe|dum}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
{{dum-noun}}
{{dum-noun}}


# {{place|dum|t1=Leiden|city}}
# {{place|dum|t1=Leiden|city|in the modern|c/Netherlands}}


=====Inflection=====
=====Inflection=====
Line 159: Line 226:
=====Descendants=====
=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|nl|Leiden}}
* {{desc|nl|Leiden}}

====References====
<references/>


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
Line 164: Line 234:
* {{R:VMNW|ID69623|III}}
* {{R:VMNW|ID69623|III}}
* {{R:MNW|25532|I}}
* {{R:MNW|25532|I}}

----


==Old Dutch==
==Old Dutch==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|odt|gem-pro|*laidijaną}}.
From {{inh|odt|gmw-pro|*laidijan}}, from {{inh|odt|gem-pro|*laidijaną}}.


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 178: Line 246:


====Inflection====
====Inflection====
{{odt-conj-wk1|leid}}
{{rfinfl|odt|verb}}{{cln|odt|class 1 weak verbs}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====

Latest revision as of 03:05, 1 October 2024

See also: Leiden

Dutch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

leiden

  1. (transitive) to lead, to take the lead
  2. (transitive) to guide
  3. (intransitive) to lead, to go, to follow a path to
    Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.
    All roads lead to Rome.

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of leiden (weak)
infinitive leiden
past singular leidde
past participle geleid
infinitive leiden
gerund leiden n
present tense past tense
1st person singular leid leidde
2nd person sing. (jij) leidt, leid2 leidde
2nd person sing. (u) leidt leidde
2nd person sing. (gij) leidt leidde
3rd person singular leidt leidde
plural leiden leidden
subjunctive sing.1 leide leidde
subjunctive plur.1 leiden leidden
imperative sing. leid
imperative plur.1 leidt
participles leidend geleid
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

[edit]
nouns
verbs

Descendants

[edit]
  • Afrikaans: lei
  • Negerhollands: lei
  • → Papiamentu: lei (dated)

Anagrams

[edit]

Finnish

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

leiden

  1. genitive plural of lei

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

leiden

  1. genitive plural of lee

Anagrams

[edit]

German

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. Cognate with Dutch lijden, English lithe. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of Middle High German leiden (“to be sorry, suffer, be hated”), from Old High German leidēn, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþijan, and also the originally unrelated noun Leid (“sorrow”), which is cognate with English loath.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

leiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present leidet, past tense litt, past participle gelitten, auxiliary haben)

  1. (intransitive) to suffer, to experience pain, sorrow, etc.
    Lerne leiden ohne zu klagen.
    Learn to suffer without complaining.
  2. (transitive) to suffer, bear, endure, undergo, experience (some hardship)
    Er litt höllische Qualen.
    He suffered hellish torment.
  3. (intransitive) to suffer [with an (+ dative) ‘from a disease or condition’]
    Die Gefangenen leiden an Unterernährung.
    The prisoners suffer from malnutrition.
    • 2012 April 20, Die Welt‎[1], archived from the original on 12 April 2013, page 22:
      Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung leiden.
      By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
  4. (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to like, tolerate
    Ich kann ihn einfach nicht leiden!
    I just can't stand him!

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of leiden (class 1 strong, auxiliary haben)
infinitive leiden
present participle leidend
past participle gelitten
auxiliary haben
indicative subjunctive
singular plural singular plural
present ich leide wir leiden i ich leide wir leiden
du leidest ihr leidet du leidest ihr leidet
er leidet sie leiden er leide sie leiden
preterite ich litt wir litten ii ich litte1 wir litten1
du littest
du littst 		ihr littet du littest1 ihr littet1
er litt sie litten er litte1 sie litten1
imperative leid (du)
leide (du) 		leidet (ihr)

1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

Composed forms of leiden (class 1 strong, auxiliary haben)
perfect
singular plural singular plural
indicative ich habe gelitten wir haben gelitten subjunctive ich habe gelitten wir haben gelitten
du hast gelitten ihr habt gelitten du habest gelitten ihr habet gelitten
er hat gelitten sie haben gelitten er habe gelitten sie haben gelitten
pluperfect
indicative ich hatte gelitten wir hatten gelitten subjunctive ich hätte gelitten wir hätten gelitten
du hattest gelitten ihr hattet gelitten du hättest gelitten ihr hättet gelitten
er hatte gelitten sie hatten gelitten er hätte gelitten sie hätten gelitten
future i
infinitive leiden werden subjunctive i ich werde leiden wir werden leiden
du werdest leiden ihr werdet leiden
er werde leiden sie werden leiden
indicative ich werde leiden wir werden leiden subjunctive ii ich würde leiden wir würden leiden
du wirst leiden ihr werdet leiden du würdest leiden ihr würdet leiden
er wird leiden sie werden leiden er würde leiden sie würden leiden
future ii
infinitive gelitten haben werden subjunctive i ich werde gelitten haben wir werden gelitten haben
du werdest gelitten haben ihr werdet gelitten haben
er werde gelitten haben sie werden gelitten haben
indicative ich werde gelitten haben wir werden gelitten haben subjunctive ii ich würde gelitten haben wir würden gelitten haben
du wirst gelitten haben ihr werdet gelitten haben du würdest gelitten haben ihr würdet gelitten haben
er wird gelitten haben sie werden gelitten haben er würde gelitten haben sie würden gelitten haben

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]
  • Leid (this and the following are related by secondary association only)
  • leid
  • leider

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “leiden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “leiden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “leiden” in Duden online
  • “leiden” in OpenThesaurus.de

Luxembourgish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną.

Cognate with German leiden, Dutch lijden, English lithe, Icelandic líða. Related to leeden.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

leiden (third-person singular present leit, past participle gelidden, auxiliary verb hunn)

  1. (intransitive) to suffer, to feel pain
  2. (transitive) to bear, to suffer, to endure

Conjugation

[edit]
Regular
infinitive leiden
participle gelidden
auxiliary hunn
present
indicative 		imperative
1st singular leiden —
2nd singular leits leit
3rd singular leit —
1st plural leiden —
2nd plural leit leit
3rd plural leiden —
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Middle Dutch

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Verb

[edit]

leiden

  1. to lead, to bring
  2. to lead, to guide, to conduct
Inflection
[edit]
Weak
Infinitive leiden
3rd sg. past —
3rd pl. past —
Past participle —
Infinitive leiden
In genitive leidens
In dative leidene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular leide —
2nd singular leits, leides —
3rd singular leit, leidet —
1st plural leiden —
2nd plural leit, leidet —
3rd plural leiden —
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular leide —
2nd singular leits, leides —
3rd singular leide —
1st plural leiden —
2nd plural leit, leidet —
3rd plural leiden —
Imperative Present
Singular leit, leide
Plural leit, leidet
Present Past
Participle leidende —
Alternative forms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (“water”).[1] Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.

Noun

[edit]

leiden ?

  1. Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)
Inflection
[edit]

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Further reading

[edit]

Old Dutch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Verb

[edit]

leiden

  1. to lead, to bring

Inflection

[edit]
Conjugation of leiden (weak class 1)
infinitive leiden
indicative present past
1st person singular leido, leidon leidida
2nd person singular leidis, leidist leididos
3rd person singular leidit leidida
1st person plural leiden leididun
2nd person plural leidit leididut
3rd person plural leident leididun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular leide leididi
2nd person singular leides, leidest leididis
3rd person singular leide leididi
1st person plural leiden leididin
2nd person plural leidet leididit
3rd person plural leiden leididin
imperative present
singular leidi
plural leidit
participle present past
leidendi leidit, gileidit

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “lēden”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
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