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{{also|-each}}
==English==
==English==


===Alternative forms===
{{rank|always|another|right|172|each|between|face|tell}}
* {{alter |en |aich |q1=England |aitch |q2=England, obsolete |eache |q3=obsolete |eatch |q4=obsolete |eatche |q5=obsolete |ech |q6=obsolete |eche |q7=obsolete |eich |q8=obsolete |etch |q9=England, obsolete |eych |q10=England, obsolete |eyche |q11=England, obsolete |yeach |q12=England, obsolete}}

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂ey-|id1=life|*kʷ-|*leyg-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|eche}}, from {{inh|en|ang|ǣlċ}}, contraction of {{m|ang|ǣġhwelċ}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*aiwgahwalīk|t=each, every}}. Compare {{cog|sco|ilk}}, {{m|sco|elk|t=each, every}}, {{cog|stq|älk|t=each}}, {{cog|fy|elk}}, {{m|fy|elts|t=each}}, {{cog|nl|elk|t=each}}, {{cog|nds|elk}}, {{m|nds|ellik|t=each}}, {{cog|nds-de|elk}}, {{m|nds-de|elke|t=each, every}}, {{cog|de|jeglicher|t=any}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
*{{audio|en-us-each.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{IPA|en|/iːt͡ʃ/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/it͡ʃ/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-each.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːtʃ|s=1}}


===Adjective===
===Determiner===
{{en-det}}
'''each'''


# [[all|All]]; [[every]]; {{non-gloss definition|qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare {{m|en|every}})}}.
#[[Every]]; every one; [[all]] of two or more objects
#:''Make sure you wash '''each''' bowl well.''
#: {{ux|en|Make sure you wash '''each''' bowl well.}}
#: {{ux|en|The sun comes up '''each''' morning and sets '''each''' night.}}
#[[For]] [[one]]; [[per]]
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-07-19|author=[http://www.theguardian.com/profile/iansample Ian Sample]
#:''The apples cost 50 cents '''each'''.''
|volume=189|issue=6|page=34|magazine=w:The Guardian Weekly
|title=[http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jul/08/irregular-bedtimes-affect-childrens-brains Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains]
|passage=Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits.  ¶ Going to bed at a different time '''each''' night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.}}

====Usage notes====
* {{sense|all, every}} The phrase beginning with {{m|en|each}} identifies a set of items wherein the words following {{m|en|each}} identify the individual elements by their shared characteristics. The phrase is grammatically singular in number, so if the phrase is the subject of a sentence, its verb is conjugated into a third-person singular form. Similarly, any pronouns that refer to the noun phrase are singular:
*: {{ux|en|'''Each''' candidate '''has''' 49 votes.}}
*: {{ux|en|'''Each''' voter must decide for '''herself'''.}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|each and every}}
* {{l|en|each other}}
* {{l|en|to each his own}}


====Translations====
====Translations====
{{trans-top|every}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|elke}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|çdo}}
* American Sign Language: {{t|ase|OpenA@NearPalm-ThumbUp-OpenA@CenterChesthigh-ThumbUp RoundVert OpenA@FromUlnarPalm-ThumbAcross-OpenA@CenterChesthigh-ThumbUp}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|كُلّ}}
*: Moroccan Arabic: {{t|ary|كل}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ամեն}}, {{t+|hy|յուրաքանչյուր}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|hər}}, {{t+|az|hərə}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|һәр}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|ко́жны}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|হর}}, {{t+|bn|কুল}}, {{t+|bn|তামাম}}
* Bikol Central: {{t+|bcl|lambang}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|все́ки|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cada}}, {{t|ca|cada un|alt=cada un de}}, {{t+|ca|cadascun|alt=cadascun de}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|每|tr=měi}}, {{t+|cmn|各|tr=gè}}, {{t+|cmn|每隔|tr=měigé}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|každý|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|hver}}, {{t+|da|alle}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|elk}}, {{t+|nl|ieder}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|ĉiu}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|kõik}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jokainen}}, {{t+|fi|kaikki}}, {{t+|fi|kukin}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chaque}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|cada}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ყოველი}}, {{t|ka|თითოეული}}
* German: {{t+|de|alle}}, {{t+|de|jeder}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|έκαστος|s}}, {{t+|el|κάθε}}, {{t|el|κάθε ένας}}, {{t+|el|καθένας}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἕκαστος}}
* Guaraní: {{t|gn|peteĩteĩ}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|chak}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|हर}}, {{t|hi|एक-एक}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|minden}}, {{t+|hu|mindegyik}}, {{t+|hu|minden egyes}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|singla}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|setiap}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|cata}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|gach}}, {{t|ga|gach uile}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|ogni}} {{qualifier|adjective}}, {{t+|it|ognuno}} {{qualifier|pronoun}}, {{t+|it|ciascuno}} {{qualifier|pronoun}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|それぞれ|tr=sorezore no|alt=それぞれの}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|នីមួយៗ|tr=niimuəy-niimuəy|sc=Khmr}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|각각-의}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|ھەریەک}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|her}}, {{t|kmr|heryek}}, {{t+|kmr|hertişt}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ທຸກ}}, {{t|lo|ແຕ່ລະ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|uterque}}, {{t+|la|unusquisque}}, {{t+|la|quisque}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|katrs|m}}, {{t|lv|katra|f}}
* Lezgi: {{t|lez|гьар}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|kiekvienas|m}}, {{t|lt|kiekviena|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|секој}}
* Malay:
*: Rumi: {{t+|ms|setiap}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ഓരോ}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|प्रत्येक}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|ech}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|châque}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|alle}}, {{t+|no|alt}}, {{t+|no|enhver}}, {{t|no|hver enkelt}}
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|hver}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|kvar}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|ǣlċ}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|هر يو|tr=har yaw}}, {{t|ps|هر|tr=har}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|هر یک}}, {{t+|fa|هر|tr=har}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|każdy}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cada}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|fiecare}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ка́ждый}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gach}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|сваки}}
*: Roman: {{t|sh|svaki}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|každý}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|vsak}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|kuždy}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cada}}, {{t|es|cada uno}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|kila}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|alla}}, {{t+|sv|varje}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|ஒவ்வொரு}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|ప్రతి}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ทุก}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|artsa}}, {{t|txb|po}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|her}}, {{t+|tr|her biri}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|ко́жний|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|ہر}} (har)
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|hàng}}, {{t+|vi|từng}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|tchaeke|m|f}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|pob}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|יעדער}}, {{t|yi|איטלעך}}
* Zazaki: {{t+|zza|her}}, {{t|zza|herg}}
{{trans-bottom}}


{{checktrans-top}}
*Esperanto: [[ĉiu]] (1), [[po]] (''e.g.'', [[po]] [[dek]] [[cendo]]j, ''ten cents each'') (2)
* Korean: {{t+check|ko|모든}}
*French: [[chaque]] (1), [[chacun]] (2)
{{trans-bottom}}
*Swedish: [[varje]] (1), [[var]] (2)

===Adverb===
{{en-adv|-}}

# [[for|For]] [[one]]; [[apiece]]; [[per]].
#: {{ux|en|The apples cost 50 cents '''each'''.}}
# [[individually|Individually]]; [[separately]]; {{non-gloss definition|used in a sentence with a plural subject to indicate that the action or state described by the verb applies to all members of the described group individually, rather than collectively to the entire group}}.
#: {{ux|en|We ordered half a chicken '''each''', but we '''each''' got a whole one.}}
#: {{ux|en|You are '''each''' right in a different way.}}
#: {{ux|en|There are three of us and we have five dollars '''each''', so that means we've got 15 dollars.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|apiece}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|յուրաքանչյուր}}
* Bikol Central: {{t+|bcl|lambang}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|hver}}
* Esperanto: {{qualifier|''e.g.'', [[po]] [[dek]] [[cendo]]j, ''ten cents each''}} {{t+|eo|po}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|kõik}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kappale}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chacun}}
* German: {{t+|de|jeweils}}
* Hungarian: {{q|for each, piecemeal}} {{t+|hu|egyenként}}, {{t+|hu|darabonként}}; {{q|per}} {{t+|hu|-nként}}/{{t|hu|-enként}}/{{t|hu|-onként}}/{{t|hu|-anként}}/{{t|hu|-önként}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ແຕ່ລະ}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|प्रत्येकी}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|per stykk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|per stykk}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|każde}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cada}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|pe}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|an urra}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t|sh|svaki}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|cada uno|m}}, {{t|es|cada una|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|styck|alt=(per) styck}}, {{t+|sv|var}}, {{t+|sv|à}} (placed '''before''' the price/weight/measurement and used when you have a '''defined number''' of something, for example ''Tre äpplen à 50 cent.''), {{t+|sv|vardera}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|yr un}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|individually}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kukin}}, {{t+|fi|jokainen}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|masing-masing}}
{{trans-bottom}}


===Pronoun===
===Pronoun===
{{en-pron}}


# Every one/thing individually or [[one by one]].
#Everyone
#: {{ux|en|I'm going to give '''each''' of you a chance to win.}}
#: {{ux|en|From '''each''' according to his ability, to '''each''' according to his needs.}}


====Translations====
====Translations====
{{trans-top|individually}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kukin}}, {{t+|fi|jokainen}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|cada uno|m}}, {{t|es|cada una|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}


===Noun===
*Esperanto: [[ĉiu]]
{{en-noun}}
*French: [[chaque]]
*German: [[alle]]
*[[Ido]]: [[singla]]
*Finnish: [[jokainen]], [[kaikki]]
*[[Kurdish]]: [[her]], [[heryek]], [[hertişt]]
*Slovak: [[každý]]
*Swedish: [[alla]]
*Spanish: [[cada]]


# {{lb|en|operations|philosophy}} An individual item: the least quantitative unit in a grouping.
===Related terms===
#* {{quote-us-patent|en|author=William S. Paasche; Thomas D. Kerker|title=System and method for managing recurring orders in a computer network|patent=7359871<!--application 09714739-->|year=1999|page=50|pageurl=https://archive.org/stream/gov.uspto.patents.application.09714739/09714739-2000-11-16-00011-SPEC#page/n49/mode/2up/search/an+each|text=In one embodiment, there is an additional charge when ordering products as an “'''each'''” compared to the unit cost of the item when ordered by the case.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=David E. Mulcahy|title=Eaches or Pieces Order Fulfillment, Design, and Operations Handbook|series=Series on resource management|publisher=w:Auerbach Publications|isbn=978-0-8493-3522-8|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=WULMBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PT419&dq=each|page=385|text=An '''each''', piece, single item, or individual item package.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Encyclopedia of Operations Management|entry=unit of measure|author=Arthur V. Hill|editor=Barry Render|year=2012|publisher=w:FT Press|isbn=978-0-13-288370-2|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=scyoDm8zGX0C&pg=PA373&dq=eaches|page=373|text=The commonly used term “'''each'''” means that each individual item is one unit.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Rousseau's theodicy of self-love|author=Frederick Neuhouser|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-954267-3|year=2008|page=238|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVsVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238&dq=%22bound+up+with+publicly+establishing+oneself+as+an+each%22|passage=''Amour-propre'' would be able to take an interest in assuming the standpoint of reason, then, if applying ''''each'''' to oneself in rational deliberation were simultaneously bound up with publicly establishing oneself as an ''''each''''}}

===Derived terms===
{{der2|en|a bob each way|at each other's throats|crawl over each other|each to his own|each to their own|each way|each-way|live in each other's pockets|made for each other|side by each|to each their own|two bob each way}}

===See also===
* [[Thesaurus:quantifier]]

===References===
* {{R:OED Online |entry=each |pos=''adj.'' and ''pron.'' |id=58924 |noformat=1 |date=December 2022}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aceh|HACE|Ache|Aceh|AChE|Chea|hace|ache|Chae}}

{{cln|en|indefinite pronouns}}
{{C|en|Operations}}

==Irish==

===Etymology===
{{PIE word|ga|h₁éḱwos}}
From {{inh|ga|sga|ech}},<ref>{{R:DIL|19508|head=ech}}</ref> from {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*ekʷos}}, from {{inh|ga|ine-pro|*h₁éḱwos||horse}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ga|/ax/|ref={{R:ga:Finck|II|22}}}}<ref>{{R:ga:Quiggin|62}}</ref>

===Noun===
{{ga-noun|m|eich|eacha}}

# {{lb|ga|archaic}} [[horse]]

====Declension====
{{ga-decl-m1|e|ach|ich|pl=acha}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|ga|capall}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ga|eachmairt}}
* {{l|ga|eachra}}
* {{l|ga|giolla eich||horse-boy}}

===Mutation===
{{ga-mut|msn}}

===References===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ga:Dinneen 1904|272|head=eaċ}}
* {{R:ga:ODonaill}}

{{topics|ga|Horses}}

==Scottish Gaelic==
[[Image:White horse portrait.jpg|thumb|Each.]]

===Etymology===
{{dercat|gd|ine-pro|inh=1}}
{{PIE word|gd|h₁éḱwos}}
From {{inh|gd|sga|ech}},<ref>{{R:DIL|19508|head=ech}}</ref> from {{inh|gd|pgl|*ᚓᚊᚐᚄ}}, from {{inh|gd|cel-pro|*ekʷos}}. Cognates include {{cog|ga|each}} and {{cog|gv|agh}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|gd|/ɛx/|[ɛəx]}}
* {{IPA|gd|[æx]|ref={{R:gd:Borgstrom1937}}|a=Barra}}
* {{hyph|gd|each}}

===Noun===
{{gd-noun|g=m|gen=eich|pl=eich}}

# [[horse]] ({{taxfmt|Equus caballus|species}})
#: {{uxi|gd|tha an t-'''each''' na [[trotan|throtan]]|the horse is trotting}}
#: {{uxi|gd|air muin '''eich'''|on [[horseback]]}}
#: {{ux|gd|[[cò|Cò]] air a tha sibh a' [[bruidhinn]]? – Tha sinn a' bruidhinn air '''eich'''!|Who/what are you talking about? – [[none of someone's business|None of your business]]!|lit=We are talking about horses}}
# {{lb|gd|dated}} [[brute]] {{gl|coarse person}}

====Declension====
{{gd-decl-noun-m1|e|ach|ich}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|gd
|each-mara
|ruigidh each mall muileann
}}

===Mutation===
{{gd-mut-vowel}}

===References===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Dwelly}}
* {{R:gd:Mark:2003|+|page=253}}

{{C|gd|Equids}}

==West Frisian==

===Etymology===
{{root|fy|ine-pro|*h₃ekʷ-}}
From {{inh|fy|ofs|āge}}, from {{inh|fy|gem-pro|*augô}}, ultimately from {{der|fy|ine-pro|*h₃ekʷ-||eye; to see}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fy|/ɪə̯x/}}


===Noun===
*[[each and every]]
{{fy-noun|n|eagen|eachje}}
*[[each other]]
*[[to each his own]]


# {{topics|fy|Body parts}} [[eye]]
[[Category:100 English basic words]]
[[Category:Scottish Gaelic nouns]]


====Further reading====
[[de:each]]
* {{R:WFT|18449|I}}
[[fr:each]]
[[io:each]]
[[it:each]]
[[hu:each]]
[[pt:each]]
[[ru:each]]
[[fi:each]]
[[ta:each]]
[[zh:each]]

Revision as of 12:44, 27 September 2024

See also: -each

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English eche, from Old English ǣlċ, contraction of ǣġhwelċ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiwgahwalīk (“each, every”). Compare Scots ilk, elk (“each, every”), Saterland Frisian älk (“each”), West Frisian elk, elts (“each”), Dutch elk (“each”), Low German elk, ellik (“each”), German Low German elk, elke (“each, every”), German jeglicher (“any”).

Pronunciation

Determiner

each

  1. All; every; qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare every).
    Make sure you wash each bowl well.
    The sun comes up each morning and sets each night.
    • 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:
      Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits.  ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

Usage notes

  • (all, every): The phrase beginning with each identifies a set of items wherein the words following each identify the individual elements by their shared characteristics. The phrase is grammatically singular in number, so if the phrase is the subject of a sentence, its verb is conjugated into a third-person singular form. Similarly, any pronouns that refer to the noun phrase are singular:
    Each candidate has 49 votes.
    Each voter must decide for herself.

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

each (not comparable)

  1. For one; apiece; per.
    The apples cost 50 cents each.
  2. Individually; separately; used in a sentence with a plural subject to indicate that the action or state described by the verb applies to all members of the described group individually, rather than collectively to the entire group.
    We ordered half a chicken each, but we each got a whole one.
    You are each right in a different way.
    There are three of us and we have five dollars each, so that means we've got 15 dollars.

Translations

Pronoun

each

  1. Every one/thing individually or one by one.
    I'm going to give each of you a chance to win.
    From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.

Translations

Noun

each (plural eaches)

  1. (operations, philosophy) An individual item: the least quantitative unit in a grouping.
    • 1999, William S. Paasche, Thomas D. Kerker, System and method for managing recurring orders in a computer network, US Patent 7359871 (PDF version), page 50:
      In one embodiment, there is an additional charge when ordering products as an “each” compared to the unit cost of the item when ordered by the case.
    • 2007, David E. Mulcahy, Eaches or Pieces Order Fulfillment, Design, and Operations Handbook (Series on resource management), Auerbach Publications, →ISBN, page 385:
      An each, piece, single item, or individual item package.
    • 2012, Arthur V. Hill, “unit of measure”, in edited by Barry Render, The Encyclopedia of Operations Management, FT Press, →ISBN, page 373:
      The commonly used term “each” means that each individual item is one unit.
    • 2008, Frederick Neuhouser, Rousseau's theodicy of self-love, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 238:
      Amour-propre would be able to take an interest in assuming the standpoint of reason, then, if applying 'each' to oneself in rational deliberation were simultaneously bound up with publicly establishing oneself as an 'each'

Derived terms

See also

References

Anagrams

Irish

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From Old Irish ech,[1] from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”).

Pronunciation

Noun

each m (genitive singular eich, nominative plural eacha)

  1. (archaic) horse

Declension

Declension of each

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative each eacha
Vocative a eich a eacha
Genitive eich each
Dative each eacha

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-each na heacha
Genitive an eich na n-each
Dative leis an each

don each

leis na heacha

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
each n-each heach t-each
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 22
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 62

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Each.

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From Old Irish ech,[1] from Primitive Irish *ᚓᚊᚐᚄ (*eqas), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos. Cognates include Irish each and Manx agh.

Pronunciation

Noun

each m (genitive singular eich, plural eich)

  1. horse (Equus caballus)
    tha an t-each na throtan ― the horse is trotting
    air muin eich ― on horseback
    Cò air a tha sibh a' bruidhinn? – Tha sinn a' bruidhinn air eich!
    Who/what are you talking about? – None of your business!
    (literally, “We are talking about horses”)
  2. (dated) brute (coarse person)

Declension

Declension of each (type I masculine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative each eich
Genitive eich each
Dative each eich; eachaibh✝
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) t-each (na) h-eich
Genitive (an) eich (nan) each
Dative (an) each (na) h-eich; h-eachaibh✝
Vocative eich eacha

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Derived terms

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
each n-each h-each t-each
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “each”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Colin Mark (2003) “each”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 253

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian āge, from Proto-Germanic *augô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).

Pronunciation

Noun

each n (plural eagen, diminutive eachje)

  1. eye

Further reading

  • “each (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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