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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{suffix|tremble|er|lang=en}}
{{root|en|ine-pro|*trem-}}
From {{suffix|en|tremble|er}}.


===Noun===
===Noun===
Line 8: Line 9:


# One who, or that which, [[tremble]]s.
# One who, or that which, [[tremble]]s.
# Any of various [[New World]] [[passerine]] [[bird]]s of the [[family]] ''[[Mimidae]]''.
# Any of various [[New World]] [[passerine]] [[bird]]s of the [[family]] {{taxfmt|Mimidae|family}}.
# The vibrating hammer, or spring contact piece of a [[hammer break]], as of the [[electric]] [[ignition]] [[apparatus]] for an [[internal combustion engine]].


====Derived terms====
----
* {{l|en|knee-trembler}}

[[Category:en:Mimids]]


==French==
==French==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{etyl|fro|fr}} {{term|trambler|lang=fro}} and its variants, from {{etyl|VL.|fr}} {{term|tremulāre|lang=la}}, present active infinitive of {{term|tremulō|lang=la}}, a derivate of Classical {{etyl|la|fr}} {{term|tremere|lang=la}}, present active infinitive of {{term|tremō|lang=la}}. Doublet with {{term|trémuler|lang=fr}}
{{inh+|fr|frm|trembler}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|trembler|trambler, trembler}}, from {{inh|fr|LL.|tremulo|tremulāre}}, ultimately from {{inh|fr|la|tremo|tremere}} (one of the sources of French {{m|fr|craindre}}). Morphological doublet of {{doublet|fr|notext=1|trémuler}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/tʁɑ̃ble/|lang=fr}}
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|Fr-trembler.ogg|Audio|lang=fr}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-trembler.ogg}}
* {{homophones|lang=fr|tremblai|tremblé|tremblez}}
* {{homophones|fr|tremblai|tremblé|tremblez}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{fr-verb}}
{{fr-verb}}


# to [[shake]]
# to [[tremble]], [[shake]]
# to [[tremble]]


====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====
{{fr-conj-er|trembl|avoir}}
{{fr-conj-auto}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|trembler comme une feuille}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* [[tremblement]]
* {{l|fr|tremblement}}
* [[trembleur]]
* {{l|fr|trembleur}}


===Further reading===
----
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}


==Middle French==
==Middle French==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|frm|fro|trembler}}, {{m|fro|trambler}}.


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 47: Line 58:
{{frm-conj-er|trembl}}
{{frm-conj-er|trembl}}


====Descendants====
----
⚫
* {{desc|fr|trembler}}


==Old French==
==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|fro|trenbler|tranbler|trambler}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|LL.|tremulo|tremulāre}}, ultimately from {{inh|fro|la|tremo|tremere}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fro|/tɾemˈbleːɾ/|a=archaic}}
* {{IPA|fro|/tɾamˈbleːɾ/|a=classical}}
* {{IPA|fro|/tɾamˈbleɾ/|a=late}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 55: Line 78:


# to [[tremble]]
# to [[tremble]]
#* {{quote-book|fro|author=[[w:Rutebeuf|Rustebuef]]|title=L'Ave Marie Rustebuef|passage=Au Jugement,<br>Quant il fera si aigrement<br>Tout le monde communement<br>'''Trambler''' come fueille,|translation=On the day of Judgment<br>When he will bitterly<br>Make everyone<br>Tremble like a leaf|year=c. 1250}}
#* '''circa 1250''', [[wikipedia:Marie de France|Marie de France]], ''[[w:Lais of Marie de France|Equitan]]''
#*: m'est une anguisse el quer ferue, ki tut le cors me fet '''trembler'''
#*:: Such a pain has pierced my heart, that makes my whole body quiver


====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====
{{fro-conj-er-e|trembl}}
{{fro-conj-er}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desctree|frm|trembler}}
* English: to [[tremble]]
* {{desc|nrf|tremblier}}

* {{desc|enm|tremblen|bor=1}}
[[az:trembler]]
** {{desc|en|tremble}}
[[cs:trembler]]
[[de:trembler]]
[[el:trembler]]
⚫
[[fr:trembler]]
[[ko:trembler]]
[[io:trembler]]
[[ku:trembler]]
[[hu:trembler]]
[[mg:trembler]]
[[my:trembler]]
[[oc:trembler]]
[[pl:trembler]]
[[fi:trembler]]
[[sv:trembler]]
[[chr:trembler]]
[[vi:trembler]]

Revision as of 03:39, 19 August 2024

English

Etymology

From tremble +‎ -er.

Noun

trembler (plural tremblers)

  1. One who, or that which, trembles.
  2. Any of various New World passerine birds of the family Mimidae.
  3. The vibrating hammer, or spring contact piece of a hammer break, as of the electric ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine.

Derived terms

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French trembler, from Old French trambler, trembler, from Late Latin tremulāre, ultimately from Latin tremere (one of the sources of French craindre). Morphological doublet of trémuler.

Pronunciation

Verb

trembler

  1. to tremble, shake

Conjugation

Conjugation of trembler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple trembler
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple tremblant
/tʁɑ̃.blɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle tremblé
/tʁɑ̃.ble/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tremble
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		trembles
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		tremble
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		tremblons
/tʁɑ̃.blɔ̃/ 		tremblez
/tʁɑ̃.ble/ 		tremblent
/tʁɑ̃bl/
imperfect tremblais
/tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ 		tremblais
/tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ 		tremblait
/tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ 		tremblions
/tʁɑ̃.bli.jɔ̃/ 		trembliez
/tʁɑ̃.bli.je/ 		tremblaient
/tʁɑ̃.blɛ/
past historic2 tremblai
/tʁɑ̃.ble/ 		tremblas
/tʁɑ̃.bla/ 		trembla
/tʁɑ̃.bla/ 		tremblâmes
/tʁɑ̃.blam/ 		tremblâtes
/tʁɑ̃.blat/ 		tremblèrent
/tʁɑ̃.blɛʁ/
future tremblerai
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁe/ 		trembleras
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁa/ 		tremblera
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁa/ 		tremblerons
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɔ̃/ 		tremblerez
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁe/ 		trembleront
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional tremblerais
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ 		tremblerais
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ 		tremblerait
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ 		tremblerions
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		trembleriez
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁje/ 		trembleraient
/tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tremble
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		trembles
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		tremble
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		tremblions
/tʁɑ̃.bli.jɔ̃/ 		trembliez
/tʁɑ̃.bli.je/ 		tremblent
/tʁɑ̃bl/
imperfect2 tremblasse
/tʁɑ̃.blas/ 		tremblasses
/tʁɑ̃.blas/ 		tremblât
/tʁɑ̃.bla/ 		tremblassions
/tʁɑ̃.bla.sjɔ̃/ 		tremblassiez
/tʁɑ̃.bla.sje/ 		tremblassent
/tʁɑ̃.blas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tremble
/tʁɑ̃bl/ 		— tremblons
/tʁɑ̃.blɔ̃/ 		tremblez
/tʁɑ̃.ble/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French trembler, trambler.

Verb

trembler

  1. to tremble; to quiver; to shake

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of trembler
infinitive simple trembler
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple tremblant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle tremblé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tremble trembles tremble tremblons tremblez tremblent
imperfect tremblois, trembloys tremblois, trembloys trembloit, trembloyt tremblions, tremblyons trembliez, tremblyez trembloient, trembloyent
past historic trembla tremblas trembla tremblasmes tremblastes tremblerent
future tremblerai, trembleray trembleras tremblera tremblerons tremblerez trembleront
conditional tremblerois, trembleroys tremblerois, trembleroys trembleroit, trembleroyt tremblerions, trembleryons trembleriez, trembleryez trembleroient, trembleroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tremble trembles tremble tremblons tremblez tremblent
imperfect tremblasse tremblasses tremblast tremblassions tremblassiez tremblassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tremble — tremblons tremblez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: trembler

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Late Latin tremulāre, ultimately from Latin tremere.

Pronunciation

Verb

trembler

  1. to tremble
    • c. 1250, Rustebuef, L'Ave Marie Rustebuef:
      Au Jugement,
      Quant il fera si aigrement
      Tout le monde communement
      Trambler come fueille,
      On the day of Judgment
      When he will bitterly
      Make everyone
      Tremble like a leaf

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of trembler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive trembler avoir tremblé
gerund en tremblant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle tremblant
past participle tremblé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present tremble trembles tremble tremblons tremblez tremblent
imperfect trembloie, trembleie, trembloe, trembleve trembloies, trembleies, trembloes, trembleves trembloit, trembleit, tremblot, trembleve trembliiens, trembliens trembliiez, trembliez trembloient, trembleient, trembloent, tremblevent
preterite tremblai tremblas trembla tremblames tremblastes tremblerent
future tremblerai trembleras tremblera tremblerons trembleroiz, tremblereiz, tremblerez trembleront
conditional trembleroie, tremblereie trembleroies, tremblereies trembleroit, tremblereit trembleriiens, trembleriens trembleriiez, trembleriez trembleroient, tremblereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present tremble trembles tremble tremblons tremblez tremblent
imperfect tremblasse tremblasses tremblast tremblissons, tremblissiens tremblissoiz, tremblissez, tremblissiez tremblassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— tremble — tremblons tremblez —

Descendants

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