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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{enPR|plān}}, {{IPA|en|/pleɪn/|[pl̥eɪn]}} |
* {{enPR|plān}}, {{IPA|en|/pleɪn/|[pl̥eɪn]}} |
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* {{audio|en|en-us-plain.ogg| |
* {{audio|en|en-us-plain.ogg|a=US}} |
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* {{rhymes|en|eɪn|s=1}} |
* {{rhymes|en|eɪn|s=1}} |
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* {{homophones|en|plane}} |
* {{homophones|en|plane}} |
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===Etymology 1=== |
===Etymology 1=== |
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{{root|en|ine-pro|*pleh₂-}} |
{{root|en|ine-pro|*pleh₂-}} |
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From {{inh|en|enm|pleyn}}, borrowed from {{der|en|xno|pleyn}}, {{m|fro|playn}}, {{ |
From {{inh|en|enm|pleyn}}, borrowed from {{der|en|xno|pleyn}}, {{m|fro|playn}}, {{der|en|frm|plain}}, {{m|frm|plein}}, and {{der|en|fro|plain}}, from {{der|en|la|plānus||flat, even, level, plain}}. |
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====Alternative forms==== |
====Alternative forms==== |
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# {{lb|en|now|_|rare|regional}} [[flat|Flat]], [[level]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}} |
# {{lb|en|now|_|rare|regional}} [[flat|Flat]], [[level]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}} |
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#* {{RQ:KJV|Isaiah|40|4}} |
#* {{RQ:KJV|Isaiah|40|4|passage=The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places '''plain'''.}} |
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#*: The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places '''plain'''. |
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# Simple, [[unaltered]]. |
# Simple, [[unaltered]]. |
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## [[ordinary|Ordinary]]; lacking [[adornment]] or [[ornament]]ation; [[unembellished]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}} |
## [[ordinary|Ordinary]]; lacking [[adornment]] or [[ornament]]ation; [[unembellished]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}} |
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##: {{ux|en|He was dressed simply in '''plain''' black clothes.}} |
##: {{ux|en|He was dressed simply in '''plain''' black clothes.}} |
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##: {{ux|en|a '''plain''' tune}} |
##: {{ux|en|a '''plain''' tune}} |
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##* {{quote-journal|en|year=2013|month=September–October|author= |
##* {{quote-journal|en|year=2013|month=September–October|author=w:Henry Petroski |
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|magazine= |
|magazine=w:American Scientist|title=[http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2013/5/the-evolution-of-eyeglasses The Evolution of Eyeglasses]| passage=The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or '''plain''' glass paperweight.}} |
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## Of just one [[colour]]; lacking a [[pattern]]. |
## Of just one [[colour]]; lacking a [[pattern]]. |
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##: {{ux|en|a '''plain''' pink polycotton skirt}} |
##: {{ux|en|a '''plain''' pink polycotton skirt}} |
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## Simple in habits or qualities; [[unsophisticated]], not exceptional, [[ordinary]]. {{defdate|from 16th c.}} |
## Simple in habits or qualities; [[unsophisticated]], not exceptional, [[ordinary]]. {{defdate|from 16th c.}} |
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##: {{ux|en|They're just '''plain''' people like you or me.}} |
##: {{ux|en|They're just '''plain''' people like you or me.}} |
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##* |
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1654|author=w:Henry Hammond|title=Of Fundamentals |
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|passage='''plain''' yet pious Christians}} |
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##* |
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1861|author=w:Abraham Lincoln|title=Message to Congress in Special Session, July 4th |
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|passage=the '''plain''' people}} |
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## {{lb|en|of food}} Having only few ingredients, or no additional ingredients or [[seasoning]]s; not elaborate, without toppings or extras. {{defdate|from 17th c.}} |
## {{lb|en|of food}} Having only few ingredients, or no additional ingredients or [[seasoning]]s; not elaborate, without toppings or extras. {{defdate|from 17th c.}} |
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##: {{ux|en|Would you like a poppy bagel or a '''plain''' bagel?}} |
##: {{ux|en|Would you like a poppy bagel or a '''plain''' bagel?}} |
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## [[honest|Honest]] and without deception; [[candid]], [[open]]; [[blunt]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}} |
## [[honest|Honest]] and without deception; [[candid]], [[open]]; [[blunt]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}} |
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##: {{ux|en|Let me be '''plain''' with you: I don't like her.}} |
##: {{ux|en|Let me be '''plain''' with you: I don't like her.}} |
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##* {{quote-book|en|author=Socrates Scholasticus [''i.e.'', {{w|Socrates of Constantinople}}]| chapter=Constantinus the Emperour Summoneth the Nicene Councell, it was Held at Nicæa a Citie of Bythnia for the Debatinge of the Controuersie about the Feast of Easter, and the Rootinge out of the Heresie of Arius| mainauthor=[[w:Eusebius|Eusebius Pamphilus]]; Socrates Scholasticus; |
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Socrates Scholasticus [''i.e.'', {{w|Socrates of Constantinople}}]| chapter=Constantinus the Emperour Summoneth the Nicene Councell, it was Held at Nicæa a Citie of Bythnia for the Debatinge of the Controuersie about the Feast of Easter, and the Rootinge out of the Heresie of Arius| mainauthor=[[w:Eusebius|Eusebius Pamphilus]]; Socrates Scholasticus; w:Evagrius Scholasticus; [[w:Dorotheus of Tyre|Dorotheus]]| tlr=w:Meredith Hanmer| title=The Avncient Ecclesiasticall Histories of the First Six Hundred Yeares after Christ, Wrytten in the Greeke Tongue by Three Learned Historiographers, Eusebius, Socrates, and Euagrius. [...]|location=imprinted at London|publisher=By [[w:Thomas Vautrollier|Thomas Vautroullier]] dwelling in the [[w:Blackfriars|Blackefriers]] by {{w|Ludgate}}| year=1577| volume_plain=book I (The First Booke of the Ecclesiasticall Historye of Socrates Scholasticvs)| page=225| pageurl=https://archive.org/stream/aunciente00euse#page/n224/mode/1up| oclc=55193813| passage=[VV]e are able with '''playne''' demonſtration to proue, and vvith reaſon to perſvvade that in tymes paſt our fayth vvas alike, that then vve preached thinges correſpondent vnto the forme of faith already published of vs, ſo that none in this behalfe can repyne or gaynesay vs.}} |
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##* {{RQ:Shakespeare King Lear|act=II|scene=v|passage=an honest mind, and '''plain''', he must speak truth}} |
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare King Lear|act=II|scene=v|passage=an honest mind, and '''plain''', he must speak truth}} |
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##* {{RQ:Fielding Tom Jones|text=The Quaker was no sooner assured by this fellow of the birth and low fortune of Jones, than all compassion for him vanished; and the honest '''plain''' man went home fired with no less indignation than a duke would have felt at receiving an affront from such a person.}} |
##* {{RQ:Fielding Tom Jones|text=The Quaker was no sooner assured by this fellow of the birth and low fortune of Jones, than all compassion for him vanished; and the honest '''plain''' man went home fired with no less indignation than a duke would have felt at receiving an affront from such a person.}} |
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## Clear; unencumbered; equal; fair. |
## Clear; unencumbered; equal; fair. |
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##* {{ |
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1711|author=w:Henry Felton|title=Dissertation on Reading the Classics |
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|passage=Our troops beat an army in '''plain''' fight.}} |
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# Not unusually beautiful; [[unattractive]]. {{defdate|from 17th c.}} |
# Not unusually beautiful; [[unattractive]]. {{defdate|from 17th c.}} |
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#* {{quote-book|en|year=1986| author= |
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1986| author=w:John le Carré| title=w:A Perfect Spy| passage= Yet her beauty clung to her like an identity she was trying to deny and her '''plainness''' kept slipping like a bad disguise.}} |
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#: {{ux|en|Throughout high school she worried that she had a rather '''plain''' face.}} |
#: {{ux|en|Throughout high school she worried that she had a rather '''plain''' face.}} |
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# {{lb|en|card games}} Not a [[trump]]. |
# {{lb|en|card games}} Not a [[trump]]. |
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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der4|en|plain bread|plain speech|plain vanilla|plain people |
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|in plain sight|in plain view|just plain folks|plain as a haystack|plain as day|plain as Dunstable highway|plain as porridge|plain as print|plain as Salisbury|plain ball|plain bearing|plain brown wrapper|plain cook|plain dealer|plain dealing|plain English|plain leaf warbler|plain loaf|plain old|plain old data|plain old telephone service|plain radiography|plain saw|plain tall|plain to see|plain water|plain work|plain wrapper|plain-clothed|plain-clothes|plain-looking|plain-saw|plain-song|plain-speaking|plain-winged antshrike|plain-woven |
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|plain and simple |
|plain and simple |
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|plain as a pikestaff |
|plain as a pikestaff |
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* Catalan: {{t+|ca|senzill}} |
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|senzill}} |
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* Chinese: |
* Chinese: |
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*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|平|tr=píng de|alt=平的}}, {{t+|cmn|簡單|tr=jiǎndān}}, {{t+|cmn|平常|tr=píngcháng}} |
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|平|tr=píng de|alt=平的}}, {{t+|cmn|簡單|tr=jiǎndān}}, {{t+|cmn|平常|tr=píngcháng}}, {{t+|cmn|質素|tr=zhìsù}} |
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* Czech: {{t+|cs|prostý}}, {{t+|cs|obyčejný}} |
* Czech: {{t+|cs|prostý}}, {{t+|cs|obyčejný}} |
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* Dutch: {{t+|nl|eenvoudig}} |
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|eenvoudig}} |
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* Korean: {{t|ko|소박한}} |
* Korean: {{t|ko|소박한}} |
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* Kurdish: |
* Kurdish: |
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*: Central Kurdish: {{t |
*: Central Kurdish: {{t-check|ckb|سادە}} |
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*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|sade}}, {{t+|kmr|xwerû}} |
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* Ladino: {{t|lad|plano}}, {{t|lad|sémplise}} {{qualifier|Monastir}} |
* Ladino: {{t|lad|plano}}, {{t|lad|sémplise}} {{qualifier|Monastir}} |
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* Malagasy: {{t+|mg|sàha}} |
* Malagasy: {{t+|mg|sàha}} |
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* Swedish: {{t+|sv|enfärgad}} |
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|enfärgad}} |
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* Tagalog: {{t|tl|liso}}, {{t|tl|linso}} |
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|liso}}, {{t|tl|linso}} |
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* Westrobothnian: {{t|gmq-bot|äjnläitt}} |
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{{trans-bottom}} |
{{trans-bottom}} |
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* Catalan: {{t+|ca|natural}}, {{t+|ca|simple}} |
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|natural}}, {{t+|ca|simple}} |
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* Chinese: |
* Chinese: |
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*: Mandarin: {{t |
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|原味|tr=yuánwèi}} |
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* Czech: {{t-needed|cs}} |
* Czech: {{t-needed|cs}} |
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* Danish: {{t-needed|da}} |
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}} |
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* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}} |
* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}} |
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* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}} |
* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}} |
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* Latin: {{t |
* Latin: {{t|la|non condītus}} |
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* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}} |
* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}} |
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* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}} |
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}} |
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* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}} |
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}} |
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* Volapük: {{t-needed|vo}} |
* Volapük: {{t-needed|vo}} |
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⚫ | |||
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}} |
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}} |
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⚫ | |||
{{trans-bottom}} |
{{trans-bottom}} |
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===Etymology 2=== |
===Etymology 2=== |
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#* {{RQ:Joseph Hall Satires}} |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | #* {{RQ:Landon Francesca Carrara|page=9|volume=III|text=Then, again, she almost thought that the soft and wailing wind which swept mournfully through the sepulchral boughs of the large old yews, had a voice not of this world—was it the inarticulate '''plaining''' of her brother's gentle spirit, debarred from intercourse, but still keeping over her the deep and eternal watch of love?}} |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
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{{rel3|en |
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From {{der|en|fro|plain}}, from {{der|en|la|plānum|t=level ground, a plain}}, neuter substantive from {{m|la|plānus|t=level, even, flat}}. {{doublet|en|llano|piano|plane}}. |
From {{der|en|fro|plain}}, from {{der|en|la|plānum|t=level ground, a plain}}, neuter substantive from {{m|la|plānus|t=level, even, flat}}. {{doublet|en|llano|piano|plane}}. |
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{{en-noun}} |
{{en-noun}} |
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# An [[expanse]] of [[land]] with relatively low [[relief]] |
# An [[expanse]] of [[land]] with relatively low [[relief]] and [[few]] [[tree]]s, especially a [[grassy]] expanse. |
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#* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|book=1|passage=Him the Ammonite / Worshipped in Rabba and her watery '''plain'''.}} |
#* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|book=1|passage=Him the Ammonite / Worshipped in Rabba and her watery '''plain'''.|year=1873}} |
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#* '''1961''', J. A. Philip. ''Mimesis in the ''Sophistês'' of Plato''. In: Proceedings and Transactions of the American Philological Association 92. p. 467. |
#* '''1961''', J. A. Philip. ''Mimesis in the ''Sophistês'' of Plato''. In: Proceedings and Transactions of the American Philological Association 92. p. 467. |
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#*: For Plato the life of the philosopher is a life of struggle towards the goal of knowledge, towards “searching the heavens and measuring the '''plains''', in all places seeking the nature of everything as a whole” |
#*: For Plato the life of the philosopher is a life of struggle towards the goal of knowledge, towards “searching the heavens and measuring the '''plains''', in all places seeking the nature of everything as a whole” |
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#: {{hyper|en|land|terrain}} |
#: {{hyper|en|land|terrain}} |
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#: {{hypo|en|prairie|steppe}} |
#: {{hypo|en|prairie|steppe}} |
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# A [[broad]], [[flat]] [[expanse]] in general, as of [[water]]. |
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#* {{RQ:Tennyson In Memoriam|IX||Fair ship, that from the Italian shore,<br>Sailest the placid ocean-'''plains'''<br>With my lost Arthur’s loved remains,<br>Spread thy full wings, and waft him o’er.}} |
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# {{lb|en|archaic}} {{syn of|en|field|nodot=a}} in reference to a [[battlefield]]. |
# {{lb|en|archaic}} {{syn of|en|field|nodot=a}} in reference to a [[battlefield]]. |
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#* |
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1899|author=Alexander John Arbuthnot|title=Lord Clive: The Foundation of British Rule in India |
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|passage=You have stormed no town and found the money there ; neither did you find it in the '''plains''' of Plassey after the defeat of the Nawab}} |
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#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3|V|iii|passage=Lead forth my soldiers to the '''plain'''.}} |
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3|V|iii|passage=Lead forth my soldiers to the '''plain'''.}} |
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# {{lb|en|obsolete}} {{alternative spelling of|en|plane|nodot=a}}: a [[flat]] [[geometric]] [[field]]. |
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} {{alternative spelling of|en|plane|nodot=a}}: a [[flat]] [[geometric]] [[field]]. |
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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der3|en |
{{der3|en|Staked Plain |
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|abyssal plain |
|abyssal plain|Bell Plain |
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|alluvial plain |
|alluvial plain |
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|Central Plain |
|Central Plain|Plain of Esdraelon|plain of Mars |
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|Depsang Plains |
|Depsang Plains |
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|Emu Plains |
|Emu Plains |
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|Great Plains |
|Great Plains |
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|Manchurian Plain |
|Manchurian Plain |
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|Moree Plains |
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|North China Plain |
|North China Plain |
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|Northeast China Plain |
|Northeast China Plain |
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|Nullarbor Plain |
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|peneplain |
|peneplain |
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|Plains |
|Plains |
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|West Plains |
|West Plains |
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|White Plains |
|White Plains |
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|Sharon Plain|walled plain}} |
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}} |
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=====Related terms===== |
=====Related terms===== |
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* Georgian: {{t|ka|ვაკე}}, {{t+|ka|ბარი}} |
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ვაკე}}, {{t+|ka|ბარი}} |
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* German: {{t+|de|Ebene|f}} |
* German: {{t+|de|Ebene|f}} |
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* Greek: {{t+|el|πεδιάδα|f}} |
* Greek: {{t+|el|πεδιάδα|f}}, {{t+|el|πεδίο|n}} |
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*: Ancient: {{t|grc|πεδίον|n}} |
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|πεδιάς|f}}, {{t|grc|πεδίον|n}} |
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* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מִישׁוֹר|m|tr=mishór}}, {{t+|he|עֲרָבָה|f|tr='aravá}} |
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מִישׁוֹר|m|tr=mishór}}, {{t+|he|עֲרָבָה|f|tr='aravá}} |
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* Hindi: {{t+|hi|मैदान|m}} |
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|मैदान|m}} |
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* Icelandic: {{t+|is|flatlendi|n}} |
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|flatlendi|n}} |
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* Ilocano: {{t|ilo|patag}} |
* Ilocano: {{t|ilo|patag}} |
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* Ingrian: {{t|izh|lakkia}}, {{t|izh|tasanko}}, {{t|izh|neemi}} {{qualifier|obsolete}} |
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* Irish: {{t|ga|machaire|m}}, {{t|ga|má|f}} |
* Irish: {{t|ga|machaire|m}}, {{t|ga|má|f}} |
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* Italian: {{t+|it|pianura|f}} |
* Italian: {{t+|it|pianura|f}} |
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* Japanese: {{t+|ja|平地|tr=へいち, heichi}}, {{t+|ja|平野|tr=へいや, heiya}} |
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|平地|tr=へいち, heichi}}, {{t+|ja|平野|tr=へいや, heiya}} |
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* Kabuverdianu: {{t|kea|txada}} |
* Kabuverdianu: {{t|kea|txada}} |
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* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жазаң}}, {{t |
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жазаң}}, {{t|kk|жазық}}, {{t|kk|тегістік}} |
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* Khmer: {{t+|km|វាល}}, {{t|km|វាលរាប}}, {{t|km|វាលទំនាប}} |
* Khmer: {{t+|km|វាល}}, {{t|km|វាលរាប}}, {{t|km|វាលទំនាប}} |
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* Korean: {{t+|ko|평지}}, {{t+|ko|평야}} |
* Korean: {{t+|ko|평지}}, {{t+|ko|평야}} |
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* Southern Kalinga: {{t|ksc|tanap}} |
* Southern Kalinga: {{t|ksc|tanap}} |
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* Spanish: {{t+|es|llanura|f}}, {{t+|es|planicie|f}} |
* Spanish: {{t+|es|llanura|f}}, {{t+|es|planicie|f}} |
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* Swahili: {{t|sw|tambarare|cn}} |
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* Swedish: {{t+|sv|slätt|c}} |
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|slätt|c}} |
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* Tagalog: {{t|tl|patag}} |
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|patag}} |
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* Telugu: {{t+|te|బయలు}} |
* Telugu: {{t+|te|బయలు}} |
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* Tetum: {{t|tet|rai tetuk}} |
* Tetum: {{t|tet|rai tetuk}} |
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* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ཐང}} |
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* Thai: {{t+|th|ที่ราบ}} |
* Thai: {{t+|th|ที่ราบ}} |
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* |
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ཐང}} |
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* Turkish: {{t+|tr|düzlük}}, {{t+|tr|ova}} |
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* Turkmen: {{t|tk|düzlük}} |
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|düzlük}} |
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* Tày: {{t|tyz|búng tô̱ng nà}} |
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* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|рівни́на|f}} |
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|рівни́на|f}} |
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* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|tekislik}} |
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|tekislik}} |
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# {{lb|en|obsolete|transitive}} To [[level]]; to [[raze]]; to make plain or [[even]] on the [[surface]]. |
# {{lb|en|obsolete|transitive}} To [[level]]; to [[raze]]; to make plain or [[even]] on the [[surface]]. |
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#* {{RQ:Marlowe Edward 2| |
#* {{RQ:Marlowe Edward 2|year=1622|text=Frownst thou thereat aspiring Lancaster,<br>The sworde shall '''plane''' the furrowes of thy browes,}} |
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#* '''1612''', {{w|George Wither}}, ''Prince Henrie’s Obsequies'', Elegy 24, in {{w|Egerton Brydges}} (editor), ''Restituta'', Volume I, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1814, p. 399,<sup>[https://archive.org/details/restitutaortitle00bryd]</sup> |
#* '''1612''', {{w|George Wither}}, ''Prince Henrie’s Obsequies'', Elegy 24, in {{w|Egerton Brydges}} (editor), ''Restituta'', Volume I, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1814, p. 399,<sup>[https://archive.org/details/restitutaortitle00bryd]</sup> |
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#*: Though kept by ''Rome''’s and ''Mahomet''’s chiefe powers;<br>They should not long detain him there in thrall:<br>We would rake ''Europe'' rather, '''plain''' the ''East'';<br>Dispeople the whole ''Earth'' before the doome: |
#*: Though kept by ''Rome''’s and ''Mahomet''’s chiefe powers;<br>They should not long detain him there in thrall:<br>We would rake ''Europe'' rather, '''plain''' the ''East'';<br>Dispeople the whole ''Earth'' before the doome: |
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# {{lb|en|obsolete|transitive}} To make plain or [[manifest]]; to [[explain]]. |
# {{lb|en|obsolete|transitive}} To make plain or [[manifest]]; to [[explain]]. |
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#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Pericles|III|Prologue|text=What’s dumb in show, I’ll '''plain''' with speech.}} |
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Pericles|III|Prologue|text=What’s dumb in show, I’ll '''plain''' with speech.}} |
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⚫ | #* {{RQ:Landon Francesca Carrara|page=9|volume=III|text=Then, again, she almost thought that the soft and wailing wind which swept mournfully through the sepulchral boughs of the large old yews, had a voice not of this world—was it the inarticulate '''plaining''' of her brother's gentle spirit, debarred from intercourse, but still keeping over her the deep and eternal watch of love?}} |
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===Etymology 4=== |
===Etymology 4=== |
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===Anagrams=== |
===Anagrams=== |
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* {{anagrams|en|a=ailnp| |
* {{anagrams|en|a=ailnp|Pinal|palin-|lapin|Palin|plani-|Aplin|Lipan|in lap}} |
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[[Category:English degree adverbs]] |
[[Category:English degree adverbs]] |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{inh+|fr|fro|plain}}, from {{inh|fr|la|plānus}}. {{doublet|fr|plan|piano}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{fr-IPA}} |
* {{fr-IPA}} |
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* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal-plain.wav |
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal-plain.wav}} |
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* {{homophones|fr|plains|plein|pleins}} |
* {{homophones|fr|plains|plein|pleins}} |
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===Further reading=== |
===Further reading=== |
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* {{R:TLFi}} |
* {{R:fr:TLFi}} |
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===Anagrams=== |
===Anagrams=== |
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# [[full]] (not empty) |
# [[full]] (not empty) |
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#*: De tant come ele l'ot veü, |
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#*:: As she had seen |
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#*:: He was full of evil |
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#: {{ant|fro|vuit}} |
#: {{ant|fro|vuit}} |
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|translation=As she had seen<br>He was full of evil}} |
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=====Descendants===== |
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* {{desc|fr|plein}} |
* {{desc|fr|plein}} |
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===Alternative forms=== |
===Alternative forms=== |
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* {{ |
* {{alt|rm|plein||Sursilvan}} |
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* {{ |
* {{alt|rm|plagn||Sutsilvan|Surmiran}} |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
Revision as of 16:33, 20 July 2024
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English pleyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman pleyn, playn, Middle French plain, plein, and Old French plain, from Latin plānus (“flat, even, level, plain”).
Alternative forms
Adjective
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Bagel.jpg)
plain (comparative plainer, superlative plainest)
- (now rare, regional) Flat, level. [from 14th c.]
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 40:4:
- The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain.
- Simple, unaltered.
- Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]
- He was dressed simply in plain black clothes.
- a plain tune
- 2013 September–October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:
- The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.
- Of just one colour; lacking a pattern.
- a plain pink polycotton skirt
- Simple in habits or qualities; unsophisticated, not exceptional, ordinary. [from 16th c.]
- They're just plain people like you or me.
- 1654, Henry Hammond, Of Fundamentals:
- plain yet pious Christians
- 1861, Abraham Lincoln, Message to Congress in Special Session, July 4th:
- the plain people
- (of food) Having only few ingredients, or no additional ingredients or seasonings; not elaborate, without toppings or extras. [from 17th c.]
- Would you like a poppy bagel or a plain bagel?
- (computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text). [from 20th c.]
- Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]
- Obvious.
- Evident to one's senses or reason; manifest, clear, unmistakable. [from 14th c.]
- 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. XV, Practical — Devotional”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book II (The Ancient Monk):
- In fact, by excommunication or persuasion, by impetuosity of driving or adroitness in leading, this Abbot, it is now becoming plain everywhere, is a man that generally remains master at last.
- Downright; total, unmistakable (as intensifier). [from 14th c.]
- His answer was just plain nonsense.
- Evident to one's senses or reason; manifest, clear, unmistakable. [from 14th c.]
- Open.
- Honest and without deception; candid, open; blunt. [from 14th c.]
- Let me be plain with you: I don't like her.
- 1577, Socrates Scholasticus [i.e., Socrates of Constantinople], “Constantinus the Emperour Summoneth the Nicene Councell, it was Held at Nicæa a Citie of Bythnia for the Debatinge of the Controuersie about the Feast of Easter, and the Rootinge out of the Heresie of Arius”, in Eusebius Pamphilus, Socrates Scholasticus, Evagrius Scholasticus, Dorotheus, translated by Meredith Hanmer, The Avncient Ecclesiasticall Histories of the First Six Hundred Yeares after Christ, Wrytten in the Greeke Tongue by Three Learned Historiographers, Eusebius, Socrates, and Euagrius. [...], book I (The First Booke of the Ecclesiasticall Historye of Socrates Scholasticvs), imprinted at London: By Thomas Vautroullier dwelling in the Blackefriers by Ludgate, →OCLC, page 225:
- [VV]e are able with playne demonſtration to proue, and vvith reaſon to perſvvade that in tymes paſt our fayth vvas alike, that then vve preached thinges correſpondent vnto the forme of faith already published of vs, ſo that none in this behalfe can repyne or gaynesay vs.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:
- an honest mind, and plain, he must speak truth
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
- The Quaker was no sooner assured by this fellow of the birth and low fortune of Jones, than all compassion for him vanished; and the honest plain man went home fired with no less indignation than a duke would have felt at receiving an affront from such a person.
- Clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.
- 1711, Henry Felton, Dissertation on Reading the Classics:
- Our troops beat an army in plain fight.
- Honest and without deception; candid, open; blunt. [from 14th c.]
- Not unusually beautiful; unattractive. [from 17th c.]
- 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:
- Yet her beauty clung to her like an identity she was trying to deny and her plainness kept slipping like a bad disguise.
- Throughout high school she worried that she had a rather plain face.
- (card games) Not a trump.
Synonyms
- (lacking adornment or ornamentation): no-frills, simple, unadorned, unseasoned; see also Thesaurus:bare-bones
- (of just one colour): monochrome
- (not exceptional): normal, ordinary
- (obvious): blatant, ostensible; see also Thesaurus:obvious or Thesaurus:explicit
- (intensifier): consarn, darned, stinking; see also Thesaurus:damned
- (honest and without deception): frank, sincere; see also Thesaurus:honest
Antonyms
Derived terms
- in plain sight
- in plain view
- just plain folks
- plain and simple
- plain as a haystack
- plain as a pikestaff
- plain as day
- plain as Dunstable highway
- plain as porridge
- plain as print
- plain as Salisbury
- plain as the nose on one's face
- plain ball
- plain bearing
- plain bread
- plain brown wrapper
- plain chocolate
- plain-clothed
- plain clothes
- plain-clothes
- plain cook
- plain dealer
- plain-dealing
- plain dealing
- plain dress
- plain Dunstable
- plain English
- plain film
- plain flour
- plain-hearted
- plain Jane
- plain-laid
- plain leaf warbler
- plain line
- plain loaf
- plain-looking
- plainly
- plainness
- plain old
- plain old data
- plain old telephone service
- plain paper
- plain people
- plain point
- plain radiography
- plain sailing
- plain saw
- plain-saw
- plain-song
- plain song, plainsong
- plain-speaking
- plain speech
- plain-spoken
- plain tall
- plain text
- plain to see
- plain-vanilla
- plain vanilla
- plain water
- plain weave
- plain-winged
- plain-winged antshrike
- plain work
- plain-woven
- plain wrapper
Related terms
Translations
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Adverb
plain (not comparable)
- (colloquial) Simply.
- It was just plain stupid.
- I plain forgot.
- (archaic) Plainly; distinctly.
- Tell me plain: do you love me or no?
Etymology 2
From Old French plain, from Latin plānum (“level ground, a plain”), neuter substantive from plānus (“level, even, flat”). Doublet of llano, piano, and plane.
Noun
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Konza1.jpg/220px-Konza1.jpg)
plain (plural plains)
- An expanse of land with relatively low relief and few trees, especially a grassy expanse.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- Him the Ammonite / Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain.
- 1961, J. A. Philip. Mimesis in the Sophistês of Plato. In: Proceedings and Transactions of the American Philological Association 92. p. 467.
- For Plato the life of the philosopher is a life of struggle towards the goal of knowledge, towards “searching the heavens and measuring the plains, in all places seeking the nature of everything as a whole”
- A broad, flat expanse in general, as of water.
- 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto IX:
- Fair ship, that from the Italian shore,
Sailest the placid ocean-plains
With my lost Arthur’s loved remains,
Spread thy full wings, and waft him o’er.
- (archaic) Synonym of field in reference to a battlefield.
- 1899, Alexander John Arbuthnot, Lord Clive: The Foundation of British Rule in India:
- You have stormed no town and found the money there ; neither did you find it in the plains of Plassey after the defeat of the Nawab
- c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:
- Lead forth my soldiers to the plain.
- (obsolete) Alternative spelling of plane: a flat geometric field.
Usage notes
- As with grassland(s), flatland(s), etc., plains can function as the plural of plain (There are ten principal low plains on Mars) or as its synonym (She lives on the plains), with a vague sense of greater expansiveness.
Derived terms
- abyssal plain
- alluvial plain
- Bell Plain
- Central Plain
- Depsang Plains
- Emu Plains
- flood plain, floodplain
- gibber plain
- Golden Plains
- Great Plains
- Manchurian Plain
- Moree Plains
- North China Plain
- Northeast China Plain
- Nullarbor Plain
- peneplain
- Plain of Esdraelon
- plain of Mars
- Plains
- plain wanderer
- Salisbury Plain
- salt plain
- Sharon Plain
- Staked Plain
- the rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain
- walled plain
- West Plains
- White Plains
Related terms
Translations
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Verb
plain (third-person singular simple present plains, present participle plaining, simple past and past participle plained)
- (obsolete, transitive) To level; to raze; to make plain or even on the surface.
- 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
- Frownst thou thereat aspiring Lancaster,
The sworde shall plane the furrowes of thy browes,
- 1612, George Wither, Prince Henrie’s Obsequies, Elegy 24, in Egerton Brydges (editor), Restituta, Volume I, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1814, p. 399,[1]
- Though kept by Rome’s and Mahomet’s chiefe powers;
They should not long detain him there in thrall:
We would rake Europe rather, plain the East;
Dispeople the whole Earth before the doome:
- Though kept by Rome’s and Mahomet’s chiefe powers;
- (obsolete, transitive) To make plain or manifest; to explain.
- c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, Prologue]:
- What’s dumb in show, I’ll plain with speech.
Etymology 3
From Anglo-Norman plainer, pleiner, variant of Anglo-Norman and Old French pleindre, plaindre, from Latin plangere, present active infinitive of plangō.
Alternative forms
Noun
plain (plural plains)
- (rare, poetic) A lamentation.
- 1815, Sir Walter Scott, The Lady of the Isles[2], Canto IV, part IX:
- The warrior-threat, the infant's plain,
The mother's screams, were heard in vain;
Verb
plain (third-person singular simple present plains, present participle plaining, simple past and past participle plained)
- (reflexive, obsolete) To complain. [13th–19th c.]
- c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC:
- Persones and parisch prestes · pleyned hem to þe bischop / Þat here parisshes were pore · sith þe pestilence tyme […].
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive, intransitive, now rare, poetic) To lament, bewail. [from 14th c.]
- to plain a loss
- 1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], “Astrophel. A Pastoral Elegie vpon the Death of the Most Noble and Valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney.”, in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- Shepheards, that wont […]
Oft times to plaine your loves concealed smart
- c. 1600, John Ayliffe, Satires:
- Thy mother could thee for thy cradle set
Her husband's rusty iron corselet;
Whose jargling sound might rock her babe to rest,
That never plain'd of his uneasy nest.
- 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter II, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 9:
- Then, again, she almost thought that the soft and wailing wind which swept mournfully through the sepulchral boughs of the large old yews, had a voice not of this world—was it the inarticulate plaining of her brother's gentle spirit, debarred from intercourse, but still keeping over her the deep and eternal watch of love?
- 1936, Alfred Edward Housman, More Poems, "XXV", lines 5–9
- Then came I crying, and to-day, / With heavier cause to plain, / Depart I into death away, / Not to be born again.
Related terms
Etymology 4
From Middle English pleyn, borrowed from Old French plein, from Latin plēnus (“full, filled, complete”). Ultimately from Proto-Italic *plēnos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Doublet of plene, plenary, and full.
Adjective
plain (comparative plainer, superlative plainest)
Anagrams
Dalmatian
Etymology
From Latin plēnus. Compare Italian pieno, Romansch plain, Romanian plin, French plein.
Adjective
plain (feminine plaina)
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French plain, from Latin plānus. Doublet of plan and piano.
Pronunciation
Adjective
plain (feminine plaine, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plaines)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “plain”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French plain, from Latin plēnus.
Adjective
plain m (feminine singular plaine, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plaines)
- full (not empty)
Old French
Etymology 1
Adjective
plain m (feminine plaine)
- full (not empty)
- Antonym: vuit
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- De tant come ele l'ot veü,
Que plains estoit de felenie.- As she had seen
He was full of evil
- As she had seen
Descendants
- French: plein
Etymology 2
From Latin plānum (“level ground, a plain”), neuter substantive from plānus (“level, even, flat”).
Noun
plain oblique singular, m (oblique plural plainz, nominative singular plainz, nominative plural plain)
- plain (flat area)
Synonyms
Descendants
Etymology 3
From Latin plānus (“level, even, flat”).
Adjective
plain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular plaine)
- flat (not even or mountainous)
Romansch
Alternative forms
Etymology
Adjective
plain m (feminine singular plaina, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plainas)
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/eɪn
- Rhymes:English/eɪn/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with rare senses
- Regional English
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Computing
- en:Card games
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- English colloquialisms
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- English doublets
- English nouns
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- English terms with obsolete senses
- English verbs
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- English intransitive verbs
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-
- English terms derived from Proto-Italic
- English degree adverbs
- en:Appearance
- en:Landforms
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian adjectives
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
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- French terms with obsolete senses
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French adjectives
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French adjectives
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch adjectives
- Rumantsch Grischun
- Puter Romansch
- Vallader Romansch