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===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/dɔx/}}
* {{IPA|nl|/dɔx/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-doch.ogg|Audio}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-doch.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɔx|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɔx|s=1}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|doch}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|doch}}
Line 15: Line 15:
{{head|nl|conjunction}}
{{head|nl|conjunction}}


# [[yet]], [[but]], [[still]], [[on the contrary]], [[no]], [[yes]]
# {{lb|nl|formal|or|dated}} [[yet]], [[but]], [[still]], [[on the contrary]], [[no]], [[yes]]
# [[but]] [[rather]]
# {{lb|nl|formal|or|dated}} [[but]] [[rather]]

⚫
====Synonyms====
⚫
* {{l|nl|edoch}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desc|dcr|doch|dog}}
* {{desc|dcr|doch|dog}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pap|doch|dò}} {{q|dated}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pap|doch|dò}} {{q|dated}}

⚫
====Synonyms====
⚫
* {{l|nl|edoch}}

----


==German==
==German==
Line 33: Line 31:


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/dɔx/}} {{a|standard}}
* {{IPA|de|/dɔx/|aa=standard}}
* {{IPA|de|/dɔ/|/do/}} {{a|chiefly southern Germany and Austria; also in northern Germany in some positions, e.g. before ''{{l|de|nicht}}''}}
* {{IPA|de|/dɔ/|/do/|aa=chiefly southern Germany and Austria by influence of Bavarian; also in northern Germany in some positions, e.g. before ''{{l|de|nicht}}''}}
* {{audio|de|De-doch.ogg|Audio}}
* {{audio|de|De-doch.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-doch2.ogg}}


===Particle===
===Particle===
{{head|de|particle}}
{{head|de|particle}}


# {{lb|de|in response to a negative question or statement}} [[yes]]; [[surely]]; [[really]]; on the [[contrary]]
# {{senseid|de|yes}} {{lb|de|in response to a negative question or statement}} [[yes]]; [[surely]]; [[really]]; on the [[contrary]]
#: {{ux|de|Das darfst du nicht sagen. — '''Doch!'''|You can’t say that. — '''Yes, I can!'''}}
#: {{ux|de|Das darfst du nicht sagen. — '''Doch!'''|You can’t say that. — '''Yes, I can!'''}}
#: {{ux|de|Du wirst nicht kommen? — '''Doch'''!|You're not going to come? — '''Yes, I am!'''}}
#: {{ux|de|Du wirst nicht kommen? — '''Doch'''!|You're not going to come? — '''Yes, I am!'''}}
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#*: {{quote|de|Auf dem Bahnhof dann, in dem sich senkenden Nebel, ein Gewühl von Pferden und grauen Gestalten, das zuerst unentwirrbar schien und sich dann '''doch''' rasch ordnete.|On the station then, in the sinking fog, a crowd of horses and gray characters that initially looked inextricable, but then put itself in order swiftly after all.}}
#*: {{quote|de|Auf dem Bahnhof dann, in dem sich senkenden Nebel, ein Gewühl von Pferden und grauen Gestalten, das zuerst unentwirrbar schien und sich dann '''doch''' rasch ordnete.|On the station then, in the sinking fog, a crowd of horses and gray characters that initially looked inextricable, but then put itself in order swiftly after all.}}
# [[really]]; [[just]]
# [[really]]; [[just]]
# {{non-gloss definition|indicates proposal}} Why don't you/we
# {{n-g|indicates proposal}} Why don't you/we
#: {{ux|de|Komm '''doch''' mal mit.|'''Why don't you''' just come [with us]?}}
#: {{ux|de|Komm '''doch''' mal mit.|'''Why don't you''' just come [with us]?}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
* {{sense|really|just}} As an emphatic particle, {{m|de||doch}} often stresses a contrast or a certainty. It is used more frequently in German than its nearest English equivalents and is often best translated into English by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.
* {{sense|really|just}} As an emphatic particle, {{m|de||doch}} often stresses a contrast or a certainty. It is used more frequently in German than its nearest English equivalents and is often best translated into English by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.

====Descendants====
* {{desc|csb|doch|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zlw-slv|dôch|bor=1}}


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
* {{R:Duden|doch_Partikel}}
* {{R:Duden|doch_Partikel}}
* {{R:DWDS}}
* {{R:DWDS}}

{{cln|de|modal particles}}
{{cln|de|modal particles}}


==Kashubian==
----

===Etymology===
{{dercat|csb|gmh|goh|gmw-pro|gem-pro}}
{{bor+|csb|de|doch}}. Compare {{cog|zlw-slv|dôch}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{csb-pr}}

===Particle===
{{head|csb|particle}}

# {{lb|csb|emphasizes that previous statement truthfulness is obvious to the speaker.}} [[yet]]; [[though]]
#: {{syn|csb|kò|tec|przecã}}

===Adverb===
{{csb-adv|-}}

# [[though]]; [[yet]]; [[but]]; [[however]]; [[nevertheless]]

===Conjunction===
{{head|csb|conjunction}}

# [[although]], [[though]]
#* {{RQ:csb:Derd. Czorliński|26| Począn stękac, choc '''doch''' nidze jego nie bolało.|He started groaning, even '''though''' nowhere hurt him}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|csb|title=verb|dochowac}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:csb:SJP1893|doχ|26}}
* {{R:csb:Sychta:1967|doχ|225|1}}
* {{R:csb:Trepczyk:1994|przecież}}
* {{R:csb:SPK|przecież}}
* {{R:csb:ISKJ|+|431}}


==Plautdietsch==
==Plautdietsch==

Revision as of 20:05, 19 July 2024

See also: Doch and do'ch

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch doch, from Old Dutch thoh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɔx/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔx
  • Hyphenation: doch
  • Homophone: dog

Conjunction

doch

  1. (formal or dated) yet, but, still, on the contrary, no, yes
  2. (formal or dated) but rather

Synonyms

Descendants

  • Negerhollands: doch, dog
  • → Papiamentu: doch, dò (dated)

German

Etymology

From Middle High German doch, from Old High German doh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh. Cognate to Old English þēah (English though).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɔx/ (standard)
  • IPA(key): /dɔ/, /do/ (chiefly southern Germany and Austria by influence of Bavarian; also in northern Germany in some positions, e.g. before nicht)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)

Particle

doch

  2. (in response to a negative question or statement) yes; surely; really; on the contrary
    Das darfst du nicht sagen. — Doch!
    You can’t say that. — Yes, I can!
    Du wirst nicht kommen? — Doch!
    You're not going to come? — Yes, I am!

Conjunction

doch

  1. though; yet; but; however; nevertheless
  2. for all that; after all; but

Adverb

doch

  1. after all; yet; however; nevertheless
    • 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 35:
      Auf dem Bahnhof dann, in dem sich senkenden Nebel, ein Gewühl von Pferden und grauen Gestalten, das zuerst unentwirrbar schien und sich dann doch rasch ordnete.
      On the station then, in the sinking fog, a crowd of horses and gray characters that initially looked inextricable, but then put itself in order swiftly after all.
  2. really; just
  3. indicates proposal Why don't you/we
    Komm doch mal mit.
    Why don't you just come [with us]?

Usage notes

  • (really, just): As an emphatic particle, doch often stresses a contrast or a certainty. It is used more frequently in German than its nearest English equivalents and is often best translated into English by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.

Descendants

Further reading

  • “doch” in Duden online
  • “doch” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from German doch. Compare Slovincian dôch.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɔx/
  • Rhymes: -ɔx
  • Syllabification: doch

Particle

doch

  1. (emphasizes that previous statement truthfulness is obvious to the speaker.) yet; though
    Synonyms: kò, tec, przecã

Adverb

doch (not comparable)

  1. though; yet; but; however; nevertheless

Conjunction

doch

  1. although, though
    • 1880, Hieronim Derdowski, O panu Czorlińscim co do Pucka po sece jachoł zełgoł dlo swojech druchow kaszubściech‎[1], page 26:
      Począn stękac, choc doch nidze jego nie bolało.
      He started groaning, even though nowhere hurt him

Derived terms

verb

Further reading

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “doχ”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 26
  • Sychta, Bernard (1967) “doχ”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 225
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “przecież”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “przecież”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2]
  • “doch”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Plautdietsch

Adverb

doch

  1. still, yet
  2. nevertheless
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