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From {{der|en|fro|duc}}, through {{inh|en|enm|duk}}, {{m|enm|duke}}, from {{der|en|la|dux|dux, ducis}}. Displaced native {{cog|ang|heretoga}}. Was present as {{m|ang|duc}} in late Old English, from the same Latin source. {{doublet|en|dux|doge}}.
From {{der|en|fro|duc}}, through {{inh|en|enm|duk}}, {{m|enm|duke}}, from {{der|en|la|dux|dux, ducis}}. Displaced native {{cog|ang|heretoga}}. Was present as {{m|ang|duc}} in late Old English, from the same Latin source. {{doublet|en|dux|doge}}.


The “fist” sense is thought to be [[Cockney rhyming slang]] where “Duke(s) of York” = ''fork''. {{m|en|fork|Fork}} is itself cockney slang for ''hand'', and thus ''fist''.<ref>{{R:Etymonline|dukes}}</ref>
The “fist” sense is thought to be [[Cockney rhyming slang]] where “Duke(s) of York” = ''fork''. {{m|en|fork|Fork}} is itself Cockney slang for ''hand'', and thus ''fist''.<ref>{{R:Etymonline|dukes}}</ref>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|UK}} {{IPA|en|/djuːk/|/dʒuːk/}}
* {{IPA|en|/djuːk/|/dʒuːk/|a=UK}}
* {{a|US}} {{IPA|en|/d(j)uːk/}}
* {{IPA|en|/d(j)uːk/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-uk-duke.ogg|Audio (UK)}}
* {{audio|en|en-uk-duke.ogg|a=UK}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-duke.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-duke.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːk|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːk|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|juke}} {{qualifier|with [[yod coalescence]]}}
* {{homophones|en|juke|a=yod-coalescence}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
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# A [[high]] [[title]] of [[nobility]]; the [[male]] [[holder]] of a [[dukedom]].
# A [[high]] [[title]] of [[nobility]]; the [[male]] [[holder]] of a [[dukedom]].
#: {{hypernyms|en|title|holder}}
#: {{hypernyms|en|title|holder}}
#: {{hypo|en|duc<t:French duke>|herzog<t:German duke>}}
#: {{coordinate terms|en|baron|count|countess|earl|marquis|marquess|viscount|prince|monarch}}
#: {{coordinate terms|en|baron|count|countess|earl|marquis|marquess|viscount|prince|monarch}}
# A [[grand duke]].
# A [[grand duke]].
# Any of various [[nymphalid]] butterflies of the Asian [[genus|genera]] {{taxlink|Bassarona|genus}} and {{taxlink|Dophla|genus}}.
# Any of various [[nymphalid]] butterflies of the Asian [[genus|genera]] {{taxlink|Bassarona|genus}} and {{taxlink|Dophla|genus}}.
# {{lb|en|slang|usually|in the plural}} A [[fist]].
# {{lb|en|slang|usually|in the plural}} A [[fist]].
⚫
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1952|author=[[w:Ralph Ellison|Ralph Ellison]]|title=[[w:Invisible Man|Invisible Man]] |publisher=Penguin Books (2014)|page=438|passage=“Your friend sure knows how to use his '''dukes'''. Biff, bang! One, two, and the copʼs on his ass!”}}
⚫
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J P Donleavy|authorlink=J P Donleavy|title=A Singular Man|year=1963| year_published=1963 (USA)| page=19|passage="How did the sport go."<br>"O sparred a few rounds. Let the instructor have a few on the button."<br>"You must be tough."<br>"I can handle my '''dukes'''."}}
#: {{ux|en|Put up your '''dukes'''!}}
#: {{ux|en|Put up your '''dukes'''!}}
⚫
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1952|author=w:Ralph Ellison|title=w:Invisible Man |publisher=Penguin Books (2014)|page=438|passage=“Your friend sure knows how to use his '''dukes'''. Biff, bang! One, two, and the copʼs on his ass!”}}
⚫
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:J P Donleavy|title=A Singular Man|year=1963| year_published=1963 (USA)| page=19|passage="How did the sport go."<br>"O sparred a few rounds. Let the instructor have a few on the button."<br>"You must be tough."<br>"I can handle my '''dukes'''."}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{col4|en
{{col4|en
|archduke
|archduke
|duke cherry
|dukedom
|dukedom|Duke blue
|duke it out
|duke it out
|Duke City
|Dukes County
|Dukes County
|Duke of Norfolk's Island
|Duke of Norfolk's Island
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* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|hercogas|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|hercogas|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|војвода|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|војвода|m}}
⚫
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᡤᡠᠩ}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|duic}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|duic}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tiuka}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tiuka}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|ड्यूक}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|ड्यूक}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|гүн|sc=Cyrl}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|гүн|sc=Cyrl}}
⚫
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᡤᡠᠩ}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|duc|m}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|duc|m}}
* Norwegian:
* Norwegian:
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* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ге́рцог|m|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|uk|князь|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ге́рцог|m|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|uk|князь|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|gersog}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|gersog}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|công tước}} {{t|vi|公爵|sc=Hani}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|công tước}} {{t|vi|公爵|sc=Hani}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|dük}}, {{t|vo|hidük}} {{q|male}}, {{t+|vo|jidük}} {{q|female}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|dük}}, {{t|vo|hidük}} {{q|male}}, {{t+|vo|jidük}} {{q|female}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|duk|m}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|duk|m}}
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<!--Remove this section once all of the translations below have been moved into the tables above.-->
<!--Remove this section once all of the translations below have been moved into the tables above.-->
{{checktrans-top}}
{{checktrans-top}}
* Breton: {{t-check|br|dug|m-p}}
* Breton: {{t+check|br|dug|m-p}}
* Latin: {{t+check|la|dux|m}}
* Latin: {{t+check|la|dux|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{qualifier|1|2}} {{t-check|lt|hercogas|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{qualifier|1|2}} {{t-check|lt|hercogas|m}}
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# {{lb|en|transitive|informal}} To [[hit]] or [[beat]] with the [[fist]]s.
# {{lb|en|transitive|informal}} To [[hit]] or [[beat]] with the [[fist]]s.
#* {{quote-book|en|2003|John A. Dinan|Private Eyes in the Comics|isbn=159393002X|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=7vvAzXjtBAcC&pg=PA65|page=65
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2003|author=John A. Dinan|title=Private Eyes in the Comics|isbn=159393002X|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=7vvAzXjtBAcC&pg=PA65|page=65
|passage=It seems that PI Rainer was '''duked''' by his wife {{...|and he explores his feelings of being on the receiving end of a beating with the gal who is the object of their $300 case, Leila Burnett}}.}}
|passage=It seems that PI Rainer was '''duked''' by his wife {{...|and he explores his feelings of being on the receiving end of a beating with the gal who is the object of their $300 case, Leila Burnett}}.}}
# {{lb|en|slang|transitive}} To [[give]] [[cash]] to; to give a [[tip]] to.
# {{lb|en|slang|transitive}} To [[give]] [[cash]] to; to give a [[tip]] to.
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# A particle which precedes a [[participle]] to form a gerundive adverbial phrase.
# A particle which precedes a [[participle]] to form a gerundive adverbial phrase.
#: ''duke kënduar'' — (while) singing, by singing
#: ''duke kënduar'' — (while) singing, by singing

==Basque==

===Pronunciation===
⚫
{{eu-pr}}

===Verb===
{{head|eu|verb form}}

# {{lb|eu|Northern|or|archaic}} {{eu-verb form of|izan|nor-nork|hark hura|futi}}

⚫
====Usage notes====
{{U:eu:edun}}


==Bikol Central==
==Bikol Central==
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===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{hyph|bcl|du|ke}}
* {{bcl-IPA}}
* {{bcl-IPA}}
⚫
* {{hyph|bcl|du|ke}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{head|bcl|noun|head=dúke}}
{{bcl-noun|dúke|b=+|f=dukesa}}


# {{l|en|duke}}
# {{l|en|duke}}

⚫
====Related terms====
{{rel3|bcl|dukesa}}


==Middle English==
==Middle English==
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# {{lb|sco|intransitive}} To [[cut in]]to a queue, without permission.
# {{lb|sco|intransitive}} To [[cut in]]to a queue, without permission.
# {{lb|sco|transitive}} To cut into a queue in front of someone.
# {{lb|sco|transitive}} To cut into a queue in front of someone.
#: ''Oi, dinnae '''duke''' us!''
#: {{ux|sco|Oi, dinnae '''duke''' us!}}


==Tagalog==
==Tagalog==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|tl|es|duque||duke}}.
{{bor+|tl|es|duque||duke}}, from {{der|tl|fro|duc}}, from {{der|tl|la|dux}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{hyph|tl|du|ke}}
{{tl-pr}}
⚫
* {{tl-IPA}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{tl-noun}}
{{tl-noun|b=+}}


# {{l|en|duke}}
# {{l|en|duke}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
{{rel3|tl|dukesa}}
{{rel3|tl|dukesa|artsiduke|artsidukesa|artsidukado|dukado}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}

Revision as of 15:24, 8 July 2024

See also: Duke and dûke

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

From Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of dux and doge.

The “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself Cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

duke (plural dukes)

  1. The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess).
  2. The sovereign of a small state.
  3. A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom.
    Hypernyms: title, holder
    Hyponyms: duc (“French duke”), herzog (“German duke”)
    Coordinate terms: baron, count, countess, earl, marquis, marquess, viscount, prince, monarch
  4. A grand duke.
  5. Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genera Bassarona and Dophla.
  6. (slang, usually in the plural) A fist.
    Put up your dukes!
    • 1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 438:
      “Your friend sure knows how to use his dukes. Biff, bang! One, two, and the copʼs on his ass!”
    • 1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 19:
      "How did the sport go."
      "O sparred a few rounds. Let the instructor have a few on the button."
      "You must be tough."
      "I can handle my dukes."

Derived terms

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle duking, simple past and past participle duked)

  1. (transitive, informal) To hit or beat with the fists.
    • 2003, John A. Dinan, Private Eyes in the Comics, →ISBN, page 65:
      It seems that PI Rainer was duked by his wife […] .
  2. (slang, transitive) To give cash to; to give a tip to.
    Synonym: tip
    I duked him twenty dollars.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “dukes”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Albanian

Etymology

from older ntuke from tu Also used as tue in Gheg.

Pronunciation

Particle

duke

  1. A particle which precedes a participle to form a gerundive adverbial phrase.
    duke kënduar — (while) singing, by singing

Basque

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /duke/ [d̪u.ke]
  • Rhymes: -uke
  • Hyphenation: du‧ke

Verb

duke

  1. (Northern or archaic) Third-person singular (hark), taking third-person singular (hura) as direct object, future indicative form of izan.

Usage notes

Linguistically, this verb form can be seen as belonging to the reconstructed citation form edun instead of izan.

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish duque.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈduke/ [ˈd̪u.ke]
  • Hyphenation: du‧ke

Noun

dúke (feminine dukesa, Basahan spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜒ)

  1. duke

Middle English

Noun

duke

  1. Alternative form of duk (“duke”)

Scots

Verb

duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle dukin, simple past dukit, past participle dukit)

  1. (intransitive) To cut into a queue, without permission.
  2. (transitive) To cut into a queue in front of someone.
    Oi, dinnae duke us!
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish duque (“duke”), from Old French duc, from Latin dux.

Pronunciation

Noun

duke (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜒ)

  1. duke

Further reading

  • “duke”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
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