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==English==
==English==
{{wikipedia}}
{{wikipedia}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|steele||obsolete}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|stēl}}, {{IPA|en|/stiːl/|[stiːɫ]}}
* {{enPR|stēl}}, {{IPA|en|/stiːl/|[stiːɫ]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-steel.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-steel.ogg|a=US}}
⚫
* {{rhymes|en|iːl|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|steal|stele}}
* {{homophones|en|steal|stele}}
⚫
* {{rhymes|en|iːl|s=1}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|stele}}, {{m|enm|stel}}, from {{inh|en|ang|stīele}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*stahlī|t=something made of steel}}, enlargement of {{m|gmw-pro|*stahl|t=steel}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*stahlą}}, from {{m|gem-pro|*stah-}} or {{m|gem-pro|*stag-|t=to be firm, rigid}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*stak-|t=to stay, to be firm}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', "Steel, n. 1" & "v."</ref> (compare {{cog|xum|stakaz|t=upright, erected}}, {{cog|ae|𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀|t=strong}}, {{cog|sa|स्तकति|t=resist, strike against}}), related to {{cog|ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand}}.<ref>{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>
From {{inh|en|enm|stele}}, {{m|enm|stel}}, from {{inh|en|ang|stīele}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*stahlī|t=something made of steel}}, enlargement of {{m|gmw-pro|*stahl|t=steel}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*stahlą}}, from {{m|gem-pro|*stah-}} or {{m|gem-pro|*stag-|t=to be firm, rigid}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*stak-|t=to stay, to be firm}}.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', "Steel, n. 1" & "v."</ref> Compare {{cog|sco|stele}}, {{cog|yol|stehli}}.


====Noun====
====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}
{{en-noun|~}}


# An [[artificial]] [[metal]] [[produce]]d from [[iron]], [[harder]] and [[more]] [[elastic]] than [[elemental]] iron; [[used]] [[figuratively]] as a [[symbol]] of [[hardness]].
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} An [[artificial]] [[metal]] [[produce]]d from [[iron]], [[harder]] and [[more]] [[elastic]] than [[elemental]] iron; [[used]] [[figuratively]] as a [[symbol]] of [[hardness]].
#* {{circa|725}} ''Corpus Gloss.'', 1431:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 725|title=Corpus Gloss.|year_published=1431
#*: ''Ocearium'' '''stæli'''.
|passage=''Ocearium'' '''stæli'''.}}
#* {{circa|825}} ''Epinal Gloss.'', 49:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 825|title=Epinal Gloss.|section=49
#*: ''Accearium'' '''steeli'''.
|passage=''Accearium'' '''steeli'''.}}
#* {{circa|1275}} Laȝamon, ''Brut'', 12916:
#* {{circa|1275}}, Laȝamon, ''Brut'', 12916:
#*: Þe alle þine leomen wule to-draȝen. þeh þu weore '''stel''' al.
#*: Þe alle þine leomen wule to-draȝen. þeh þu weore '''stel''' al.
#* {{circa|1473}} {{w|William Caxton}} translating Raoul Le Fèvre, ''The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye'', I:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1473|translator=w:William Caxton|author=Raoul Le Fèvre|title=The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye|section=I
#*: Employeng the '''steell''' of his swerd the most best wyse that in hym was possible.
|passage=Employeng the '''steell''' of his swerd the most best wyse that in hym was possible.}}
#* {{circa|1480}} ''St. Mary Magdalen'', 408 in 1896, W. M. Metcalfe, ''Legends Saints Sc. Dial.'', I&thinsp;267:
#* {{circa|1480}}, ''St. Mary Magdalen'', 408 in 1896, W. M. Metcalfe, ''Legends Saints Sc. Dial.'', I&thinsp;267:
#*: [[women|Weman]]...with [[words|wordis]] [[can]]e [[right|rycht]] [[well|wele]] [[overcome|our-cum]] [[men]]e hard as '''stele'''.
#*: [[women|Weman]]...with [[words|wordis]] [[can]]e [[right|rycht]] [[well|wele]] [[overcome|our-cum]] [[men]]e hard as '''stele'''.
#* '''1601''', P. Holland translating Pliny, ''Hist. World'', II&thinsp;xxxiv&thinsp;xiv&thinsp;514:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1601|translator=P. Holland|author=Pliny|title=Hist. World|section=II xxxiv xiv 514
#*: The purest part thereof [of iron ore] which in Latine is called ''Nucleus ferri'', i. the kernell or heart of the yron (and it is that which we call '''steele''')
|passage=The purest part thereof [of iron ore] which in Latine is called ''Nucleus ferri'', i. the kernell or heart of the yron (and it is that which we call '''steele''')}}
#*{{RQ:King James Version|Jeremiah|15|12|passage=Shall yron breake the Northren yron, and the '''steele'''?|url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/search1611.php?hs=1&q=steel}}
#*{{RQ:King James Version|Jeremiah|15|12|passage=Shall yron breake the Northren yron, and the '''steele'''?|url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/search1611.php?hs=1&q=steel|footer=(The Hebrew word is נחשת meaning [[copper]]. "Bow of steele" occurs in three places translating קשת נחושה.)}}
#*:(The Hebrew word is נחשת meaning [[copper]]. "Bow of steele" occurs in three places translating קשת נחושה.)
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra|IV|iv|line=33|text=...Like a man of '''Steele'''.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra|IV|iv|line=33|text=...Like a man of '''Steele'''.}}
⚫
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1839|author=A. Ure|title=Dict. Arts|year_published=1172
⚫
|passage=The bars are exposed to two or three successive processes of [[cementation]], and are hence said to be twice or thrice converted into '''steels'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1946|title=Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry|edition=4th|section=VII 47 1
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1946|title=Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry|edition=4th|section=VII 47 1
|passage='''Steel''' may be roughly defined as an alloy of iron and carbon containing up to 1.7% [[carbon]], all of the carbon being in the combined condition. A second definition, distinguishing it from [[cast iron|cast]] or [[wrought iron]], is that it has been produced in the [[molten]] condition, and a third states that '''steel''' can be hardened by [[quench]]ing from a suitably high temperature. There are...certain exceptions to all these definitions.}}
|passage='''Steel''' may be roughly defined as an alloy of iron and carbon containing up to 1.7% [[carbon]], all of the carbon being in the combined condition. A second definition, distinguishing it from [[cast iron|cast]] or [[wrought iron]], is that it has been produced in the [[molten]] condition, and a third states that '''steel''' can be hardened by [[quench]]ing from a suitably high temperature. There are...certain exceptions to all these definitions.}}
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# {{lb|en|countable}} [[any|Any]] [[item]] [[made]] of [[this]] [[metal]], [[particularly]] [[including]]:
# {{lb|en|countable}} [[any|Any]] [[item]] [[made]] of [[this]] [[metal]], [[particularly]] [[including]]:
## [[bladed|Bladed]] or [[pointed]] [[weapon]]s, as [[sword]]s, [[javelin]]s, [[dagger]]s.
## [[bladed|Bladed]] or [[pointed]] [[weapon]]s, as [[sword]]s, [[javelin]]s, [[dagger]]s.
##* {{circa|1250}} ''The Owl & the Nightengale'', 1030:
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1250|title=The Owl & the Nightengale|year_published=1030
##*: For heom ne may halter ne bridel Bringe from here wode wyse, Ne mon mid '''stele''' ne mid ire.
|passage=For heom ne may halter ne bridel Bringe from here wode wyse, Ne mon mid '''stele''' ne mid ire.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Macbeth|I|ii|line=35|text=For braue ''Macbeth'' (well hee deſerues that Name)<br>Diſdayning Fortune, with his brandiſht '''Steele''',<br>Which ſmoak'd with bloody execution<br>(Like Valours Minion) caru'd out his paſſage.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Macbeth|I|ii|line=35|text=For braue ''Macbeth'' (well hee deſerues that Name)<br>Diſdayning Fortune, with his brandiſht '''Steele''',<br>Which ſmoak'd with bloody execution<br>(Like Valours Minion) caru'd out his paſſage.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1712|author=Lord Shaftesbury|title=Characteristicks|section=III 115
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1712|author=Lord Shaftesbury|title=Characteristicks|section=III 115
|passage=But who [[would|wou'd]] dream that out of abundant Charity and Brotherly Love [[should|shou'd]] come '''Steel''', Fire, [[gibbet|Gibbets]], Rods.}}
|passage=But who [[would|wou'd]] dream that out of abundant Charity and Brotherly Love [[should|shou'd]] come '''Steel''', Fire, [[gibbet|Gibbets]], Rods.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1892|author={{w|Rudyard Kipling}}|title=Barrack-room Ballads|section=139
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1892|author=w:Rudyard Kipling|title=Barrack-room Ballads|section=139
|passage=They have asked for the '''steel'''. They shall have it now; Out [[cutlass]]es and board!}}
|passage=They have asked for the '''steel'''. They shall have it now; Out [[cutlass]]es and board!}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1905|translator=Oliver Elton|author=[[w:Saxo Grammaticus|Saxo Grammaticus]]|title=[[s:The Danish History/Book II|The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus]]|section=II
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1905|translator=Oliver Elton|author=w:Saxo Grammaticus|title=[[s:The Danish History/Book II|The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus]]|section=II
|passage=While one man was beating off the swords, the waters stole up silently and took him. Contrariwise, another was struggling with the waves, when the '''steel''' came up and encompassed him. The flowing waters were befouled with the gory spray. Thus the Ruthenians were conquered...}}
|passage=While one man was beating off the swords, the waters stole up silently and took him. Contrariwise, another was struggling with the waves, when the '''steel''' came up and encompassed him. The flowing waters were befouled with the gory spray. Thus the Ruthenians were conquered...}}
<!-- '''2018''', [Exact Date], Warhammer: Vermintide 2, Microsoft Windows, [Consoles]:
<!-- '''2018''', [Exact Date], Warhammer: Vermintide 2, Microsoft Windows, [Consoles]:
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Victor Saltzpyre: Now '''steel''' alone must serve! -->
Victor Saltzpyre: Now '''steel''' alone must serve! -->
## A [[piece]] [[used]] for [[striking]] [[spark]]s from [[flint]].
## A [[piece]] [[used]] for [[striking]] [[spark]]s from [[flint]].
##* {{circa|1220}} ''Bestiary'', 535:
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1220|title=Bestiary|section=535
##*: Of ston mid '''stel''' in ðe tunder wel to brennen one ðis wunder.
|passage=Of ston mid '''stel''' in ðe tunder wel to brennen one ðis wunder.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1660|author={{w|Robert Boyle}}|title=New Experiments Physico-mechanicall|section=XIV 89
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1660|author=w:Robert Boyle|title=New Experiments Physico-mechanicall|section=XIV 89
|passage=The Cock falling with its wonted violence upon the '''Steel'''.}}
|passage=The Cock falling with its wonted violence upon the '''Steel'''.}}
## [[armor|Armor]].
## [[armor|Armor]].
##* {{circa|1330}} ''Sir Tristrem'', L&thinsp;3324:
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1330|title=Sir Tristrem|section=L 3324
##*: [[they|Þai]] gun [[him|hem]] [[both|boþe]] [[armed|armi]] In [[iron|iren]] and '''stiel''' [[that|þat]] [[tide]].
|passage=[[they|Þai]] gun [[him|hem]] [[both|boþe]] [[armed|armi]] In [[iron|iren]] and '''stiel''' [[that|þat]] [[tide]].}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Hamlet|I|iv|33|text=In compleate '''steele'''.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Hamlet|I|iv|33|text=In compleate '''steele'''.}}
##* {{RQ:Milton Comus|421|text=She that has [chastity], is clad in compleat '''steel'''.}}
##* {{RQ:Milton Comus|421|text=She that has [chastity], is clad in compleat '''steel'''.}}
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##* {{RQ:Pyle Robin Hood|chapter=V|passage=When he came to Nottingham, he entered that part of the market where butchers stood, and took up his inn in the best place he could find. Next, he opened his stall and spread his meat upon the bench, then, taking his cleaver and '''steel''' and clattering them together, he trolled aloud in merry tones...}}
##* {{RQ:Pyle Robin Hood|chapter=V|passage=When he came to Nottingham, he entered that part of the market where butchers stood, and took up his inn in the best place he could find. Next, he opened his stall and spread his meat upon the bench, then, taking his cleaver and '''steel''' and clattering them together, he trolled aloud in merry tones...}}
## {{lb|en|sewing}} [[piece|Piece]]s [[used]] to [[strengthen]], [[support]], or [[expand]] an [[item]] of [[clothing]].
## {{lb|en|sewing}} [[piece|Piece]]s [[used]] to [[strengthen]], [[support]], or [[expand]] an [[item]] of [[clothing]].
##* '''1608''', G. Markham & al., ''Dumbe Knight'', I:
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1608|author=G. Markham; et al|title=Dumbe Knight|section=I
##*: I [[have|haue]] a [[ruff]]e is a quarter deep, measured by the [[yard|yeard]]... You haue a pretty set too, how big is the '''steele''' you set with?
|passage=I [[have|haue]] a [[ruff]]e is a quarter deep, measured by the [[yard|yeard]]... You haue a pretty set too, how big is the '''steele''' you set with?}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Feb 22 1904|journal=Daily Chron|section=5 4
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Feb 22 1904|journal=Daily Chron|section=5 4
|passage=I suppose the bullet must have struck the '''steels''' in my corsets.}}
|passage=I suppose the bullet must have struck the '''steels''' in my corsets.}}
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|passage=One of them having occasion to use a '''Steele''', smoothing Iron, or some such kinde of Laundry Instrument.}}
|passage=One of them having occasion to use a '''Steele''', smoothing Iron, or some such kinde of Laundry Instrument.}}
## {{lb|en|sewing|dialectal}} A [[sewing]] [[needle]]; a [[knitting needle]]; a [[sharp]] [[metal]] [[stylus]].
## {{lb|en|sewing|dialectal}} A [[sewing]] [[needle]]; a [[knitting needle]]; a [[sharp]] [[metal]] [[stylus]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1785|author={{w|William Cowper}}|title=Task|section=IV 165
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1785|author=w:William Cowper|title=Task|section=IV 165
|passage=The threaded '''steel'''...Flies swiftly.}}
|passage=The threaded '''steel'''...Flies swiftly.}}
## {{lb|en|printing}} An [[engraving]] [[plate]]:
## {{lb|en|printing}} An [[engraving]] [[plate]]:
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|passage=A re-issue of the ''Examples of the Architecture of Venice''. By John Ruskin... With the Text, and the 16 Plates (10 '''Steels''' and 6 Lithographs) as originally published.}}
|passage=A re-issue of the ''Examples of the Architecture of Venice''. By John Ruskin... With the Text, and the 16 Plates (10 '''Steels''' and 6 Lithographs) as originally published.}}
## [[projectile|Projectile]]s.
## [[projectile|Projectile]]s.
##* '''1898''' Jun 1, ''Westminster Gazette'', 5&thinsp;1:
##* {{quote-text|en|date=Jun 1 1898|title=Westminster Gazette|section=5 1
##*: The crews at the port batteries were pumping '''steel''' at the enemy.
|passage=The crews at the port batteries were pumping '''steel''' at the enemy.}}
## {{lb|en|sewing}} A [[fringe]] of [[bead]]s or [[decoration]] of [[this]] [[metal]].
## {{lb|en|sewing}} A [[fringe]] of [[bead]]s or [[decoration]] of [[this]] [[metal]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Jan 26 1899|journal=Daily News|section=6 3
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Jan 26 1899|journal=Daily News|section=6 3
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#* {{quote-book|en|year=1704|author=J. Harris|title=Lexicon Technicum|volume=L
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1704|author=J. Harris|title=Lexicon Technicum|volume=L
|passage='''Steel''' is not so good as Iron for Medicinal Operation.}}
|passage='''Steel''' is not so good as Iron for Medicinal Operation.}}
#* '''1712''' Sept 18, {{w|Jonathan Swift}}, ''Journal to Stella'', II&thinsp;558:
#* {{quote-text|en|date=Sept 18 1712|publisher=w:Jonathan Swift|title=Journal to Stella|section=II 558
#*: The Doctor tells me I must go into a Course of '''Steel''', tho I have not the [[spleen|Spleen]].
|passage=The Doctor tells me I must go into a Course of '''Steel''', tho I have not the [[spleen|Spleen]].}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=Princess Alice|title=Mem.|section=158
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=Princess Alice|title=Mem.|section=158
|passage=I...am really only kept alive by '''steel'''.}}
|passage=I...am really only kept alive by '''steel'''.}}
# {{lb|en|countable}} [[varieties|Varieties]] of [[this]] [[metal]].
⚫
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1839|author=A. Ure|title=Dict. Arts|year_published=1172
⚫
|passage=The bars are exposed to two or three successive processes of [[cementation]], and are hence said to be twice or thrice converted into '''steels'''.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable|colors}} The [[gray]] [[hue]] of [[this]] [[metal]]; [[steel-gray]], or [[steel blue]].
# {{lb|en|uncountable|colors}} The [[gray]] [[hue]] of [[this]] [[metal]]; [[steel-gray]], or [[steel blue]].
#* '''1851''' Dec 28, E. Ruskin, letter in 1965, M. Lutyens, ''Effie in Venice'', II&thinsp;236:
#* '''1851''' Dec 28, E. Ruskin, letter in 1965, M. Lutyens, ''Effie in Venice'', II&thinsp;236:
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|stainless steel
|stainless steel
|strip steel
|strip steel
|tool steel
|tool steel|Mushet steel
|wrought steel
|wrought steel
}}
}}
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=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en|title=Terms derived from ''steel'' (noun)
{{col4|en|title=Terms derived from ''steel'' (noun)
|alloy steel|austenitic steel|balls of steel|Bessemer steel|blister steel|bright lights and cold steel|bronze steel|carbon steel|cement steel|cold steel and bright lights|console steel guitarist|crucible steel|Damascus steel|damascus steel|Damask steel|finger steel|German steel|granulated steel|hard steel|high speed steel|high steel|high-speed steel|India steel|lap steel|lap steel guitarist|low steel|low-background steel|manganese steel|marage steel|maraging steel|mild steel|mind like a steel trap|native steel|natural steel|nickel steel|ovaries of steel|pedal steel|pedal steel guitarist|phosphorus steel|ring of steel|Siemens-Martin steel|silicon steel|silver steel|soft steel|spring steel|steel beach party|steel beach picnic|steel bronze|steel guitarist|steel horse|steel mill|steel pan orchestra|steel pannist|steel pot helmet|steel toys|table steel|table steel guitarist|Toledo steel|vanadium steel|weathering steel|weld steel|wheels of steel|steel-string guitar|structural steel|turning steel
|blister-steel
|blister-steel|steel ring|steel-cut
|console steel guitar
|console steel guitar
|draw one's steel
|draw one's steel
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=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|metal produced from iron}}
{{trans-top|metal produced from iron}}{{multitrans|data=
* Abaza: {{t|abq|джыр}}
* Abaza: {{tt|abq|джыр}}
* Abkhaz: {{t|ab|аџыр}}
* Abkhaz: {{tt|ab|аџыр}}
* Adyghe: {{t|ady|шыр}}, {{t|ady|щылыч}}, {{t|ady|жыр}}
* Adyghe: {{tt|ady|шыр}}, {{tt|ady|щылыч}}, {{tt|ady|жыр}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|staal}}
* Afrikaans: {{tt+|af|staal}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|acar|m}}, {{t+|sq|çelik|m}}, {{t|sq|arënx|m}}
* Albanian: {{tt+|sq|acar|m}}, {{tt+|sq|çelik|m}}, {{tt|sq|arënx|m}}
* Amharic: {{t|am|ንጥር ብረት}}, {{t|am|ዐረብ ብረት}}
* Amharic: {{tt|am|ንጥር ብረት}}, {{tt|am|ዐረብ ብረት}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|فُولَاذ|m}}
* Arabic: {{tt|ar|فُولَاذ|m}}
* Aragonese: {{t|an|acero|m}}
* Aragonese: {{tt|an|acero|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|պողպատ}}
* Armenian: {{tt+|hy|պողպատ}}
* Aromanian: {{t+|rup|cilechi|f}}, {{t|rup|ciulichi|f}}, {{t|rup|cilíche|f}}
* Aromanian: {{tt+|rup|cilechi|f}}, {{tt|rup|ciulichi|f}}, {{tt|rup|cilíche|f}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|aceru|m}}
* Asturian: {{tt|ast|aceru|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|polad}}
* Azerbaijani: {{tt+|az|polad}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ҡорос}}
* Bashkir: {{tt|ba|ҡорос}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|altzairu}}
* Basque: {{tt+|eu|altzairu}}
* Bats: {{t|bbl|ფოლად}}
* Bats: {{tt|bbl|ფოლად}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|сталь|f}}
* Belarusian: {{tt+|be|сталь|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|ইস্পাত}}
* Bengali: {{tt+|bn|ইস্পাত}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|dir|m}}
* Breton: {{tt+|br|dir|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|стомана|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{tt+|bg|стомана|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|သံမဏိ|sc=Mymr}}
* Burmese: {{tt+|my|သံမဏိ|sc=Mymr}}
* Buryat: {{t|bua|булад}}
* Buryat: {{tt|bua|булад}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|acer|m}}
* Catalan: {{tt+|ca|acer|m}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|asero}}, {{t|ceb|asiro}}, {{t|ceb|aserawo}}, {{t|ceb|puthaw}}
* Cebuano: {{tt|ceb|asero}}, {{tt|ceb|asiro}}, {{tt|ceb|aserawo}}, {{tt|ceb|puthaw}}
* Central Melanau: {{t|mel|baja}}
* Central Melanau: {{tt|mel|baja}}
* Chechen: {{t|ce|бо̄лат}}
* Chechen: {{tt|ce|бо̄лат}}
* Chinese:
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|鋼|tr=gong1, gong3}}, {{t|yue|鋼鐵|tr=gong3 tit3}}
*: Cantonese: {{tt|yue|鋼|tr=gong1, gong3}}, {{tt|yue|鋼鐵|tr=gong3 tit3}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|鋼|tr=gāng}}, {{t+|cmn|鋼鐵|tr=gāngtiě}}
*: Mandarin: {{tt+|cmn|鋼|tr=gāng}}, {{tt+|cmn|鋼鐵|tr=gāngtiě}}
* Chuvash: {{t|cv|хурҫӑ}}
* Chuvash: {{tt|cv|хурҫӑ}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|dur|m}}
* Cornish: {{tt|kw|dur|m}}
* Corsican: {{t|co|acciaghju|m}}, {{t|co|acciaru|m}}
* Corsican: {{tt|co|acciaghju|m}}, {{tt|co|acciaru|m}}
* Crimean Tatar:
* Crimean Tatar:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|crh|челик}}, {{t|crh|болат}}
*: Cyrillic: {{tt|crh|челик}}, {{tt|crh|болат}}
*: Latin: {{t|crh|çelik}}, {{t|crh|bolat}}
*: Latin: {{tt|crh|çelik}}, {{tt|crh|bolat}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|ocel|f}}
* Czech: {{tt+|cs|ocel|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|stål|n}}
* Danish: {{tt+|da|stål|n}}
* Dhivehi: {{t|dv|އެކަތަ|sc=Thaa}}
* Dhivehi: {{tt|dv|އެކަތަ|sc=Thaa}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|staal|n}}
* Dutch: {{tt+|nl|staal|n}}
* Eastern Mari: {{t|mhr|вурс}}
* Eastern Mari: {{tt|mhr|вурс}}
* Emilian: {{t|egl|azär}} {{qualifier|Bolognese}}
* Emilian: {{tt|egl|azär}} {{qualifier|Bolognese}}
* Erzya: {{t|myv|стал}}, {{t|myv|уклат}}
* Erzya: {{tt|myv|стал}}, {{tt|myv|уклат}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|ŝtalo}}
* Esperanto: {{tt+|eo|ŝtalo}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|teras}}
* Estonian: {{tt+|et|teras}}
* Evenki: {{t|evn|уклэт}}, {{t|evn|сталь}}, {{t|evn|болот}}
* Evenki: {{tt|evn|уклэт}}, {{tt|evn|сталь}}, {{tt|evn|болот}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|stál|n}}
* Faroese: {{tt|fo|stál|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|teräs}}
* Finnish: {{tt+|fi|teräs}}
* French: {{t+|fr|acier|m}}
* French: {{tt+|fr|acier|m}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|açâr|m}}, {{t|fur|açâl}}
* Friulian: {{tt|fur|açâr|m}}, {{tt|fur|açâl}}
* Gagauz: {{t|gag|çelik}}
* Gagauz: {{tt|gag|çelik}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|aceiro|m}}
* Galician: {{tt+|gl|aceiro|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ფოლადი}}
* Georgian: {{tt|ka|ფოლადი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stahl|m}}
* German: {{tt+|de|Stahl|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|χάλυβας|m}}, {{t+|el|ατσάλι|n}}
* Greek: {{tt+|el|χάλυβας|m}}, {{tt+|el|ατσάλι|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|χάλυψ|m}}
*: Ancient: {{tt|grc|χάλυψ|m}}
* Gujarati: {{t|gu|પોલાદ}}
* Gujarati: {{tt|gu|પોલાદ}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|asye}}
* Haitian Creole: {{tt|ht|asye}}
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|kila}}
* Hawaiian: {{tt|haw|kila}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|פלדה|f|tr=pladah}}
* Hebrew: {{tt+|he|פלדה|f|tr=pladah}}
* Higaonon: {{t|mba|puthaw}}
* Higaonon: {{tt|mba|puthaw}}
* Hiligaynon: {{t|hil|aséro}}
* Hiligaynon: {{tt|hil|aséro}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|इस्पात|m}}, {{t|hi|फ़ूलाद|f}}
* Hindi: {{tt|hi|इस्पात|m}}, {{tt|hi|फ़ूलाद|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|acél}}
* Hungarian: {{tt+|hu|acél}}
* Iban: {{t|iba|bari}}, {{t|iba|baja}}
* Iban: {{tt|iba|bari}}, {{tt|iba|baja}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|stál|n}}
* Icelandic: {{tt+|is|stál|n}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|stalo}}
* Ido: {{tt+|io|stalo}}
* Ingush: {{t|inh|болат}}
* Indonesian: {{tt+|id|baja}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|aciero}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|teräs}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|cruach|f}}
* Ingush: {{tt|inh|болат}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|acciaio|m}}
* Interlingua: {{tt|ia|aciero}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|鋼鉄|tr=[[こうてつ]], [[kōtetsu]]}}, {{t+|ja|はがね|tr=[[hagane]]|sc=Jpan}}
* Irish: {{tt+|ga|cruach|f}}
* Italian: {{tt+|it|acciaio|m}}
* Japanese: {{tt+|ja|鋼鉄|tr=[[こうてつ]], [[kōtetsu]]}}, {{tt+|ja|はがね|tr=[[hagane]]|sc=Jpan}}
* Kabardian: {{t|kbd|жыр}}
* Kabardian: {{tt+|kbd|жыр}}
* Kalmyk: {{t|xal|болд}}
* Kalmyk: {{tt|xal|болд}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಉಕ್ಕು}}
* Kannada: {{tt+|kn|ಉಕ್ಕು}}
* Karachay-Balkar: {{t|krc|къурч}}
* Karachay-Balkar: {{tt|krc|къурч}}
* Karelian: {{t|krl|stali}}
* Karelian: {{tt|krl|stali}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|болат}}
* Kazakh: {{tt|kk|болат}}
* Khakas: {{t|kjh|молат}}
* Khakas: {{tt|kjh|молат}}
⚫
* Khmer: {{tt|km|ដែកថែប|tr=daek tʰaep|sc=Khmr}}
* Khanty: {{t|kca|тарм карты}}, {{t|kca|этап карты}}
* Korean: {{tt+|ko|강철}}
⚫
* Khmer: {{t|km|ដែកថែប|tr=daek tʰaep|sc=Khmr}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|강철}}
* Kumyk: {{tt|kum|болат}}
* Kumyk: {{t|kum|болат}}
* Kyrgyz: {{tt+|ky|болот}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|болот}}
* Ladin: {{tt|lld|azal|m}}
* Ladin: {{t|lld|azal|m}}
* Lak: {{tt|lbe|чаннан}}
* Lak: {{t|lbe|чаннан}}
* Lao: {{tt|lo|ເຫລັກກ້າ}}
⚫
* Latin: {{tt|la|chalybs|m}}, {{q|Late}} {{tt|la|aciarium|n}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ເຫລັກກ້າ}}
* Latvian: {{tt|lv|tērauds|m}}
⚫
* Latin: {{t|la|chalybs|m}}, {{q|Late}} {{t|la|aciarium|n}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|tērauds|m}}
* Lezgi: {{tt|lez|гьулдан}}
* Lezgi: {{t|lez|гьулдан}}
* Limburgish: {{tt+|li|staol|f}}
* Limburgish: {{t+|li|staol|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{tt+|lt|plienas|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|plienas|m}}
* Livonian: {{tt|liv|tierōda}}
* Livonian: {{t|liv|tierōda}}
* Lombard:
* Lombard:
*: Eastern: {{t|lmo|assàl}}
*: Eastern: {{tt|lmo|assàl}}
*: Western: {{t+|lmo|azzal}}, {{t|lmo|azal}}
*: Western: {{tt+|lmo|azzal}}, {{tt|lmo|azal}}
* Low German:
* Low German:
*: German Low German: {{t|nds-de|Stahl|m}}
*: German Low German: {{tt|nds-de|Stahl|m}}
* Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|stal|m}}
* Lower Sorbian: {{tt|dsb|stal|m}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t+|lb|Stol|m}}
* Lü: {{tt|khb|ᦵᦜᧅᦂᦱᧉ}}
* Lü: {{t|khb|ᦵᦜᧅᦂᦱᧉ}}
* Luxembourgish: {{tt+|lb|Stol|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|че́лик|m}}
* Macedonian: {{tt|mk|че́лик|m}}
* Maguindanao: {{t|mdh|wagia}}
* Maguindanao: {{tt|mdh|wagia}}
* Maithili: {{t|mai|इसपात}}
* Maithili: {{tt|mai|इसपात}}
* Malagasy: {{t+|mg|tsy}}, {{t+|mg|vy mahery}}
* Malagasy: {{tt+|mg|tsy}}, {{tt+|mg|vy mahery}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|keluli}}, {{t+|ms|baja}}, {{t|ms|besi baja}}, {{t|ms|besi waja}}, {{t|ms|besi melela}}, {{t|ms|setal}}
* Malay: {{tt+|ms|keluli}}, {{tt+|ms|baja}}, {{tt|ms|besi baja}}, {{tt|ms|besi waja}}, {{tt|ms|besi melela}}, {{tt|ms|setal}}
* Malayalam: {{tt+|ml|ഉരുക്ക്|sc=Mlym}}
*: Indonesian: {{t+|id|baja}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ഉരുക്ക്|sc=Mlym}}
* Maltese: {{tt|mt|azzar|m}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|azzar|m}}
* Manx: {{tt|gv|staillinagh}}, {{tt|gv|staillin}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|staillinagh}}, {{t|gv|staillin}}
* Maori: {{tt|mi|tīra}}, {{tt|mi|maitai}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tīra}}, {{t|mi|maitai}}
* Maranao: {{tt|mrw|wadiya}}
* Maranao: {{t|mrw|wadiya}}
* Marathi: {{tt|mr|पोलाद}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|पोलाद}}
* Mingrelian: {{tt|xmf|ფულანდი}}
* Mingrelian: {{t|xmf|ფულანდი}}
* Mirandese: {{tt|mwl|aço|m}}
* Mirandese: {{t|mwl|aço|m}}
* Mon: {{tt|mnw|က္ဍာၚ်|tr=daiŋ}}
* Mongolian: {{tt+|mn|ган}}, {{tt+|mn|болд|sc=Cyrl}}
* Mon: {{t|mnw|က္ဍာၚ်|tr=daiŋ}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|ган}}, {{t+|mn|болд|sc=Cyrl}}
* Nanai: {{tt|gld|ган}}
* Nanai: {{t|gld|ган}}
* Navajo: {{tt|nv|béésh ntłʼizígíí}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|béésh ntłʼizígíí}}
* Neapolitan: {{tt|nap|acciaro}}
* Neapolitan: {{t|nap|acciaro}}
* Nenets: {{tt|yrk|сиеся|tr=siesja}}
* Nenets: {{t|yrk|сиеся|tr=siesja}}
* Norman: {{tt|nrf|acyi|m}} {{qualifier|Jersey}}
* Northern Khanty: {{tt-check|kca-nor|тарм карты}}, {{tt-check|kca-nor|этап карты}} {{attention|kca-nor|check that this is Northern Khanty and not some other variety}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|acyi|m}} {{qualifier|Jersey}}
* Norwegian:
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|stål|n}}
*: Bokmål: {{tt+|nb|stål|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|stål|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{tt|nn|stål|n}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|acièr|m}}, {{t|oc|acèr|m}} {{qualifier|Gascon}}
* Occitan: {{tt+|oc|acièr|m}}, {{tt|oc|acèr|m}} {{qualifier|Gascon}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|stīele|n}}
* Old English: {{tt|ang|stīele|n}}
* Ossetian: {{t|os|ӕндон}}, {{t|os|болат}}
* Ossetian: {{tt|os|ӕндон}}, {{tt|os|болат}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|فولاد|tr=fulâd}}, {{t+|fa|پولاد|tr=pulâd}}
* Persian: {{tt+|fa|فولاد|tr=fulâd}}, {{tt+|fa|پولاد|tr=pulâd}}
* Piedmontese: {{t|pms|assel|m}}
* Piedmontese: {{tt|pms|assel|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|stal|f}}
* Polish: {{tt+|pl|stal|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|aço|m}}
* Portuguese: {{tt+|pt|aço|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|oțel|n}}
* Romanian: {{tt+|ro|oțel|n}}
* Romansch: {{t|rm|atschal|m}}, {{t|rm|itschal|m}} {{qualifier|Sursilvan and Sutsilvan}}, {{t|rm|atschel|m}} {{qualifier|Puter}}
* Romansch: {{tt|rm|atschal|m}}, {{tt|rm|itschal|m}} {{qualifier|Sursilvan and Sutsilvan}}, {{tt|rm|atschel|m}} {{qualifier|Puter}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|сталь|f}}
* Russian: {{tt+|ru|сталь|f}}
* Samoan: {{t|sm|sila}}
* Samoan: {{tt|sm|sila}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|stàilinn|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{tt|gd|stàilinn|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|челик|m}}, {{t|sh|надо|n}}, {{t|sh|оцјел|m}}
*: Cyrillic: {{tt|sh|челик|m}}, {{tt|sh|надо|n}}, {{tt|sh|оцјел|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|čelik|m}}, {{t+|sh|nado|n}}, {{t|sh|ocjel|m}}
*: Roman: {{tt+|sh|čelik|m}}, {{tt+|sh|nado|n}}, {{tt|sh|ocjel|m}}
* Shan: {{t|shn|သမ်ႇမၼီႉ}}
* Shan: {{tt|shn|သမ်ႇမၼီႉ}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|azzaru|m}}
* Sicilian: {{tt+|scn|azzaru|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|oceľ|f}}
* Slovak: {{tt|sk|oceľ|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|jeklo|n}}
* Slovene: {{tt+|sl|jeklo|n}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|болот}}, {{t|alt|болоды}}
* Southern Altai: {{tt|alt|болот}}, {{tt|alt|болоды}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|acero|m}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|acero|m}}
* Sundanese: {{t|su|waja}}
* Sundanese: {{tt|su|waja}}
* Svan: {{t|sva|ფოლა̈დ}}
* Svan: {{tt|sva|ფოლა̈დ}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|feleji}}, {{t|sw|chuma cha pua}}
* Swahili: {{tt|sw|feleji}}, {{tt|sw|chuma cha pua}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|stål|n}}
* Swedish: {{tt+|sv|stål|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|paslip}}, {{t+|tl|asero}}, {{t|tl|patalim}}
* Tagalog: {{tt|tl|paslip}}, {{tt+|tl|asero}}, {{tt|tl|patalim}}
* Tahitian: {{t|ty|ʻāuri}}
* Tahitian: {{tt|ty|ʻāuri}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|пӯлод}}
* Tajik: {{tt|tg|пӯлод}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|எஃகு|sc=Taml}}, {{t+|ta|உருக்கு|sc=Taml}}
* Tamil: {{tt+|ta|எஃகு|sc=Taml}}, {{tt+|ta|உருக்கு|sc=Taml}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|корыч}}
* Tatar: {{tt+|tt|корыч}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|ఉక్కు}}
* Telugu: {{tt+|te|ఉక్కు}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|เหล็ก}}, {{t+|th|เหล็กกล้า|tr=lèk glâa}}
* Thai: {{tt+|th|เหล็ก}}, {{tt+|th|เหล็กกล้า|tr=lèk glâa}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ངར་ལྕགས}}
* Tibetan: {{tt|bo|ངར་ལྕགས}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ኣቻዮ}}
* Tigrinya: {{tt|ti|ኣቻዮ}}
* Tongan: {{t|to|sitila}}
* Tongan: {{tt|to|sitila}}
* Tundra Enets: {{t|enh|бяси|tr=bjasi}}
* Tundra Enets: {{tt|enh|бяси|tr=bjasi}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|çelik}}
* Turkish: {{tt+|tr|çelik}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|polat}}
* Turkmen: {{tt|tk|polat}}
* Tuvan: {{t|tyv|булат}}, {{t|tyv|каң}}
* Tuvan: {{tt|tyv|булат}}, {{tt|tyv|каң}}
* Udmurt: {{t|udm|андан}}, {{t|udm|сталь}}
* Udmurt: {{tt|udm|андан}}, {{tt|udm|сталь}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|сталь|f}}, {{t+|uk|кри́ця|f}}
* Ukrainian: {{tt+|uk|сталь|f}}, {{tt+|uk|кри́ця|f}}
* Upper Sorbian: {{t|hsb|wocl}}
* Upper Sorbian: {{tt|hsb|wocl}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|اسپات|m|tr=ispāt}}, {{t|ur|فولاد|f|tr=fūlād}}
* Urdu: {{tt|ur|اسپات|m|tr=ispāt}}, {{tt|ur|فولاد|f|tr=fūlād}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|پولات|sc=ug-Arab}}
* Uyghur: {{tt|ug|پولات|sc=ug-Arab}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|poʻlat}}
* Uzbek: {{tt+|uz|poʻlat}}
* Venetian: {{t|vec|açal}}, {{t|vec|çal}}, {{t|vec|azhal}}, {{t|vec|asal}}
* Venetian: {{tt|vec|açal}}, {{tt|vec|çal}}, {{tt|vec|azhal}}, {{tt|vec|asal}}
* Veps: {{t|vep|teraz}}
* Veps: {{tt|vep|teraz}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thép}}
* Vietnamese: {{tt+|vi|thép}}
* Vilamovian: {{t|wym|śtöł|m}}
* Vilamovian: {{tt|wym|śtöł|m}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|stal}}
* Volapük: {{tt+|vo|stal}}
* Võro: {{t|vro|teräs}}
* Võro: {{tt|vro|teräs}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|dur|m}}, {{t|cy|stil|f}}
* Welsh: {{tt+|cy|dur|m}}, {{tt|cy|stil|f}}
* West Flemish: {{t|vls|stoal}}
* West Flemish: {{tt|vls|stoal}}
* West Frisian: {{t|fy|steal|n}}
* West Frisian: {{tt|fy|steal|n}}
* Xhosa: {{t|xh|isinyithi}}, {{t|xh|isitali}}
* Xhosa: {{tt|xh|isinyithi}}, {{tt|xh|isitali}}
* Yakut: {{t|sah|ыстаал}}
* Yakut: {{tt|sah|ыстаал}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|שטאָל|n}}
* Yiddish: {{tt|yi|שטאָל|n}}
* Yoruba: {{t|yo|irin}}
* Yoruba: {{tt|yo|irin}}
* Zazaki: {{t|zza|çalıg}}
* Zazaki: {{tt|zza|çalıg}}
* Zulu: {{t|zu|isitili|7|8}}
* Zulu: {{tt|zu|isitili|7|8}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


{{trans-top|honing steel}}
{{trans-top|honing steel}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|точило|n}}
* Bulgarian: {{tt+|bg|точило|n}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|xaira|f}}
* Catalan: {{tt|ca|xaira|f}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|ocílka|f}}
* Czech: {{tt|cs|ocílka|f}}
* French: {{t+|fr|fusil|m}}
* French: {{tt+|fr|fusil|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|о́стрило|n}}
* Macedonian: {{tt|mk|о́стрило|n}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|chaira|f}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|chaira|f}}
* Zazaki: {{t|zza|sitıl}}
* Zazaki: {{tt|zza|sitıl}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


Line 446: Line 450:
|passage=King Peter attributed his father's, King Alexander's, death to the fact that...he had not worn his '''steel'''-mesh bullet-proof shirt.}}
|passage=King Peter attributed his father's, King Alexander's, death to the fact that...he had not worn his '''steel'''-mesh bullet-proof shirt.}}
# [[similar|Similar]] to steel in [[color]], [[strength]], or the like; [[steely]].
# [[similar|Similar]] to steel in [[color]], [[strength]], or the like; [[steely]].
#* {{circa|1560}} T. Phaer translating Vergil, ''Nyne Fyrst Books of the Eneidos'', X:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1560|translator=T. Phaer|author=Vergil|title=Nyne Fyrst Books of the Eneidos|section=X
#*: Wher neuer cessing soyle doth '''steele'''bright stuff send out from mines.
|passage=Wher neuer cessing soyle doth '''steele'''bright stuff send out from mines.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Sonnets|sonnet=133|text=Prison my heart in thy '''steele''' bosomes warde.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Sonnets|sonnet=133|text=Prison my heart in thy '''steele''' bosomes warde.}}
# {{lb|en|business}} Of or [[belonging]] to the [[manufacture]] or [[trade]] in steel.
# {{lb|en|business}} Of or [[belonging]] to the [[manufacture]] or [[trade]] in steel.
Line 459: Line 463:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1675|author=G. Harvey|title=Dis. of London|section=XXIV, 264
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1675|author=G. Harvey|title=Dis. of London|section=XXIV, 264
|passage=I have found a singular Virtue in '''Steel''' drops, præpared after my Mode.}}
|passage=I have found a singular Virtue in '''Steel''' drops, præpared after my Mode.}}
#* '''1713''' Feb 17, {{w|Jonathan Swift}}, ''Journal to Stella'', II, 622:
#* {{quote-text|en|date=Feb 17 1713|publisher=w:Jonathan Swift|title=Journal to Stella|section=II, 622
#*: I...take some nasty '''steel''' drops, & [[my|may]] head has been bettr.
|passage=I...take some nasty '''steel''' drops, & [[my|may]] head has been bettr.}}
# {{lb|en|printing}} [[engraved|Engraved]] on steel.
# {{lb|en|printing}} [[engraved|Engraved]] on steel.
#* '''1880''', {{w|Mark Twain}}, letter:
#* '''1880''', {{w|Mark Twain}}, letter:
Line 466: Line 470:


=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|made of steel}}
{{trans-top|made of steel}}{{multitrans|data=
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|ŝtala}}
* Bulgarian: {{tt|bg|стоманен}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|стоманен}}
* Czech: {{tt+|cs|ocelový}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|ocelový}}
* Esperanto: {{tt|eo|ŝtala}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|teräksinen}}
* Finnish: {{tt+|fi|teräksinen}}
* German: {{t+|de|stählern}}
* German: {{tt+|de|stählern}}
* Latn: {{t|la|chalybeius}}
* Latin: {{tt|la|chalybeius}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|челичен}}
* Macedonian: {{tt|mk|челичен}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ഉരുക്ക്}}
* Malayalam: {{tt+|ml|ഉരുക്ക്}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|stīelen}}
* Old English: {{tt|ang|stīelen}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|stalowy|m}}
* Polish: {{tt+|pl|stalowy|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|стально́й}}
* Russian: {{tt+|ru|стально́й}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|acerado}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|acerado}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|стале́вий}}, {{t|uk|стальни́й}}, {{t|uk|стальо́вий}}, {{t+|uk|кри́це́вий}}
* Ukrainian: {{tt|uk|стале́вий}}, {{tt|uk|стальни́й}}, {{tt|uk|стальо́вий}}, {{tt+|uk|кри́це́вий}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


{{trans-top|similar to steel in color, strength, or the like}}
{{trans-top|similar to steel in color, strength, or the like}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|acerado}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|acerado}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|стале́вий}}, {{t|uk|стальни́й}}, {{t|uk|стальо́вий}}, {{t+|uk|кри́це́вий}}
* Ukrainian: {{tt|uk|стале́вий}}, {{tt|uk|стальни́й}}, {{tt|uk|стальо́вий}}, {{tt+|uk|кри́це́вий}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


Line 491: Line 496:


# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[edge]], [[cover]], or [[point]] with steel.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[edge]], [[cover]], or [[point]] with steel.
#* {{circa|1240}} ''Sawles Warde'' in ''The Cotton Homilies'', 253:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1240|chapter=Sawles Warde|title=The Cotton Homilies|section=253
#*: Hure þolien ant a beoren hare unirude duntes wið mealles '''istelet'''.
|passage=Hure þolien ant a beoren hare unirude duntes wið mealles '''istelet'''.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3|I|i|line=148|text=Ile in to vrge his hatred more to Clarence, With lies well '''steeld''' with weighty arguments.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3|I|i|line=148|text=Ile in to vrge his hatred more to Clarence, With lies well '''steeld''' with weighty arguments.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1651|author=Bishop Jeremy Taylor|title=XXVIII Sermons Preacht at Golden Grove, Being for the Summer Half-year|section=XIX 248
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1651|author=Bishop Jeremy Taylor|title=XXVIII Sermons Preacht at Golden Grove, Being for the Summer Half-year|section=XIX 248
Line 499: Line 504:
|passage=It was the common notion...that the art of '''steeling''' tools in the highest degree of perfection was certainly lost to the moderns.}}
|passage=It was the common notion...that the art of '''steeling''' tools in the highest degree of perfection was certainly lost to the moderns.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[harden]] or [[strengthen]]; to [[nerve]] or [[make]] [[obdurate]]; to [[fortify]] against.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[harden]] or [[strengthen]]; to [[nerve]] or [[make]] [[obdurate]]; to [[fortify]] against.
#* '''1581''', A. Hall translating Homer, ''10 Bks. Iliades'', VI&thinsp;110:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1581|translator=A. Hall|author=Homer|title=10 Bks. Iliades|section=VI 110
#*: But stil he was so '''steelde''' With heart so good, as victor he dead left them in the field.
|passage=But stil he was so '''steelde''' With heart so good, as victor he dead left them in the field.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Venus and Adonis|text=Giue me my heart...O giue it me lest thy hard heart '''do steele''' it, And '''being steeld''', soft sighes can neuer graue it.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Venus and Adonis|text=Giue me my heart...O giue it me lest thy hard heart '''do steele''' it, And '''being steeld''', soft sighes can neuer graue it.}}
#* '''1796''', F. Burney, ''Camilla'', II&thinsp;iv&thinsp;vi&thinsp;370:
#* '''1796''', F. Burney, ''Camilla'', II&thinsp;iv&thinsp;vi&thinsp;370:
Line 507: Line 512:
#*: The rich experience of a long life '''steeled''' in the victorious struggle with every unchristian element.
#*: The rich experience of a long life '''steeled''' in the victorious struggle with every unchristian element.
# {{lb|en|transitive|obsolete|of mirrors}} To [[back]] with steel.
# {{lb|en|transitive|obsolete|of mirrors}} To [[back]] with steel.
#* {{circa|1630}} {{w|John Donne}}, ''Sermons'', VI&thinsp;289:
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1630|author=w:John Donne|title=Sermons|section=VI 289
#*: Nay, a Crystall glasse will not show a man his face, except it be '''steeled''', except it be darkned on the backside.
|passage=Nay, a Crystall glasse will not show a man his face, except it be '''steeled''', except it be darkned on the backside.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|medicine|obsolete}} To [[treat]] a [[liquid]] with steel for [[medicinal]] [[purpose]]s.
# {{lb|en|transitive|medicine|obsolete}} To [[treat]] a [[liquid]] with steel for [[medicinal]] [[purpose]]s.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1657|translator=J. Cooke|author=J. Hall|title=Cures|section=117
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1657|translator=J. Cooke|author=J. Hall|title=Cures|section=117
Line 516: Line 521:
|passage=Tha hasn't tha Sense to '''stile''' thy own Dressing.}}
|passage=Tha hasn't tha Sense to '''stile''' thy own Dressing.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|uncommon}} To [[cause]] to [[resemble]] steel in [[appearance]].
# {{lb|en|transitive|uncommon}} To [[cause]] to [[resemble]] steel in [[appearance]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1807|author={{w|William Wordsworth}}|title=Sonn. to Liberty|section=II v
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1807|author=w:William Wordsworth|title=Sonn. to Liberty|section=II v
|passage=And lo! those waters, '''steeled''' By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield A vivid repetition of the stars.}}
|passage=And lo! those waters, '''steeled''' By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield A vivid repetition of the stars.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[steelify]]; to [[turn]] [[iron]] into steel.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[steelify]]; to [[turn]] [[iron]] into steel.
Line 537: Line 542:


=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|To harden or strengthen; to nerve or to fortify against, to brace oneself.}}
{{trans-top|To harden or strengthen; to nerve or to fortify against, to brace oneself.}}{{multitrans|data=
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|втвърдявам се}}
* Bulgarian: {{tt|bg|втвърдявам се}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|sebrat odvahu|pf}}, {{t+|cs|připravit se|pf}}, {{t|cs|obrnit se|pf}}
* Czech: {{tt|cs|sebrat odvahu|pf}}, {{tt+|cs|připravit se|pf}}, {{tt|cs|obrnit se|pf}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|whakaniwha}}
* Maori: {{tt|mi|whakaniwha}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|stålsätta}}
* Swedish: {{tt+|sv|stålsätta}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


Line 552: Line 558:
# {{lb|en|UK|crime|slang|obsolete}} [[w:Coldbath Fields Prison|Coldbath Fields Prison]] in [[London]], [[closed]] in 1877.
# {{lb|en|UK|crime|slang|obsolete}} [[w:Coldbath Fields Prison|Coldbath Fields Prison]] in [[London]], [[closed]] in 1877.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1862|author=Havelock Ellis|title=The Criminal|page=162|passage=I was lugged before the beak, who gave me six doss in the '''steel'''. [...] six months in the Bastille (the old House of Corrections), Coldbath Fields.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1862|author=Havelock Ellis|title=The Criminal|page=162|passage=I was lugged before the beak, who gave me six doss in the '''steel'''. [...] six months in the Bastille (the old House of Corrections), Coldbath Fields.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=George Augustus Sala|author2=Edmund Hodgson Yates|title=Temple Bar|volume=16|page=507
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=George Augustus Sala; Edmund Hodgson Yates|title=Temple Bar|volume=16|page=507
|passage=He said he had been in the “'''steel'''” (Coldbath Fields Prison) eight times.}}
|passage=He said he had been in the “'''steel'''” (Coldbath Fields Prison) eight times.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1879|title=Macmillan's Magazine|volume=40|page=502
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1879|title=Macmillan's Magazine|volume=40|page=502
Line 565: Line 571:


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=eelst|Leets|Teels|Teles|leets|sleet|stele|stelè|stélé|teles}}
* {{anagrams|en|a=eelst|Teles|Leets|stélé|Teels|Elets|sleet|leets|stele|stelè|teles}}


{{C|en|Alloys|Steel}}
{{C|en|Alloys|Steel}}
Line 575: Line 581:


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-steel.wav|Audio}}
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-steel.wav}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 589: Line 595:
===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/steːl/}}
* {{IPA|nl|/steːl/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-steel.ogg|Audio}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-steel.ogg}}
* {{hyph|nl|steel}}
* {{hyph|nl|steel}}
* {{rhymes|nl|eːl|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|nl|eːl|s=1}}
Line 600: Line 606:


# [[stem]] (of a plant)
# [[stem]] (of a plant)
⚫
#: {{syn|nl|stengel}}
# [[handle]] (of a broom, a pan)
# [[handle]] (of a broom, a pan)

=====Synonyms=====
⚫
* {{sense|stem}} {{l|nl|stengel}}


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|nl
* {{l|nl|bezemsteel}}
|bezemsteel
⚫
* {{l|nl|pijpensteel}}
|groensteel
⚫
* {{l|nl|steelpan}}
⚫
|pijpensteel
⚫
|steelpan
|zwartsteel
}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
Line 616: Line 624:
{{head|nl|verb form}}
{{head|nl|verb form}}


# {{nl-verb form of|p=1|n=sg|t=pres|m=ind|stelen}}
# {{infl of|nl|stelen||1|s|pres|ind|;|imp}}
# {{nl-verb form of|m=imp|stelen}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===

Revision as of 01:22, 30 June 2024

See also: Steel

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English stele, stel, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī (“something made of steel”), enlargement of *stahl (“steel”), from Proto-Germanic *stahlą, from *stah- or *stag- (“to be firm, rigid”), from Proto-Indo-European *stak- (“to stay, to be firm”).[1] Compare Scots stele, Yola stehli.

Noun

steel (countable and uncountable, plural steels)

  1. (countable, uncountable) An artificial metal produced from iron, harder and more elastic than elemental iron; used figuratively as a symbol of hardness.
    • c. 725, Corpus Gloss., published 1431:
      Ocearium stæli.
    • c. 825, Epinal Gloss., section 49:
      Accearium steeli.
    • c. 1275, Laȝamon, Brut, 12916:
      Þe alle þine leomen wule to-draȝen. þeh þu weore stel al.
    • c. 1473, Raoul Le Fèvre, translated by William Caxton, The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, section I:
      Employeng the steell of his swerd the most best wyse that in hym was possible.
    • c. 1480, St. Mary Magdalen, 408 in 1896, W. M. Metcalfe, Legends Saints Sc. Dial., I 267:
      Weman...with wordis cane rycht wele our-cum mene hard as stele.
    • 1601, Pliny, translated by P. Holland, Hist. World, II xxxiv xiv 514:
      The purest part thereof [of iron ore] which in Latine is called Nucleus ferri, i. the kernell or heart of the yron (and it is that which we call steele)
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: [...] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 15:12:
      Shall yron breake the Northren yron, and the steele?
      (The Hebrew word is נחשת meaning copper. "Bow of steele" occurs in three places translating קשת נחושה.)
    • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: [...] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], line 33:
      ...Like a man of Steele.
    • 1839, A. Ure, Dict. Arts, published 1172:
      The bars are exposed to two or three successive processes of cementation, and are hence said to be twice or thrice converted into steels.
    • 1946, Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry, 4th edition, VII 47 1:
      Steel may be roughly defined as an alloy of iron and carbon containing up to 1.7% carbon, all of the carbon being in the combined condition. A second definition, distinguishing it from cast or wrought iron, is that it has been produced in the molten condition, and a third states that steel can be hardened by quenching from a suitably high temperature. There are...certain exceptions to all these definitions.
    • 1976 Jul, Scientific American, 68 2:
      For the iron to be made into steel (defined as iron with a carefully controlled carbon content of 1.7 percent or less) the sulfur, the silicon, and the excess carbon must be removed.
  2. (countable) Any item made of this metal, particularly including:
    1. Bladed or pointed weapons, as swords, javelins, daggers.
      • c. 1250, The Owl & the Nightengale, published 1030:
        For heom ne may halter ne bridel Bringe from here wode wyse, Ne mon mid stele ne mid ire.
      • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: [...] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 35:
        For braue Macbeth (well hee deſerues that Name)
        Diſdayning Fortune, with his brandiſht Steele,
        Which ſmoak'd with bloody execution
        (Like Valours Minion) caru'd out his paſſage.
      • 1712, Lord Shaftesbury, Characteristicks, III 115:
        But who wou'd dream that out of abundant Charity and Brotherly Love shou'd come Steel, Fire, Gibbets, Rods.
      • 1892, Rudyard Kipling, Barrack-room Ballads, section 139:
        They have asked for the steel. They shall have it now; Out cutlasses and board!
      • 1905, Saxo Grammaticus, translated by Oliver Elton, The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus, section II:
        While one man was beating off the swords, the waters stole up silently and took him. Contrariwise, another was struggling with the waves, when the steel came up and encompassed him. The flowing waters were befouled with the gory spray. Thus the Ruthenians were conquered...
    2. A piece used for striking sparks from flint.
      • c. 1220, Bestiary, section 535:
        Of ston mid stel in ðe tunder wel to brennen one ðis wunder.
      • 1660, Robert Boyle, New Experiments Physico-mechanicall, XIV 89:
        The Cock falling with its wonted violence upon the Steel.
    3. Armor.
    4. A honing steel, a tool used to sharpen or hone metal blades.
      • 1541 in 1844, J. Stuart, Extracts of the Council Register of Aberdeen, I 176:
        The steill to scherp the schawing jrne.
      • 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: [...] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:
        When he came to Nottingham, he entered that part of the market where butchers stood, and took up his inn in the best place he could find. Next, he opened his stall and spread his meat upon the bench, then, taking his cleaver and steel and clattering them together, he trolled aloud in merry tones...
    5. (sewing) Pieces used to strengthen, support, or expand an item of clothing.
      • 1608, G. Markham et al., Dumbe Knight, section I:
        I haue a ruffe is a quarter deep, measured by the yeard... You haue a pretty set too, how big is the steele you set with?
      • 1904 February 22, Daily Chron, 5 4:
        I suppose the bullet must have struck the steels in my corsets.
    6. (dialectal) A flat iron.
      • 1638, J. Taylor, Bull, Beare, & Horse, C5:
        One of them having occasion to use a Steele, smoothing Iron, or some such kinde of Laundry Instrument.
    7. (sewing, dialectal) A sewing needle; a knitting needle; a sharp metal stylus.
      • 1785, William Cowper, Task, IV 165:
        The threaded steel...Flies swiftly.
    8. (printing) An engraving plate:
      • 1843, J. Ballantine, The gaberlunzie's wallet. With numerous illustrations on steel and wood.:
      • 1887 June 11, Athenæum, 779 1:
        A re-issue of the Examples of the Architecture of Venice. By John Ruskin... With the Text, and the 16 Plates (10 Steels and 6 Lithographs) as originally published.
    9. Projectiles.
      • 1898 June 1, Westminster Gazette, 5 1:
        The crews at the port batteries were pumping steel at the enemy.
    10. (sewing) A fringe of beads or decoration of this metal.
      • 1899 January 26, Daily News, 6 3:
        A trailing skirt embroidered in what is termed fine steel.
    11. (music, guitar) A type of slide used while playing the steel guitar.
  3. (uncountable, medicine, obsolete) Medicinal consumption of this metal; chalybeate medicine; (eventually) any iron or iron-treated water consumed as a medical treatment.
    • 1649, H. Hammond, Christians Obligations, X 253:
      A stronger physick is now necessary, perhaps a whole course of steel: A physick, God knowes, that this Kingdome hath been under five or six yeares.
    • 1704, J. Harris, Lexicon Technicum, volume L:
      Steel is not so good as Iron for Medicinal Operation.
    • 1712 September 18, Journal to Stella, Jonathan Swift, II 558:
      The Doctor tells me I must go into a Course of Steel, tho I have not the Spleen.
    • 1866, Princess Alice, Mem., section 158:
      I...am really only kept alive by steel.
  4. (uncountable, colors) The gray hue of this metal; steel-gray, or steel blue.
    • 1851 Dec 28, E. Ruskin, letter in 1965, M. Lutyens, Effie in Venice, II 236:
      Falkenhayn gave...to Jane a steel glacé silk dress.
    • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Chapter 132”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
      It was a clear steel-blue day. The firmaments of air and sea were hardly separable in that all-pervading azure; only, the pensive air was transparently pure and soft, with a woman’s look, and the robust and man-like sea heaved with long, strong, lingering swells, as Samson’s chest in his sleep.
  5. (figurative) Extreme hardness or resilience.
Hyponyms
Hyponyms from steel (noun)
Derived terms
Terms derived from steel (noun)
Translations

Adjective

steel (not comparable)

  1. Made of steel.
  2. Similar to steel in color, strength, or the like; steely.
  3. (business) Of or belonging to the manufacture or trade in steel.
  4. (medicine, obsolete) Containing steel.
    • 1652, J. French, York-shire Spaw, X, 92:
      To mix some Sugar of steel, or steel wine with the first glass.
    • 1675, G. Harvey, Dis. of London, XXIV, 264:
      I have found a singular Virtue in Steel drops, præpared after my Mode.
    • 1713 February 17, Journal to Stella, Jonathan Swift, II, 622:
      I...take some nasty steel drops, & may head has been bettr.
  5. (printing) Engraved on steel.
    • 1880, Mark Twain, letter:
      The best picture I have had yet is the steel frontis-piece to my new book.
Translations

Verb

steel (third-person singular simple present steels, present participle steeling, simple past and past participle steeled)

  1. (transitive) To edge, cover, or point with steel.
    • c. 1240, “Sawles Warde”, in The Cotton Homilies, section 253:
      Hure þolien ant a beoren hare unirude duntes wið mealles istelet.
    • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: [...] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 148:
      Ile in to vrge his hatred more to Clarence, With lies well steeld with weighty arguments.
    • 1651, Bishop Jeremy Taylor, XXVIII Sermons Preacht at Golden Grove, Being for the Summer Half-year, XIX 248:
      When God...draws aside his curtain, and shows his arsenal and his armory, full of arrows steeled with wrath.
    • 1831, John Holland, A Treatise on the Progressive Improvement and Present State of the Manufactures in Metal, I 220:
      It was the common notion...that the art of steeling tools in the highest degree of perfection was certainly lost to the moderns.
  2. (transitive) To harden or strengthen; to nerve or make obdurate; to fortify against.
    • 1581, Homer, translated by A. Hall, 10 Bks. Iliades, VI 110:
      But stil he was so steelde With heart so good, as victor he dead left them in the field.
    • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: [...] Richard Field, […], →OCLC; Shakespeare’s Venus & Adonis: […], 4th edition, London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, →OCLC:
      Giue me my heart...O giue it me lest thy hard heart do steele it, And being steeld, soft sighes can neuer graue it.
      The spelling has been modernized.
    • 1796, F. Burney, Camilla, II iv vi 370:
      Steel yourself, then, firmly to withstand attacks from the cruel and unfeeling.
    • 1882, F. W. Farrar, Early Days Christianity, II 380:
      The rich experience of a long life steeled in the victorious struggle with every unchristian element.
  3. (transitive, obsolete, of mirrors) To back with steel.
    • c. 1630, John Donne, Sermons, VI 289:
      Nay, a Crystall glasse will not show a man his face, except it be steeled, except it be darkned on the backside.
  4. (transitive, medicine, obsolete) To treat a liquid with steel for medicinal purposes.
    • 1657, J. Hall, translated by J. Cooke, Cures, section 117:
      She drunk her drink steeled, with which she was cured.
  5. (transitive, dialectal) To press with a flat iron.
    • 1746, Exmoor Scolding, 3rd edition, II 14:
      Tha hasn't tha Sense to stile thy own Dressing.
  6. (transitive, uncommon) To cause to resemble steel in appearance.
    • 1807, William Wordsworth, Sonn. to Liberty, II v:
      And lo! those waters, steeled By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield A vivid repetition of the stars.
  7. (transitive) To steelify; to turn iron into steel.
    • 1853, Jrnl. Franklin Inst., CXXV 303:
      By passing an electric current thus through the bars the operation of steeling is much hastened.
    • 1977 Oct, Scientific American, 127 1:
      It seems evident that by the beginning of the 10th century B.C. blacksmiths were intentionally steeling iron.
  8. (transitive) To electroplate an item, particularly an engraving plate, with a layer of iron.
    • 1880, P. G. Hamerton, Etching & Etchers, 3rd edition, section 342:
      My large dry-point,...called Two Stumps of Driftwood, gave 1000 copies (after being steeled) without perceptible wearing.
  9. (transitive) To sharpen with a honing steel.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

From French Bastille (a French prison).[2]

Proper noun

steel

  1. (UK, crime, slang, obsolete) Coldbath Fields Prison in London, closed in 1877.
    • 1862, Havelock Ellis, The Criminal, page 162:
      I was lugged before the beak, who gave me six doss in the steel. [...] six months in the Bastille (the old House of Corrections), Coldbath Fields.
    • 1866, George Augustus Sala, Edmund Hodgson Yates, Temple Bar, volume 16, page 507:
      He said he had been in the “steel” (Coldbath Fields Prison) eight times.
    • 1879, Macmillan's Magazine, volume 40, page 502:
      This time I got two moon for assaulting the reelers when canon. For this I went to the Steel (Bastile[sic] — Coldbath Fields Prison), having a new suit of clobber on me and about fifty blow in my brigh (pocket).
Further reading
  • 1811, Lexicon Balatronicum: Steel, the house of correction.
  • 1819, J. H. Vaux, New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Mem.: Bastile, generally called for shortnes, the steel a cant name for the House of Correction, Cold-Bath-Fields, London.

References

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "Steel, n. 1" & "v."
  2. ^ Oxford English Dictionary. "Steel, n. 2".

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch stelen, from Middle Dutch stelen.

Pronunciation

Verb

steel (present steel, present participle stelende, past participle gesteel)

  1. to steal

Derived terms

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch stēle, from Old Dutch *stelo, from Proto-West Germanic *stelō, *stalu, from Proto-Germanic *staluz, *steluz (“post, trunk, stump, stem, tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place”). Cognate with dialectal English steal (“stem, stalk”), Scots steel, stiel (“stalk”).

Noun

steel m (plural stelen, diminutive steeltje n)

  1. stem (of a plant)
    Synonym: stengel
  2. handle (of a broom, a pan)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

steel

  1. inflection of stelen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Anagrams

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