मुख: difference between revisions
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{lbor|gbm|sa|मुख}}. |
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===Noun=== |
===Noun=== |
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# [[face]] |
# [[face]] |
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[[Category:gbm:Body parts]] |
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---- |
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[[Category:sa:Mouth]] |
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==Hindi== |
==Hindi== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{bor+|hi|sa|मुख}}. {{doublet|hi|मुँह}}, a tadbhava. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{l|hi|मुखमैथुन}} |
* {{l|hi|मुखमैथुन}} |
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==Marathi== |
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---- |
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== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{inh|mr|omr|𑘦𑘳𑘏}}, from {{der|mr|sa|मुख|tr=múkha||mouth, face, visage}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{ |
* {{mr-IPA}} |
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===Noun=== |
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{{mr-noun|g=n}} |
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# {{lb|mr|anatomy}} [[mouth]] |
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#: {{syn|mr|तोंड}} |
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# {{lb|mr|anatomy}} [[face]] |
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#: {{syn|mr|चेहरा|तोंड}} |
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====Declension==== |
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{{mr-noun-c-n|मुख|mukh}} |
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===References=== |
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* {{R:mr:Berntsen}} |
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* {{R:mr:Molesworth}} |
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* {{R:mr:Vaze}} |
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==Nepali== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{der|ne|sa|मुख}}. |
From {{der|ne|sa|मुख}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{ne-IPA}} |
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===Noun=== |
===Noun=== |
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# {{lb|ne|anatomy}} [[face]] |
# {{lb|ne|anatomy}} [[face]] |
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==Old Marathi== |
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---- |
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===Noun=== |
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{{head|omr|noun|g=n}} |
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# {{form of|omr|Devanagari form|𑘦𑘳𑘏}} |
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==Pali== |
==Pali== |
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{{pi-decl-noun|मुख|a|n}} |
{{pi-decl-noun|मुख|a|n}} |
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⚫ | |||
---- |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
{{sa-alt}} |
{{sa-alt}} |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{dercat|sa|dra|}} |
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From {{inh|sa|inc-pro|*múkʰam}}, from {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*múkʰam}}, from earlier {{m|iir-pro |
From {{inh|sa|inc-pro|*múkʰam}}, from {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*múkʰam}}, from earlier {{m|iir-pro|*múkHam}}, with further origin {{uncertain|sa|nocap=1}}. |
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According to Pokorny, ultimately from {{der|sa|dra-pro|-}} and not related to {{cog|ine-pro|*mū-|t=lips, muzzle}} ({{cog|gem-pro|*mūlō}}, {{cog|en|mutter}}, {{cog|la|muttiō}}). |
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However, Mayrhofer considers an Indo-European derivation to be more likely, taking {{cog|ine-pro|*mu-}} to mean "a vocal gesture for pressed lips", and compares {{cog|grc|μῠχός|t=innermost part of a place}}, {{m|grc|μῦθος|t=word}}, and {{cog|de|Maul|t=mouth (of an animal)}}. According to him, the possibility of a borrowing from Dravidian (compare {{cog|ta|முகம்|t=face}}) or "pan-Asiatic" is possible but unlikely due to the root's presence in Vedic texts and Iranian languages. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{sa-IPA|a=1}} |
* {{sa-IPA|a=1}} |
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===Noun=== |
===Noun=== |
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====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
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* Dardic: |
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* {{desc|inc-dar-pro|*múkʰa-}} |
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** {{desc|khw|موخ|tr=mux}} |
** {{desc|khw|موخ|tr=mux}} |
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** {{desc|scl|مُک|tr=muk}} |
** {{desc|scl|مُک|tr=muk}} |
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* {{desc|as|মুহ}} |
* {{desc|as|মুহ}} |
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* {{ |
* {{desc|pra-mah|𑀫𑀼𑀳}} |
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* {{desc| |
** {{desc|omr|𑘦𑘳𑘮}} |
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* {{desctree|pi|mukha}} |
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* {{desc| |
* {{desc|pra-sau|𑀫𑀼𑀳}} |
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** {{desc|gu|મોં}} |
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** {{desc|hi|मुँह}} |
** {{desc|hi|मुँह}} |
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** {{desc|pa|ਮੂੰਹ}} |
** {{desc|pa|ਮੂੰਹ}} / {{m|pa|مُون٘ہہ}} |
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** {{desc|rom|muj}} |
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* {{desc|as|মুখ|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|as|মুখ|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc|bn|মুখ|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|bn|মুখ|bor=1}} |
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** {{desc|id|muka}} |
** {{desc|id|muka}} |
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* {{desc|ml|മുഖം|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|ml|മുഖം|bor=1}} |
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* {{ |
* {{desctree|omr|𑘦𑘳𑘏|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc|ne|मुख|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|ne|मुख|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc|pa|ਮੁਖ|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|pa|ਮੁਖ|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc|raj|मुखड़ौ|tr=mukhṛau|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|raj|मुखड़ौ|tr=mukhṛau|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc| |
* {{desc|ta|முகம்|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc|tl|mukhâ|bor=1}} |
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* {{desc|te|ముఖము|bor=1}} |
* {{desc|te|ముఖము|bor=1}} |
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===References=== |
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* {{R:MW|819/3}} |
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* {{R:sa:EWAia|vol=2|page=360}} |
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* {{R:sa:KEWA|vol=2|pages=648-649}} |
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* {{R:ine:IEW|751-52}} |
Revision as of 17:48, 29 April 2024
Garhwali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).
Noun
मुख (mukh) m
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Doublet of मुँह (mũh), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
Noun
मुख • (mukh) m (Urdu spelling مکھ)
Declension
Synonyms
Derived terms
Marathi
Etymology
From Old Marathi 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha), from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “mouth, face, visage”).
Pronunciation
Noun
मुख • (mukh) n
Declension
Declension of मुख (neut cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
मुख mukh | ||
direct plural |
मुखे, मुखं mukhe, mukha | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
मुख mukh |
मुखे, मुखं mukhe, mukha | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
मुखा mukhā |
मुखां- mukhān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
मुखाला mukhālā |
मुखांना mukhānnā | |
ergative | मुखाने, मुखानं mukhāne, mukhāna |
मुखांनी mukhānnī | |
instrumental | मुखाशी mukhāśī |
मुखांशी mukhānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
मुखात mukhāt |
मुखांत mukhāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
मुखा mukhā |
मुखांनो mukhānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of मुख (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
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singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
मुखाचा mukhāċā |
मुखाचे mukhāċe |
मुखाची mukhācī |
मुखाच्या mukhācā |
मुखाचे, मुखाचं mukhāċe, mukhāċa |
मुखाची mukhācī |
मुखाच्या mukhācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
मुखांचा mukhānċā |
मुखांचे mukhānċe |
मुखांची mukhāñcī |
मुखांच्या mukhāncā |
मुखांचे, मुखांचं mukhānċe, mukhānċa |
मुखांची mukhāñcī |
मुखांच्या mukhāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “मुख”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मुख”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “मुख”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Nepali
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
मुख • (mukh)
Old Marathi
Noun
मुख (mukha) n
- Devanagari form of 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha)
Pali
Alternative forms
Noun
मुख n
- Devanagari script form of mukha
Declension
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | मुखं (mukhaṃ) | मुखानि (mukhāni) |
Accusative (second) | मुखं (mukhaṃ) | मुखानि (mukhāni) |
Instrumental (third) | मुखेन (mukhena) | मुखेहि (mukhehi) or मुखेभि (mukhebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | मुखस्स (mukhassa) or मुखाय (mukhāya) or मुखत्थं (mukhatthaṃ) | मुखानं (mukhānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | मुखस्मा (mukhasmā) or मुखम्हा (mukhamhā) or मुखा (mukhā) | मुखेहि (mukhehi) or मुखेभि (mukhebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | मुखस्स (mukhassa) | मुखानं (mukhānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | मुखस्मिं (mukhasmiṃ) or मुखम्हि (mukhamhi) or मुखे (mukhe) | मुखेसु (mukhesu) |
Vocative (calling) | मुख (mukha) | मुखानि (mukhāni) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- মুখ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
- মুখ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
- မုခ (Burmese script)
- મુખ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂳𑂎 (Kaithi script)
- ಮುಖ (Kannada script)
- មុខ (Khmer script)
- ມຸຂ (Lao script)
- മുഖ (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
- ମୁଖ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
- මුඛ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩝 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚰𑚋 (Takri script)
- முக² (Tamil script)
- ముఖ (Telugu script)
- มุข (Thai script)
- མུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *múkʰam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *múkʰam, from earlier *múkHam, with further origin uncertain.
According to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian and not related to Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“lips, muzzle”) (Proto-Germanic *mūlō, English mutter, Latin muttiō).
However, Mayrhofer considers an Indo-European derivation to be more likely, taking Proto-Indo-European *mu- to mean "a vocal gesture for pressed lips", and compares Ancient Greek μῠχός (mukhós, “innermost part of a place”), μῦθος (mûthos, “word”), and German Maul (“mouth (of an animal)”). According to him, the possibility of a borrowing from Dravidian (compare Tamil முகம் (mukam, “face”)) or "pan-Asiatic" is possible but unlikely due to the root's presence in Vedic texts and Iranian languages.
Pronunciation
Noun
मुख • (múkha) stem, n
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of मुख (múkha) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मुखम् múkham |
मुखे múkhe |
मुखानि / मुखा¹ múkhāni / múkhā¹ |
Vocative | मुख múkha |
मुखे múkhe |
मुखानि / मुखा¹ múkhāni / múkhā¹ |
Accusative | मुखम् múkham |
मुखे múkhe |
मुखानि / मुखा¹ múkhāni / múkhā¹ |
Instrumental | मुखेन múkhena |
मुखाभ्याम् múkhābhyām |
मुखैः / मुखेभिः¹ múkhaiḥ / múkhebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | मुखाय múkhāya |
मुखाभ्याम् múkhābhyām |
मुखेभ्यः múkhebhyaḥ |
Ablative | मुखात् múkhāt |
मुखाभ्याम् múkhābhyām |
मुखेभ्यः múkhebhyaḥ |
Genitive | मुखस्य múkhasya |
मुखयोः múkhayoḥ |
मुखानाम् múkhānām |
Locative | मुखे múkhe |
मुखयोः múkhayoḥ |
मुखेषु múkheṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Assamese: মুহ (muh)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha)
- Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘮 (muha)
- Pali: mukha
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha)
- → Assamese: মুখ (mukh)
- → Bengali: মুখ (mukh)
- → Gujarati: મુખ (mukh)
- → Hindi: मुख (mukh)
- → Kannada: ಮುಖ (mukha)
- → Khmer: មុខ (muk)
- → Malay: muka
- Indonesian: muka
- → Malayalam: മുഖം (mukhaṁ)
- → Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha)
- Marathi: मुख (mukh)
- → Nepali: मुख (mukh)
- → Punjabi: ਮੁਖ (mukh)
- → Rajasthani: मुखड़ौ (mukhṛau)
- → Tamil: முகம் (mukam)
- → Tagalog: mukhâ
- → Telugu: ముఖము (mukhamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “मुख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 819/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 360
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 648-649
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “751-52”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 751-52
- Garhwali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Garhwali learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Garhwali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Garhwali lemmas
- Garhwali nouns
- Garhwali masculine nouns
- gbm:Body parts
- sa:Mouth
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- hi:Anatomy
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi neuter nouns
- mr:Anatomy
- Marathi nouns with declension
- Marathi neuter consonant-stem nouns
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- ne:Anatomy
- Old Marathi lemmas
- Old Marathi nouns
- Old Marathi neuter nouns
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Dravidian
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Anatomy
- Sanskrit neologisms
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns