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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weys-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to raise, increase
to produce, procreate

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weys- (6 c, 0 e)

*wéys-ti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wéištei
  - Latvian: viest (“to rear, raise, increase”)
  - Lithuanian: veĩsti (“to breed, rear”)
*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati
  - Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati^[4]
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝 (vōiždat̰, “to raise”)
- ⇒ *wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti (athematic root present)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždᶻdʰi
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáyḍḍʰi
      - Sanskrit: विड्ढि (viḍḍhí, “to labour, produce”, 2sg.imp.)
*wis-né-s-ti ~ *wis-n̥-s-én-ti (nasal-infix)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: vìsti (“to multiply, breed”)
*wis-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)
- Proto-Italic: *wizēō
  - Latin: vireō (see there for further descendants)
*wí-weys-ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíwayšti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíwayṣṭi
    - Sanskrit: विवेष्टि (víveṣṭi, “to labour, produce”)

*woys-ó-s (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Albanian: *waiša
  - Albanian: vesh m (“grape, wine grape”)
*wóys-eh₂ (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *waišāˀ
  - Lithuanian: vaĩsius (“fruit”)
  - Old Prussian: wēisin (“fruit”, acc.sg.)
  - Proto-Slavic: *věxà (“straw bundle”)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *waisō (“sprout, stem”)^[5]
  - Old English: wīse
  - Old Saxon: wisa
    - Middle Low German: wēse
      - Low German: Wees
    - ⇒ Old Saxon: wiska
      - Middle Low German: wische
        Low German: Wisch
  - Old Dutch:
    - Middle Dutch: wēse; wisch
  - Old High German: wīsa
    - Middle High German: wise
      - German: Wiese
  - Old Norse: vísir
    - Norwegian: veis

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 672
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 672

[Cheung-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416

[HGE-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ====Derived terms====
+{{rootsee}}
-* {{l|ine-pro||*wéys-e-ti|pos=thematic root present}}
+* {{l|ine-pro||*wéys-ti|pos=athematic root present}}
 ** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*wéištei}}
-*** {{desc|lv|viest|t=rear, raise, increase}}
+*** {{desc|lv|viest|t=to rear, raise, increase}}
 *** {{desc|lt|veĩsti|t=to breed, rear}}
 * {{l|ine-pro||*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti|pos=dʰh₁e-present}}<ref name="Cheung" />
-** {{l|ine-pro||*wéysdʰh₁-e-ti}}
+** {{desc|iir-pro|*wáyždʰHati}}
+*** {{desc|ira-pro|*wáyždHati}}<ref name="Cheung">{{R:ira:Cheung:2007|head=*u̯aižd|page=416}}</ref>
-*** {{desc|iir-pro|*wáyždʰHati}}
+**** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝|t=to raise}}
-**** {{desc|ira-pro|*wáyždHati}}<ref name="Cheung">{{R:ira:Cheung:2007|head=*u̯aižd|page=416}}</ref>
-***** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝|t=to raise}}
 ** ⇒ {{l|ine-pro||*wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti|pos=athematic root present}}
 *** {{desc|iir-pro|*wáyždᶻdʰi}}
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 ** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro}}
 *** {{desc|lt|vìsti|t=to multiply, breed}}
-* {{l|ine-pro||*wis-h₁yé-ti}}<ref name="LIV_u̯ei̯s-1" />
+* {{l|ine-pro||*wis-éh₁-ye-ti|pos=stative}}
-** {{desc|itc-pro|*wiseō}}
+** {{desctree|itc-pro|*wizēō}}
-*** {{desc|la|vireō|t=to be green, fresh}}
 * {{l|ine-pro||*wí-weys-ti|pos=i-reduplicated athematic root present}}<ref name="LIV_u̯ei̯s-3" />
 ** {{desc|iir-pro|*wíwayšti}}
@@ Line 36: / Line 35: @@
 ** {{desc|sqj-pro|*waiša}}
 *** {{desc|sq|vesh|t=grape, wine grape|g=m}}
+* {{l|ine-pro||*wóys-eh₂|t=fruit, sprout}}
 ** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*waišāˀ}}
 *** {{desc|lt|vaĩsius|t=fruit}}
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ** {{desc|gem-pro|*waisō|t=sprout, stem}}<ref name="HGE">{{R:gem:HGE|*waisō|441}}</ref>
 *** {{desc|ang|wīse}}
-*** {{desc|osx}}
+*** {{desc|osx|wisa}}
 **** {{desc|gml|wēse}}
+***** {{desc|nds|Wees}}
 **** {{desc|osx|wiska|der=1}}
 ***** {{desc|gml|wische}}
+****** {{desc|nds|Wisch}}
 *** {{desc|odt}}
-**** {{desc|dum|wese}}
+**** {{desc|dum|wēse}}; {{l|dum|wisch}}
 *** {{desc|goh|wīsa}}
-**** {{desc|gml|wese}}
+**** {{desc|gmh|wise}}
 ***** {{desc|de|Wiese}}
 *** {{desc|non|vísir}}