View source for swastika

{{also|Swastika|卐|卍}}
==English==
[[File:HinduSwastika.svg|right|thumb]]
[[File:Standarte_Adolf_Hitlers.svg|right|thumb]]

===Etymology===
{{lbor|en|sa|स्वस्तिक}}, from {{m|sa|सु-||good, well}} + {{m|sa|अस्ति}}, a verbal abstract of the root of the verb "to be", {{m|sa|स्वस्ति}} thus meaning "well-being" — and the diminutive suffix {{m|sa|क}}; hence "little thing associated with well-being", corresponding roughly to "lucky charm". First attestation in English in 1871, a Sanskritism that replaced the Grecian term {{m|en|gammadion}}. From 1932 onwards it often referred specifically to the version used by the [[NSDAP|National Socialist German Workers’ Party]] (also called the  "hooked cross", or {{nc|de|Hakenkreuz}}).

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈswɒstɪkə/|/ˈswɒstəkə/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈswɑstɪkə/|/ˈswɑstəkə/|a=GA}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-swastika.ogg|a=US}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈswɔstɘkɘ/|a=NZ}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|countable}} A [[cross]] with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of [[Nazism]] and [[fascism]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1888|author=w:Rudyard Kipling|chapter=s:The Sending of Dana Da|title=In Black and White|publisher=Folio Society|year_published=2005|pages=423–4|passage=This was signed by Dana Da, who added pentacles and pentagrams, and a ''crux ansata'', and half-a-dozen '''''swastikas''''', and a Triple Tau to his name, just to show that he was all he laid claim to be.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2009|author=w:Diarmaid MacCulloch|title=A History of Christianity|publisher=Penguin|year_published=2010|page=270|passage=It is clear from archaeological finds that they enjoyed wearing Christian crosses, though they might enliven these with such symbols as the Indian '''swastika''' which Buddhists had brought them.}}
# {{lb|en|fascism|history|metonym|uncountable}} [[Nazi]] [[rule]].
#* {{quote-av|en|year=1989|actor=Alison Doody|role=Dr. Elsa Schneider|title=Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade|text="Is that what you think of me? I believe in the Grail, not the '''Swastika'''!"}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rudolph Herzog|title=Dead Funny: Humor in Hitler's Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTIsAPQO1L0C|location=Brooklyn|publisher=Melville House|year=2011|page=36|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTIsAPQO1L0C&pg=PT36|tlr=Jefferson Chase|ISBN=1935554301|text=“I can’t imagine anyone believes in Communist culprits instead of a contract job commissioned on behalf of the '''swastika'''.”}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|Black Spider}}<!--name used by various peoples in middle and western Europe.-->
* {{sense|in heraldry}} {{l|en|crooked cross}}, {{l|en|cross cramponned}}, {{l|en|cross cramponnée}}, {{l|en|cross cramponny}}
* {{l|en|cross gammadion}}, {{l|en|gammadion}}, {{l|en|gammation}}<!-- as each arm resembles the Greek letter Γ (gamma). (Compare croiz gammée in Old French and croix gammée in French; cruz gamada in Spanish.)-->
* {{qualifier|chiefly in architecture and heraldry}} [[fylfot]]<!-- (meaning "four feet", chiefly in heraldry and architecture). (See [[w:Fylfot]] in Wikipedia for a discussion of the etymology.)-->
* {{qualifier|chiefly in India referring to the Nazi swastika}} [[hakenkreuz]]
* {{l|en|hooked cross}}<!-- as in Dutch (hakenkruis), German (Hakenkreuz), Finnish (hakaristi), Norwegian (Hakekors) and Italian (croce uncinata).-->
* {{qualifier|chiefly in East Asian Buddhism}} {{l|en|manji}}
* {{qualifier|left-facing; symbolizing the night or the tantric aspects of Kali}} {{l|en|sauwastika}}, {{l|en|sauvastika}}
* {{l|en|sun wheel}}<!-- (German Sonnenrad), a name also used as a synonym for the sun cross.-->
* {{l|en|tetraskelion}}<!-- Greek "four legged", especially when composed of four conjoined legs (compare triskelion).-->
* {{qualifier|chiefly in traditional Latvian culture}} {{l|en|thunder cross}}<!-- especially in the context of traditional Latvian culture -->
* {{l|en|twisted cross}}<!-- a name used by some WW2 vets -->

====Holonyms====
* {{l|en|kolovrat}} {{qualifier|Slavic neopaganism, far-right politics}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|half-swastika}}
{{col-auto|en|zwastika}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|a cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|swastika}}
* Albanian: {{t|sq|svastikë|f}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|صَلِيب مَعْقُوف|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|սվաստիկա}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|svastika}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|сва́стыка|f}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|স্বস্তিকচিহ্ন|tr=swostikcihno}}, {{t+|bn|স্বস্তিক}}, {{t+|bn|স্বস্তিকা|tr=śostikā}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|сва́стика|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|စကြာ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|esvàstica|f}}, {{t|ca|creu gammada|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|卍|tr=maan6}}, {{t|yue|卐|tr=maan6}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|万|tr=wàn}},{{t|cmn|万字符|tr=wànzìfú}}, {{t+|cmn|卍|tr=wàn}}, {{t+|cmn|卐|tr=wàn}}, {{t+|cmn|卍字|tr=wànzì}}, {{t|cmn|卐字|tr=wànzì}}
*: Wu: {{t|wuu|卍}}, {{t|wuu|卐}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|svastika|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|svastika}}, {{t+|da|hagekors|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|hakenkruis|n}}, {{t+|nl|swastika|f}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|svastiko}}, {{t|eo|hokokruco}} {{qualifier|in a Nazi context}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|haakrist}}, {{t|et|svastika}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|hakakrossur|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|hakaristi}}
* French: {{t+|fr|svastika|m}}, {{t+|fr|croix gammée|f}} {{q|in a Nazi context}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|სვასტიკა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Hakenkreuz|n}}, {{t+|de|Swastika|f|n|m}} {{q|especially in a non-Nazi context}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σβάστικα|f}}, {{t|el|αγκυλωτός σταυρός|m}}
* Gujarati: {{t|gu|સ્વસ્તિક}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|צְלַב קֶרֶס|m|tr=tslav kéres}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|स्वस्तिक|m}}, {{t+|hi|साथिया}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|horogkereszt}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|hakakross|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|swastika}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|svaistice|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|svastica|f}}, {{t+|it|croce gammata|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|卍|tr=まんじ, manji}}, {{t+|ja|卐|tr=まんじ, manji}}, {{t|ja|スワスティカ|tr=suwasutika}}, {{t+|ja|鉤十字|tr=kagijūji}}
* Kannada: {{t|kn|ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿಕ}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|свастика}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ស្វស្តិក}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|만자문(卍字紋)}}, {{t|ko|스와스티카}}, {{t+|ko|만자(卍字)}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|свастика}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ສວັດສະຕິກະ}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|svastika|f}}, {{t|lv|kāškrusts|n}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|svastika|f}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|Hakekräiz|n}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|кукест крст|m}}, {{t|mk|свастика|f}}
* Maharastri Prakrit: {{t|pra-mah|𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|banji}} {{q|in regional architecture}}, {{t|ms|swastika}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|crosh chast|f}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|хас}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|náhookǫs}}, {{t|nv|náhootałii}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|hakekors|n}}, {{t|nb|svastika|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|hakekors|n}}, {{t|nn|hakekross|m}}, {{t|nn|svastika|m}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|svastica|f}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|صلیب شکسته|tr=salib-e šekaste}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|swastyka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|suástica|f}}, {{t|pt|cruz gamada|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|svastică|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|сва́стика|f}}, {{t+|ru|коловра́т|m}} {{q|in Slavic neopaganism}}
* Samogitian: {{t|sgs|svastėka|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|स्वस्तिक|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|сва̀стика|f}}, {{t|sh|ко̏ловра̑т|m}}, {{t|sh|кукасти крст|m}}, {{t|sh|сварзица|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|svàstika|f}}, {{t+|sh|kȍlovrȃt|m}}, {{t|sh|kukasti krst|m}}, {{t|sh|svarzica|f}}
* Silesian: {{t|szl|hakenkrojc}}
* Sinhalese: {{t|si|ස්වස්තික}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|svastika|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|svastika|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|esvástica|f}}, {{t|es|cruz gamada|f}}, {{t+|es|suástica|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|hakkors|n}}, {{t+|sv|svastika|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|свастика}}
* Telugu: {{t|te|స్వస్తిక}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|สวัสติกะ}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|གཡུང་དྲུང་}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|svastik}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|gamalı haç}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|swastika}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|сва́стика|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|سوستک|m|tr=svastik}}, {{t|ur|سواستیکا|tr=svāstikā}}
* Uzbek: {{t|uz|svastika}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|chữ vạn}} ({{t|vi|字卍}})
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|האַקנקרייץ}}, {{t|yi|סװאַסטיקע|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{pedia}}

{{c|en|Crosses|Nazism|Religion|Shapes|Symbols}}

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|nl|sa|स्वस्तिक}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-swastika.ogg}}

===Noun===
{{nl-noun|f|g2=m|-'s|-}}

# {{l|en|swastika}}
#: {{syn|nl|hakenkruis}}

{{C|nl|Nazism|Religion}}

==French==

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|mf}}

# {{alt sp|fr|svastika}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Indonesian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|id|ms|swastika}}. Ultimately from {{der|id|sa|स्वस्तिक}}.

===Noun===
{{id-noun}}
# {{l|en|swastika}}

{{C|id|Religion}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

==Tagalog==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|tl|suwastika}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|tl|en|swastika}}, from {{der|tl|sa|स्वस्तिक}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr|swástika}}

===Noun===
{{tl-noun|swástiká|b=+}}

# {{l|en|swastika}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}