View source for steel

{{also|Steel}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|steele||obsolete}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|stēl}}, {{IPA|en|/stiːl/|[stiːɫ]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-steel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{homophones|en|steal|stele}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːl|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|stele}}, {{m|enm|stel}}, from {{inh|en|ang|stīele}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*stahlī|t=something made of steel}}, enlargement of {{m|gmw-pro|*stahl|t=steel}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*stahlą}}, from {{m|gem-pro|*stah-}} or {{m|gem-pro|*stag-|t=to be firm, rigid}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*stak-|t=to stay, to be firm}}.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', "Steel, n. 1" & "v."</ref> Compare {{cog|sco|stele}}, {{cog|yol|stehli}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{senseid|en|Q11427}}{{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} An [[artificial]] [[metal]] [[produce]]d from [[iron]], [[harder]] and [[more]] [[elastic]] than [[elemental]] iron; [[used]] [[figuratively]] as a [[symbol]] of [[hardness]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 725|title=Corpus Gloss.|year_published=1431
|passage=''Ocearium'' '''stæli'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 825|title=Epinal Gloss.|section=49
|passage=''Accearium'' '''steeli'''.}}
#* {{circa|1275}}, Laȝamon, ''Brut'', 12916:
#*: Þe alle þine leomen wule to-draȝen. þeh þu weore '''stel''' al.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1473|translator=w:William Caxton|author=Raoul Le Fèvre|title=The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye|section=I
|passage=Employeng the '''steell''' of his swerd the most best wyse that in hym was possible.}}
#* {{circa|1480}}, ''St. Mary Magdalen'', 408 in 1896, W. M. Metcalfe, ''Legends Saints Sc. Dial.'', I&thinsp;267:
#*: [[women|Weman]]...with [[words|wordis]] [[can]]e [[right|rycht]] [[well|wele]] [[overcome|our-cum]] [[men]]e hard as '''stele'''.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1601|translator=P. Holland|author=Pliny|title=Hist. World|section=II xxxiv xiv 514
|passage=The purest part thereof [of iron ore] which in Latine is called ''Nucleus ferri'', i. the kernell or heart of the yron (and it is that which we call '''steele''')}}
#*{{RQ:King James Version|Jeremiah|15|12|passage=Shall yron breake the Northren yron, and the '''steele'''?|url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/search1611.php?hs=1&q=steel|footer=(The Hebrew word is נחשת meaning [[copper]]. "Bow of steele" occurs in three places translating קשת נחושה.)}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra|IV|iv|line=33|text=...Like a man of '''Steele'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1839|author=A. Ure|title=Dict. Arts|year_published=1172
|passage=The bars are exposed to two or three successive processes of [[cementation]], and are hence said to be twice or thrice converted into '''steels'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1946|title=Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry|edition=4th|section=VII 47 1
|passage='''Steel''' may be roughly defined as an alloy of iron and carbon containing up to 1.7% [[carbon]], all of the carbon being in the combined condition. A second definition, distinguishing it from [[cast iron|cast]] or [[wrought iron]], is that it has been produced in the [[molten]] condition, and a third states that '''steel''' can be hardened by [[quench]]ing from a suitably high temperature. There are...certain exceptions to all these definitions.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1976|month=Jul|journal=Scientific American|section=68 2
|passage=For the iron to be made into '''steel''' (defined as iron with a carefully controlled carbon content of 1.7 percent or less) the [[sulfur]], the [[silicon]], and the excess carbon must be removed.}}
# {{lb|en|countable}} [[any|Any]] [[item]] [[made]] of [[this]] [[metal]], [[particularly]] [[including]]:
## [[bladed|Bladed]] or [[pointed]] [[weapon]]s, as [[sword]]s, [[javelin]]s, [[dagger]]s.
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1250|title=The Owl & the Nightengale|year_published=1030
|passage=For heom ne may halter ne bridel Bringe from here wode wyse, Ne mon mid '''stele''' ne mid ire.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Macbeth|I|ii|line=35|text=For braue ''Macbeth'' (well hee deſerues that Name)<br>Diſdayning Fortune, with his brandiſht '''Steele''',<br>Which ſmoak'd with bloody execution<br>(Like Valours Minion) caru'd out his paſſage.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1712|author=Lord Shaftesbury|title=Characteristicks|section=III 115
|passage=But who [[would|wou'd]] dream that out of abundant Charity and Brotherly Love [[should|shou'd]] come '''Steel''', Fire, [[gibbet|Gibbets]], Rods.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1892|author=w:Rudyard Kipling|title=Barrack-room Ballads|section=139
|passage=They have asked for the '''steel'''. They shall have it now; Out [[cutlass]]es and board!}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1905|translator=Oliver Elton|author=w:Saxo Grammaticus|title=[[s:The Danish History/Book II|The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus]]|section=II
|passage=While one man was beating off the swords, the waters stole up silently and took him. Contrariwise, another was struggling with the waves, when the '''steel''' came up and encompassed him. The flowing waters were befouled with the gory spray. Thus the Ruthenians were conquered...}}
<!-- '''2018''', [Exact Date], Warhammer: Vermintide 2, Microsoft Windows, [Consoles]:
[When out of ammunition; referring to being limited to their melee weapon for now]
Victor Saltzpyre: Now '''steel''' alone must serve! -->
## A [[piece]] [[used]] for [[striking]] [[spark]]s from [[flint]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1220|title=Bestiary|section=535
|passage=Of ston mid '''stel''' in ðe tunder wel to brennen one ðis wunder.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1660|author=w:Robert Boyle|title=New Experiments Physico-mechanicall|section=XIV 89
|passage=The Cock falling with its wonted violence upon the '''Steel'''.}}
## [[armor|Armor]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1330|title=Sir Tristrem|section=L 3324
|passage=[[they|Þai]] gun [[him|hem]] [[both|boþe]] [[armed|armi]] In [[iron|iren]] and '''stiel''' [[that|þat]] [[tide]].}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Hamlet|I|iv|33|text=In compleate '''steele'''.}}
##* {{RQ:Milton Comus|421|text=She that has [chastity], is clad in compleat '''steel'''.}}
## A [[honing steel]], a [[tool]] [[used to]] [[sharpen]] or [[hone]] [[metal]] [[blade]]s.
##* '''1541''' in 1844, J. Stuart, ''Extracts of the Council Register of Aberdeen'', I&thinsp;176:
##*: The '''steill''' to scherp the schawing jrne.
##* {{RQ:Pyle Robin Hood|chapter=V|passage=When he came to Nottingham, he entered that part of the market where butchers stood, and took up his inn in the best place he could find. Next, he opened his stall and spread his meat upon the bench, then, taking his cleaver and '''steel''' and clattering them together, he trolled aloud in merry tones...}}
## {{lb|en|sewing}} [[piece|Piece]]s [[used]] to [[strengthen]], [[support]], or [[expand]] an [[item]] of [[clothing]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1608|author=G. Markham; et al|title=Dumbe Knight|section=I
|passage=I [[have|haue]] a [[ruff]]e is a quarter deep, measured by the [[yard|yeard]]... You haue a pretty set too, how big is the '''steele''' you set with?}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Feb 22 1904|journal=Daily Chron|section=5 4
|passage=I suppose the bullet must have struck the '''steels''' in my corsets.}}
## {{lb|en|dialectal}} A [[flat iron]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1638|author=J. Taylor|title=Bull, Beare, & Horse|section=C5
|passage=One of them having occasion to use a '''Steele''', smoothing Iron, or some such kinde of Laundry Instrument.}}
## {{lb|en|sewing|dialectal}} A [[sewing]] [[needle]]; a [[knitting needle]]; a [[sharp]] [[metal]] [[stylus]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1785|author=w:William Cowper|title=Task|section=IV 165
|passage=The threaded '''steel'''...Flies swiftly.}}
## {{lb|en|printing}} An [[engraving]] [[plate]]:
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1843|author=J. Ballantine|title=The gaberlunzie's wallet. With numerous illustrations on '''steel''' and wood.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Jun 11 1887|journal=Athenæum|section=779 1
|passage=A re-issue of the ''Examples of the Architecture of Venice''. By John Ruskin... With the Text, and the 16 Plates (10 '''Steels''' and 6 Lithographs) as originally published.}}
## [[projectile|Projectile]]s.
##* {{quote-text|en|date=Jun 1 1898|title=Westminster Gazette|section=5 1
|passage=The crews at the port batteries were pumping '''steel''' at the enemy.}}
## {{lb|en|sewing}} A [[fringe]] of [[bead]]s or [[decoration]] of [[this]] [[metal]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=Jan 26 1899|journal=Daily News|section=6 3
|passage=A trailing skirt embroidered in what is termed fine '''steel'''.}}
## {{lb|en|music|guitar}} A [[type]] of [[slide]] [[used]] [[while]] [[playing]] the [[steel guitar]].
# {{lb|en|uncountable|medicine|obsolete}} [[medicinal|Medicinal]] [[consumption]] of [[this]] [[metal]]; [[chalybeate]] [[medicine]]; (''eventually'') [[any]] [[iron]] or [[iron]]-[[treated]] [[water]] [[consumed]] as a [[medical]] [[treatment]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1649|author=H. Hammond|title=Christians Obligations|section=X 253
|passage=A stronger physick is now necessary, perhaps a whole course of '''steel''': A physick, God knowes, that this Kingdome hath been under five or six yeares.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1704|author=J. Harris|title=Lexicon Technicum|volume=L
|passage='''Steel''' is not so good as Iron for Medicinal Operation.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|date=Sept 18 1712|publisher=w:Jonathan Swift|title=Journal to Stella|section=II 558
|passage=The Doctor tells me I must go into a Course of '''Steel''', tho I have not the [[spleen|Spleen]].}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=Princess Alice|title=Mem.|section=158
|passage=I...am really only kept alive by '''steel'''.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable|colors}} The [[gray]] [[hue]] of [[this]] [[metal]]; [[steel-gray]], or [[steel blue]].
#* '''1851''' Dec 28, E. Ruskin, letter in 1965, M. Lutyens, ''Effie in Venice'', II&thinsp;236:
#*: Falkenhayn gave...to Jane a '''steel''' glacé silk dress.
#* {{RQ:Melville Moby-Dick|[[s:Moby-Dick (1851) US edition/Chapter 132|Chapter 132]]|text=It was a clear '''steel'''-blue day. The firmaments of air and sea were hardly separable in that all-pervading azure; only, the pensive air was transparently pure and soft, with a woman’s look, and the robust and man-like sea heaved with long, strong, lingering swells, as Samson’s chest in his sleep.}}
# {{lb|en|figurative}} Extreme [[hardness]] or [[resilience]].

=====Hyponyms=====
{{col4|en|title=Hyponyms from ''steel'' (noun)
|cast steel
|cemented steel
|cold steel
|concrete steel
|Eglin steel
|shear steel
|stainless steel
|strip steel
|tool steel|Mushet steel
|wrought steel
}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en|title=Terms derived from ''steel'' (noun)
|alloy steel|austenitic steel|balls of steel|Bessemer steel|blister steel|bright lights and cold steel|bronze steel|carbon steel|cement steel|cold steel and bright lights|console steel guitarist|crucible steel|Damascus steel|damascus steel|Damask steel|finger steel|German steel|granulated steel|hard steel|high speed steel|high steel|high-speed steel|India steel|lap steel|lap steel guitarist|low steel|low-background steel|manganese steel|marage steel|maraging steel|mild steel|mind like a steel trap|native steel|natural steel|nickel steel|ovaries of steel|pedal steel|pedal steel guitarist|phosphorus steel|ring of steel|Siemens-Martin steel|silicon steel|silver steel|soft steel|spring steel|steel beach party|steel beach picnic|steel bronze|steel guitarist|steel horse|steel mill|steel pan orchestra|steel pannist|steel pot helmet|steel toys|table steel|table steel guitarist|Toledo steel|vanadium steel|weathering steel|weld steel|wheels of steel|steel-string guitar|structural steel|turning steel
|blister-steel|steel ring|steel-cut
|console steel guitar
|draw one's steel
|flowers of steel
|lap steel guitar
|man of steel
|nerves of steel
|pedal steel guitar
|salt of steel
|sugar of steel
|steel band
|steel bandsman
|steel bar
|steel-barred
|steel beetle
|steel bender
|steel-black
|[[steel blue]], [[steel-blue]]
|steel-born
|steel-bosomed
|steel-bound
|steel-bow
|steel-bright
|steel-browed
|steel cage match
|steel-colored
|steel-clad
|steel driver
|steel drops
|steel drum
|steel drummer
|Steele
|steelen
|steel engraving
|steel-engraved
|steel-engraver
|steeler
|steel-erector
|steel-facing
|steel-face
|steel-faced
|steel fall
|steel finch
|steel fixer
|steel frame
|steel-framed
|steel framework
|steel-girt
|steel grain
|steel-grained
|steel-grated
|steel-graven
|steel-grey
|steel-green
|steel guitar
|steel-hard
|steel-hardened
|steel head
|steel-hilted
|steelie
|steelify
|steel iron
|steel-lined
|steel lozenge
|steel lustre
|steel magnolia
|[[steelmaker]], [[steel-maker]]
|[[steelmaking]], [[steel-making]]
|steel man
|steel marl
|steel master
|steel mine
|steel-nerved
|steel-nose
|steel orchestra
|steel-ore
|[[steelpan]], [[steel pan]]
|steel-piercing
|steel pill
|steel plant
|steel-pointed
|steel-rolling
|steels
|steel saddle
|steel-shafted
|steel-sharp
|steel-shod
|steel square
|steel-straight
|steel-strong
|steel-studded
|steel tape
|steel-tempered
|steel-thin
|steel-tipped
|steel-toe boot
|steel-topped
|steel to the very back
|steel town
|steel trade
|steel trap
|steel-using
|steelware
|steel water
|steel wheel
|steel wine
|[[steel wool]], [[steel-wool]]
|steelwork
|[[steelworker]], [[steel-worker]], [[steel worker]]
|steelworking
|steelworks
|steely
|steelyard
|steely-eyed
|table steel guitar
|tincture of steel
|true as steel
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|metal produced from iron}}{{multitrans|data=
* Abaza: {{tt|abq|джыр}}
* Abkhaz: {{tt|ab|аџыр}}
* Adyghe: {{tt|ady|шыр}}, {{tt|ady|щылыч}}, {{tt|ady|жыр}}
* Afrikaans: {{tt+|af|staal}}
* Albanian: {{tt+|sq|acar|m}}, {{tt+|sq|çelik|m}}, {{tt|sq|arënx|m}}
* Amharic: {{tt|am|ንጥር ብረት}}, {{tt|am|ዐረብ ብረት}}
* Arabic: {{tt|ar|فُولَاذ|m}}
* Aragonese: {{tt|an|acero|m}}
* Armenian: {{tt+|hy|պողպատ}}
* Aromanian: {{tt+|rup|cilechi|f}}, {{tt|rup|ciulichi|f}}, {{tt|rup|cilíche|f}}
* Asturian: {{tt|ast|aceru|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{tt+|az|polad}}
* Bashkir: {{tt|ba|ҡорос}}
* Basque: {{tt+|eu|altzairu}}
* Bats: {{tt|bbl|ფოლად}}
* Belarusian: {{tt+|be|сталь|f}}
* Bengali: {{tt+|bn|ইস্পাত}}
* Breton: {{tt+|br|dir|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{tt+|bg|стомана|f}}
* Burmese: {{tt+|my|သံမဏိ|sc=Mymr}}
* Buryat: {{tt|bua|булад}}
* Catalan: {{tt+|ca|acer|m}}
* Cebuano: {{tt|ceb|asero}}, {{tt|ceb|asiro}}, {{tt|ceb|aserawo}}, {{tt|ceb|puthaw}}
* Central Melanau: {{tt|mel|baja}}
* Chechen: {{tt|ce|бо̄лат}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{tt|yue|鋼|tr=gong1, gong3}}, {{tt|yue|鋼鐵|tr=gong3 tit3}}
*: Mandarin: {{tt+|cmn|鋼|tr=gāng}}, {{tt+|cmn|鋼鐵|tr=gāngtiě}}
* Chuvash: {{tt|cv|хурҫӑ}}
* Cornish: {{tt|kw|dur|m}}
* Corsican: {{tt|co|acciaghju|m}}, {{tt|co|acciaru|m}}
* Crimean Tatar:
*: Cyrillic: {{tt|crh|челик}}, {{tt|crh|болат}}
*: Latin: {{tt|crh|çelik}}, {{tt|crh|bolat}}
* Czech: {{tt+|cs|ocel|f}}
* Danish: {{tt+|da|stål|n}}
* Dhivehi: {{tt|dv|އެކަތަ|sc=Thaa}}
* Dutch: {{tt+|nl|staal|n}}
* Eastern Mari: {{tt|mhr|вурс}}
* Emilian: {{tt|egl|azär}} {{qualifier|Bolognese}}
* Erzya: {{tt|myv|стал}}, {{tt|myv|уклат}}
* Esperanto: {{tt+|eo|ŝtalo}}
* Estonian: {{tt+|et|teras}}
* Evenki: {{tt|evn|уклэт}}, {{tt|evn|сталь}}, {{tt|evn|болот}}
* Faroese: {{tt|fo|stál|n}}
* Finnish: {{tt+|fi|teräs}}
* French: {{tt+|fr|acier|m}}
* Friulian: {{tt|fur|açâr|m}}, {{tt|fur|açâl}}
* Gagauz: {{tt|gag|çelik}}
* Galician: {{tt+|gl|aceiro|m}}
* Georgian: {{tt|ka|ფოლადი}}
* German: {{tt+|de|Stahl|m}}
* Greek: {{tt+|el|χάλυβας|m}}, {{tt+|el|ατσάλι|n}}
*: Ancient: {{tt|grc|χάλυψ|m}}
* Gujarati: {{tt|gu|પોલાદ}}
* Haitian Creole: {{tt|ht|asye}}
* Hawaiian: {{tt|haw|kila}}
* Hebrew: {{tt+|he|פלדה|f|tr=pladah}}
* Higaonon: {{tt|mba|puthaw}}
* Hiligaynon: {{tt|hil|aséro}}
* Hindi: {{tt|hi|इस्पात|m}}, {{tt|hi|फ़ूलाद|f}}
* Hungarian: {{tt+|hu|acél}}
* Iban: {{tt|iba|bari}}, {{tt|iba|baja}}
* Icelandic: {{tt+|is|stál|n}}
* Ido: {{tt+|io|stalo}}
* Indonesian: {{tt+|id|baja}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|teräs}}
* Ingush: {{tt|inh|болат}}
* Interlingua: {{tt|ia|aciero}}
* Irish: {{tt+|ga|cruach|f}}
* Italian: {{tt+|it|acciaio|m}}
* Japanese: {{tt+|ja|鋼鉄|tr=[[こうてつ]], [[kōtetsu]]}}, {{tt+|ja|はがね|tr=[[hagane]]|sc=Jpan}}
* Kabardian: {{tt+|kbd|жыр}}
* Kalmyk: {{tt|xal|болд}}
* Kannada: {{tt+|kn|ಉಕ್ಕು}}
* Karachay-Balkar: {{tt|krc|къурч}}
* Karelian: {{tt|krl|stali}}
* Kazakh: {{tt|kk|болат}}
* Khakas: {{tt|kjh|молат}}
* Khmer: {{tt|km|ដែកថែប|tr=daek tʰaep|sc=Khmr}}
* Korean: {{tt+|ko|강철}}
* Kumyk: {{tt|kum|болат}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|پۆڵا}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|pola}}
* Kyrgyz: {{tt+|ky|болот}}
* Ladin: {{tt|lld|azal|m}}
* Lak: {{tt|lbe|чаннан}}
* Lao: {{tt|lo|ເຫລັກກ້າ}}
* Latin: {{tt|la|chalybs|m}}, {{q|Late}} {{tt|la|aciarium|n}}
* Latvian: {{tt|lv|tērauds|m}}
* Lezgi: {{tt|lez|гьулдан}}
* Limburgish: {{tt+|li|staol|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{tt+|lt|plienas|m}}
* Livonian: {{tt|liv|tierōda}}
* Lombard:
*: Eastern: {{tt|lmo|assàl}}
*: Western: {{tt+|lmo|azzal}}, {{tt|lmo|azal}}
* Low German:
*: German Low German: {{tt|nds-de|Stahl|m}}
* Lower Sorbian: {{tt|dsb|stal|m}}
* Lü: {{tt|khb|ᦵᦜᧅᦂᦱᧉ}}
* Luxembourgish: {{tt+|lb|Stol|m}}
* Macedonian: {{tt|mk|че́лик|m}}
* Maguindanao: {{tt|mdh|wagia}}
* Maithili: {{tt|mai|इसपात}}
* Malagasy: {{tt+|mg|tsy}}, {{tt+|mg|vy mahery}}
* Malay: {{tt+|ms|keluli}}, {{tt+|ms|baja}}, {{tt|ms|besi baja}}, {{tt|ms|besi waja}}, {{tt|ms|besi melela}}, {{tt|ms|setal}}
* Malayalam: {{tt+|ml|ഉരുക്ക്|sc=Mlym}}
* Maltese: {{tt|mt|azzar|m}}
* Manx: {{tt|gv|staillinagh}}, {{tt|gv|staillin}}
* Maori: {{tt|mi|tīra}}, {{tt|mi|maitai}}
* Maranao: {{tt|mrw|wadiya}}
* Marathi: {{tt|mr|पोलाद}}
* Mingrelian: {{tt|xmf|ფულანდი}}
* Mirandese: {{tt|mwl|aço|m}}
* Mon: {{tt|mnw|က္ဍာၚ်|tr=daiŋ}}
* Mongolian: {{tt+|mn|ган}}, {{tt+|mn|болд|sc=Cyrl}}
* Nanai: {{tt|gld|ган}}
* Navajo: {{tt|nv|béésh ntłʼizígíí}}
* Neapolitan: {{tt|nap|acciaro}}
* Nenets: {{tt|yrk|сиеся|tr=siesja}}
* Norman: {{tt|nrf|acyi|m}} {{qualifier|Jersey}}
* Northern Khanty: {{tt-check|kca-nor|тарм карты}}, {{tt-check|kca-nor|этап карты}} {{attention|kca-nor|check that this is Northern Khanty and not some other variety}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{tt+|nb|stål|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{tt|nn|stål|n}}
* Occitan: {{tt+|oc|acièr|m}}, {{tt|oc|acèr|m}} {{qualifier|Gascon}}
* Old English: {{tt|ang|stīele|n}}
* Ossetian: {{tt|os|ӕндон}}, {{tt|os|болат}}
* Persian: {{tt+|fa|فولاد|tr=fulâd}}, {{tt+|fa|پولاد|tr=pulâd}}
* Piedmontese: {{tt|pms|assel|m}}
* Polish: {{tt+|pl|stal|f}}
* Portuguese: {{tt+|pt|aço|m}}
* Romanian: {{tt+|ro|oțel|n}}
* Romansch: {{tt|rm|atschal|m}}, {{tt|rm|itschal|m}} {{qualifier|Sursilvan and Sutsilvan}}, {{tt|rm|atschel|m}} {{qualifier|Puter}}
* Russian: {{tt+|ru|сталь|f}}
* Samoan: {{tt|sm|sila}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{tt|gd|stàilinn|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{tt|sh|челик|m}}, {{tt|sh|надо|n}}, {{tt|sh|оцјел|m}}
*: Roman: {{tt+|sh|čelik|m}}, {{tt+|sh|nado|n}}, {{tt|sh|ocjel|m}}
* Shan: {{tt|shn|သမ်ႇမၼီႉ}}
* Sicilian: {{tt+|scn|azzaru|m}}
* Slovak: {{tt|sk|oceľ|f}}
* Slovene: {{tt+|sl|jeklo|n}}
* Southern Altai: {{tt|alt|болот}}, {{tt|alt|болоды}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|acero|m}}
* Sundanese: {{tt|su|waja}}
* Svan: {{tt|sva|ფოლა̈დ}}
* Swahili: {{tt|sw|feleji}}, {{tt|sw|chuma cha pua}}
* Swedish: {{tt+|sv|stål|n}}
* Tagalog: {{tt|tl|paslip}}, {{tt+|tl|asero}}, {{tt|tl|patalim}}
* Tahitian: {{tt|ty|ʻāuri}}
* Tajik: {{tt|tg|пӯлод}}
* Tamil: {{tt+|ta|எஃகு|sc=Taml}}, {{tt+|ta|உருக்கு|sc=Taml}}
* Tatar: {{tt+|tt|корыч}}
* Telugu: {{tt+|te|ఉక్కు}}
* Thai: {{tt+|th|เหล็ก}}, {{tt+|th|เหล็กกล้า|tr=lèk glâa}}
* Tibetan: {{tt|bo|ངར་ལྕགས}}
* Tigrinya: {{tt|ti|ኣቻዮ}}
* Tongan: {{tt|to|sitila}}
* Tundra Enets: {{tt|enh|бяси|tr=bjasi}}
* Turkish: {{tt+|tr|çelik}}
* Turkmen: {{tt|tk|polat}}
* Tuvan: {{tt|tyv|булат}}, {{tt|tyv|каң}}
* Udmurt: {{tt|udm|андан}}, {{tt|udm|сталь}}
* Ukrainian: {{tt+|uk|сталь|f}}, {{tt+|uk|кри́ця|f}}
* Upper Sorbian: {{tt|hsb|wocl}}
* Urdu: {{tt|ur|اسپات|m|tr=ispāt}}, {{tt|ur|فولاد|f|tr=fūlād}}
* Uyghur: {{tt|ug|پولات|sc=ug-Arab}}
* Uzbek: {{tt+|uz|poʻlat}}
* Venetan: {{tt|vec|açal}}, {{tt|vec|çal}}, {{tt|vec|azhal}}, {{tt|vec|asal}}
* Veps: {{tt|vep|teraz}}
* Vietnamese: {{tt+|vi|thép}}
* Vilamovian: {{tt|wym|śtöł|m}}
* Volapük: {{tt+|vo|stal}}
* Võro: {{tt|vro|teräs}}
* Welsh: {{tt+|cy|dur|m}}, {{tt|cy|stil|f}}
* West Flemish: {{tt|vls|stoal}}
* West Frisian: {{tt|fy|steal|n}}
* Xhosa: {{tt|xh|isinyithi}}, {{tt|xh|isitali}}
* Yakut: {{tt|sah|ыстаал}}
* Yiddish: {{tt|yi|שטאָל|n}}
* Yoruba: {{tt|yo|irin}}
* Zazaki: {{tt|zza|çalıg}}
* Zulu: {{tt|zu|isitili|7|8}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|honing steel}}
* Bulgarian: {{tt+|bg|точило|n}}
* Catalan: {{tt|ca|xaira|f}}
* Czech: {{tt|cs|ocílka|f}}
* French: {{tt+|fr|fusil|m}}
* Macedonian: {{tt|mk|о́стрило|n}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|chaira|f}}
* Zazaki: {{tt|zza|sitıl}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# [[made|Made]] of steel.
#* '''mid-14th century''', ''Alisaunder'', 416:
#*: Strained in '''stel''' [[gear|ger]] on steedes of might.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Othello|act=I|scene=iii|line=229|text=The tyrant [[custom]]e...Hath made the flinty and '''steele''' [[coach|Cooch]] of [[war]]re, My thrice [[driven|driuen]] bed of [[down]]e.}}
#* {{RQ:Scott Anne|volume=III|chapter=III|page=78|text=I will grasp the mountain-hedgehog, prickles and all, with my '''steel'''-gauntlet.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1976|author=J. Wheeler-Bennett|title=Friends, Enemies, & Sovereigns|section=V, 156
|passage=King Peter attributed his father's, King Alexander's, death to the fact that...he had not worn his '''steel'''-mesh bullet-proof shirt.}}
# [[similar|Similar]] to steel in [[color]], [[strength]], or the like; [[steely]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1560|translator=T. Phaer|author=Vergil|title=Nyne Fyrst Books of the Eneidos|section=X
|passage=Wher neuer cessing soyle doth '''steele'''bright stuff send out from mines.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Sonnets|sonnet=133|text=Prison my heart in thy '''steele''' bosomes warde.}}
# {{lb|en|business}} Of or [[belonging]] to the [[manufacture]] or [[trade]] in steel.
#* {{RQ:Pliny Holland Historie of the World|tome=1|book=VII|chapter=LVI|page=188|passage=[T]he discoverie of the yron and '''steele''' mines.}}
#* {{RQ:Carlyle French Revolution|volume=III|book=V|chapter=VI|page=327|passage=From their new dungeons at Chantilly, Aristocrats may hear the rustle of our new '''steel''' furnace there.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=Jan 24 1976|journal=National Observer|section=1, 1
|passage=East Chicago, Ind., a smoky Lake Michigan '''steel''' town that isn't exactly famous for its esthetic splendor even when the sun shines.}}
# {{lb|en|medicine|obsolete}} [[containing|Containing]] steel.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1652|author=J. French|title=York-shire Spaw|section=X, 92
|passage=To mix some [[sugar of steel|Sugar of steel]], or '''steel''' wine with the first glass.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1675|author=G. Harvey|title=Dis. of London|section=XXIV, 264
|passage=I have found a singular Virtue in '''Steel''' drops, præpared after my Mode.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|date=Feb 17 1713|publisher=w:Jonathan Swift|title=Journal to Stella|section=II, 622
|passage=I...take some nasty '''steel''' drops, & [[my|may]] head has been bettr.}}
# {{lb|en|printing}} [[engraved|Engraved]] on steel.
#* '''1880''', {{w|Mark Twain}}, letter:
#*: The best picture I have had yet is the '''steel''' frontis-piece to my new book.

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|made of steel}}{{multitrans|data=
* Bulgarian: {{tt|bg|стоманен}}
* Czech: {{tt+|cs|ocelový}}
* Esperanto: {{tt|eo|ŝtala}}
* Finnish: {{tt+|fi|teräksinen}}
* German: {{tt+|de|stählern}}
* Latin: {{tt|la|chalybeius}}
* Macedonian: {{tt|mk|челичен}}
* Malayalam: {{tt+|ml|ഉരുക്ക്}}
* Old English: {{tt|ang|stīelen}}
* Polish: {{tt+|pl|stalowy|m}}
* Russian: {{tt+|ru|стально́й}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|acerado}}
* Ukrainian: {{tt|uk|стале́вий}}, {{tt|uk|стальни́й}}, {{tt|uk|стальо́вий}}, {{tt+|uk|кри́це́вий}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|similar to steel in color, strength, or the like}}
* Spanish: {{tt+|es|acerado}}
* Ukrainian: {{tt|uk|стале́вий}}, {{tt|uk|стальни́й}}, {{tt|uk|стальо́вий}}, {{tt+|uk|кри́це́вий}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}} {{tlb|en|transitive}}

# {{lb|en|literally}} To [[treat]] or [[furnish]] with or transform into steel.
## To [[edge]], [[cover]], or [[point]] with steel.
##* {{quote-text|ang|year=c. 1240|chapter=Sawles Warde|title=The Cotton Homilies|section=253
|passage=Hure þolien ant a beoren hare unirude duntes wið mealles '''istelet'''.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1651|author=Bishop Jeremy Taylor|title=XXVIII Sermons Preacht at Golden Grove, Being for the Summer Half-year|section=XIX 248
|passage=When God...draws aside his curtain, and shows his arsenal and his armory, full of arrows '''steeled''' with wrath.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1831|author=John Holland|title=A Treatise on the Progressive Improvement and Present State of the Manufactures in Metal|section=I 220
|passage=It was the common notion...that the art of '''steeling''' tools in the highest degree of perfection was certainly lost to the moderns.}}
## {{lb|en|obsolete|of mirrors}} To [[back]] with steel.
##* {{quote-text|en|year=c. 1630|author=w:John Donne|title=Sermons|section=VI 289
|passage=Nay, a Crystall glasse will not show a man his face, except it be '''steeled''', except it be darkned on the backside.}}
## {{lb|en|obsolete|medicine}} To [[treat]] a [[liquid]] with steel for [[medicinal]] [[purpose]]s.
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1657|translator=J. Cooke|author=J. Hall|title=Cures|section=117
|passage=She drunk her drink '''steeled''', with which she was cured.}}
## To [[electroplate]] an [[item]] ([[particularly]] an [[engraving]] [[plate]]) with a [[layer]] of [[iron]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1880|author=P. G. Hamerton|title=Etching & Etchers|edition=3rd|section=342
|passage=My large dry-point,...called Two Stumps of Driftwood, gave 1000 copies (after being '''steeled''') without perceptible wearing.}}
## To [[sharpen]] with a honing steel.
## To [[steelify]]; to [[turn]] [[iron]] into steel.
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1853|title=Jrnl. Franklin Inst.|section=CXXV 303
|passage=By passing an electric current thus through the bars the operation of '''steeling''' is much hastened.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|year=1977|month=Oct|journal=Scientific American|section=127 1
|passage=It seems evident that by the beginning of the 10th century B.C. blacksmiths were intentionally '''steeling''' iron.}}
# {{lb|en|figuratively}} To [[cause]] to [[resemble]] steel.
## To [[harden]] or [[strengthen]]; to [[nerve]] or [[make]] [[obdurate]]; to [[fortify]] against.
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1581|translator=A. Hall|author=Homer|title=10 Bks. Iliades|section=VI 110
|passage=But stil he was so '''steelde''' With heart so good, as victor he dead left them in the field.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Venus and Adonis|text=Giue me my heart...O giue it me lest thy hard heart '''do steele''' it, And '''being steeld''', soft sighes can neuer graue it.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3|I|i|line=148|text=Ile in to vrge his hatred more to Clarence, With lies well '''steeld''' with weighty arguments.}}
##* '''1796''', F. Burney, ''Camilla'', II&thinsp;iv&thinsp;vi&thinsp;370:
##*: '''Steel''' yourself, then, firmly to withstand attacks from the cruel and unfeeling.
##* '''1882''', F. W. Farrar, ''Early Days Christianity'', II&thinsp;380:
##*: The rich experience of a long life '''steeled''' in the victorious struggle with every unchristian element.
## {{lb|en|literary|or|poetic}} To give (something) the [[appearance]] of steel.
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1807|author=w:William Wordsworth|title=Sonn. to Liberty|section=II v
|passage=And lo! those waters, '''steeled''' By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield A vivid repetition of the stars.}}
# {{lb|en|dialectal}} To [[press]] with a [[flat iron]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1746|title=Exmoor Scolding|edition=3rd|section=II 14
|passage=Tha hasn't tha Sense to '''stile''' thy own Dressing.}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|harden}} See also [[Thesaurus:harden]]
* {{sense|strengthen}} See also [[Thesaurus:strengthen]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{alt|en|steel up}}
* {{alt|en|unsteel}}
* {{alt|en|unsteeled}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|To harden or strengthen; to nerve or to fortify against, to brace oneself.}}{{multitrans|data=
* Bulgarian: {{tt|bg|втвърдявам се}}
* Czech: {{tt+|cs|sebrat odvahu|pf}}, {{tt+|cs|připravit se|pf}}, {{tt|cs|obrnit se|pf}}
* Maori: {{tt|mi|whakaniwha}}
* Swedish: {{tt+|sv|stålsätta}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|en|fr|Bastille}} (a [[w:Bastille|French prison]]).<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary''. "Steel, n. 2".</ref>

====Proper noun====
{{en-proper noun}}

# {{lb|en|UK|crime|slang|obsolete}} [[w:Coldbath Fields Prison|Coldbath Fields Prison]] in [[London]], [[closed]] in 1877.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1862|author=Havelock Ellis|title=The Criminal|page=162|passage=I was lugged before the beak, who gave me six doss in the '''steel'''. [...] six months in the Bastille (the old House of Corrections), Coldbath Fields.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=George Augustus Sala; Edmund Hodgson Yates|title=Temple Bar|volume=16|page=507
|passage=He said he had been in the “'''steel'''” (Coldbath Fields Prison) eight times.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1879|title=Macmillan's Magazine|volume=40|page=502
|passage=This time I got two moon for assaulting the reelers when canon. For this I went to the '''Steel''' (Bastile{{sic}} — Coldbath Fields Prison), having a new suit of clobber on me and about fifty blow in my brigh (pocket).}}

=====Further reading=====
* '''1811''', ''Lexicon Balatronicum'': ''Steel'', the house of correction.
* '''1819''', J. H. Vaux, ''New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Mem.'': ''Bastile'', generally called for shortnes, the ''steel'' a cant name for the House of Correction, Cold-Bath-Fields, London.

===References===
<references/>

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=eelst|Teles|Leets|stélé|Teels|Elets|sleet|leets|stele|stelè|teles}}

{{C|en|Alloys|Steel}}

==Afrikaans==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|af|nl|stelen}}, from {{inh|af|dum|stelen}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-steel.wav}}

===Verb===
{{af-verb|stelende}}

# to [[steal]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|af|gestole}} {{q|verbal adjective; rare}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/steːl/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-steel.ogg}}
* {{hyph|nl|steel}}
* {{rhymes|nl|eːl|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|nl|dum|stēle}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|*stelo}}, from {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*stelō}}, {{m|gmw-pro|*stalu}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*staluz}}, {{m|gem-pro|*steluz|t=post, trunk, stump, stem, tail}}, from {{der|nl|ine-pro|*stel-|t=to put, place}}. Cognate with dialectal {{cog|en|steal|t=stem, stalk}}, {{cog|sco|steel}}, {{m|sco|stiel|t=stalk}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|m|-en|+}}

# [[stem]] (of a plant)
#: {{syn|nl|stengel}}
# [[handle]] (of a broom, a pan)

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|nl
|bezemsteel
|groensteel
|pijpensteel
|steelpan
|zwartsteel
}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|nl|verb form}}

# {{infl of|nl|stelen||bare-verb}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|leest}}, {{l|nl|sleet}}, {{l|nl|slete}}, {{l|nl|stele}}