View source for servus

==Bavarian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|bar|servas|seas}}

===Etymology===
An [[ellipsis]] from the commoners’ greeting once said to [[feudal]] lords, ''"{{m|la|servus [[humillimus]] [, [[Domine]] [[spectabilis]]]}}"'', in {{bor|bar|la|-}} meaning "(I am your) most humble servant[, (O/my) noble lord]".

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|bar|/ˈse̞ɐ̯vus/|/ˈse̞ɐ̯βus/}}
* {{hyph|bar|ser|vus}}

===Interjection===
{{head|bar|interjection}}

# {{lb|bar|informal}} [[hello]], [[hi]]
# {{lb|bar|informal}} [[bye]], [[goodbye]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|bar|nå servus}}

{{cln|bar|greetings|farewells}}

==Czech==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|cs|serbus||rare}}

===Etymology===
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words ''servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis'', meaning ''your humble servant, my noble lord''. No [[subservience]] is implied in its modern use.

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA}}

===Interjection===
{{head|cs|interjection}}

# {{lb|cs|colloquial}} [[hi]], [[hiya]]
#: {{syn|cs|ahoj}}
# {{lb|cs|colloquial}} [[cheerio]], [[bye]], [[so long]], [[ta-ta]]
#: {{syn|cs|ahoj}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cs:PSJC}}
* {{R:cs:SSJC}}

{{cln|cs|greetings|farewells}}

==Esperanto==

===Pronunciation===
{{eo-IPA}}

===Verb===
{{eo-head}}

# {{eo-form of|serv|us}}

==German==
{{wikipedia|Servus}}

===Etymology===
An [[ellipsis]] from the commoners’ greeting once said to [[feudal]] lords, ''"{{m|la|servus [[humillimus]] [, [[Domine]] [[spectabilis]]]}}"'', in {{bor|de|la|-}} meaning "(I am your) most humble servant[, (O/my) noble lord]".

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈsɛrvus/}} ~ {{IPA|de|/ˈzɛɐ̯vus/}}
* {{audio|de|De-servus.ogg}}

===Interjection===
{{head|de|interjection}}

# {{lb|de|chiefly|Southern Germany|Austria|informal}} [[hello]], [[hi]]
# {{lb|de|chiefly|Southern Germany|Austria|informal}} [[goodbye]], [[bye]], [[farewell]]
# {{lb|de|as a toast}} [[cheers]]

====Usage notes====
* No [[subservience]] is implied in modern use, and the origin of the term is not commonly known. Educated usage may be [[sincere]], [[jocular]] or [[ironic]].
* This [[salutation]] is used in Southern Germany and throughout the former [[Austria-Hungary]] (see cognates on this page), in varying frequency throughout those areas.
* Despite the formal origins of the term, its usage is now chiefly, but not exclusively informal; the degree of [[decorum]] is dependent on context of region, dialect, class, or even village.

====Synonyms====
* {{l|de|moin}}
* {{l|de|hallo}}
* {{l|de|hi}}
* {{l|de|hey}}
* {{l|de|grüß Gott}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:DWDS}}

{{cln|de|greetings|farewells}}

==Hungarian==

===Etymology===
See {{m|hu|szervusz}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA|szervusz}}
* {{hyph|hu|ser|vus}}
* {{rhymes|hu|us|s=2}}

===Interjection===
{{head|hu|interjection}}

# {{lb|hu|archaic}} {{alternative form of|hu|szervusz}}: [[hello]]; [[goodbye]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:ErtSz|szervusz}}

{{cln|hu|greetings|farewells}}

==Latin==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|la|servos||archaic}}

===Etymology===
{{etymon|la|inh|itc-pro>*serwos>guardian|id=slave}}
From {{der|la|itc-ola|servos}}, from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*serwos||guardian}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*ser-wo-s||guardian}}, possibly from {{m|ine-pro|*ser-||watch over, protect}}. Cognate with {{m|la|servō}}, {{cog|ae|𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌|t=he heeds, protects}}.<ref>{{R:itc:EDL}}</ref> {{surf|la|{{der|la|ine-pro|*ser-}}|-vus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{hyph|la|ser|vus}}

===Noun===
{{la-noun|servus<2>|f=serva}}

# a [[slave]]
#* ''[[w:en:Captivi|Captivi]]'' ("the captives") by [[w:en:Plautus|Plautus]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130113120403/http://www.ihaystack.com/authors/m/plautus_titus_maccius/00016564_amphitryo_asinaria_aulularia_bacchides_captivi_amphi/00016564_englishlatin_utf8_p043.htm English and Latin text])
#*: ''Quem patrem, qui '''servos''' est?''
#*:: Father! What do you mean, when he’s a '''slave'''?
# a [[serf]]
# a [[servant]]

====Usage notes====
* Until the Augustan period, {{m|la|servos}} was more common.

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|servus<2>}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|la|servīlis}}
* {{l|la|serviō}}
* {{l|la|servitūdō}}
* {{l|la|servitūs}}
* {{l|la|servulus}}
* {{l|la|servus Deī}} {{qualifier|Ecclesiastical}}
* {{l|la|servus servōrum Deī}} {{qualifier|Ecclesiastical}}

====Descendants====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|siervu}}
* {{desc|ca|serf}}
* {{desc|fur|sierf}}
* {{desc|it|servo}}
* {{desc|oc|sèrve}}
* {{desctree|fro|serf}}
* {{desc|pt|servo}}
* {{desc|ro|șerb}}, {{desc|ro|serv|bor=1|nolb=1}}
* {{desc|scn|serbu}}
* {{desc|es|siervo}}
{{bottom}}

====See also====
* {{l|la|ancula}} (> {{l|la|ancilla}})
* {{l|la|anculus}}
* {{l|la|sclavus}}
* {{l|la|familiaris|familiāris}}

====References====
* {{R:L&S|servus²|servus2}}
* {{R:Gaffiot|servus²|2_servus|1,432/2}}
* {{R:OLD|1|seruus¹|1,748/1}}
* {{R:Niermeyer|servus|967/2}}

===Adjective===
{{la-adj|servus}}

# [[slavish]], [[servile]] (to the senses or to authority)
# {{lb|la|of lands, buildings}} [[subject]] or [[liable]] to [[servitude]]

====Declension====
{{la-adecl|servus}}

====References====
* {{R:L&S|servus¹|servus1}}
* {{R:Gaffiot|servus¹|1_servus|1,432/2}}
* {{R:OLD|1|seruus²|1,748}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:du Cange}}
* {{R:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
<references/>

===Anagrams===
* {{l|la|versus}}

{{C|la|Slavery|Slavery|People|Male people}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|de|servus}}. Greeting found throughout the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˈser.vus/}}

===Interjection===
{{head|ro|interjection}} {{term-label|ro|informal|Transylvania|Maramures|Bukovina}}

# [[hi]], [[hello]]
# [[see you later|see you (later)]]

{{cln|ro|greetings|farewells}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|sh|serbus}}

===Etymology===
From {{der|sh|de|servus}}, ultimately from {{der|sh|la|servus}}.

===Interjection===
{{sh-interjection|head=sèrvus}}

# {{lb|sh|Croatia|dated}} [[hello]]
# {{lb|sh|Croatia|dated}} [[good bye]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|sh|bok}} {{lb|sh|Croatian}}, {{l|sh|ćao}}, {{l|sh|zdravo}}

{{cln|sh|greetings|farewells}}

==Slovak==

===Etymology===
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words ''servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis'', meaning ''your humble servant, my noble lord''. No [[subservience]] is implied in its modern use.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sk|/ˈsɛrvus/}}

===Interjection===
{{head|sk|interjections}}

# [[hello]]
# [[hi]]
# [[howdy]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:sk:SDK}}

{{cln|sk|greetings}}