View source for parenthesis

==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Etymology===
{{lbor|en|LL.|parenthesis||addition of a letter to a syllable in a word}}, itself borrowed from {{der|en|grc|παρένθεσις||insertion}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/pəˈɹɛnθəsɪs/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-parenthesis.ogg|a=US}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|~|parentheses}}

# A [[clause]], [[phrase]] or [[word]] which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a [[passage]] which is already grammatically complete, and usually marked off with brackets, commas or dashes.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1903| title=A History of Theatrical Art in Ancient and Modern Times|author=Karl Mantzius | page=86| passage=How expressive this little '''parenthesis''': "Sakuntalâ makes a chiding gesture with her finger"!}}
# Either of a pair of brackets, especially (mainly [[US]]) round brackets, '''[[(]]''' and '''[[)]]''' (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text).
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1824|author=John Johnson|title=Typographia, Or the Printer's Instructor|publisher=w:Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green|location=London|text=There be five manner of points and divisions most used among cunning men; the which if they be well used, make the sentence very light and easy to be understood, both to the reader and hearer: and they be these, [[virgil]],—[[come]],—[[parenthesis]],—[[plain point]],—[[interrogative]]{{...}} it is a slender stroke leaning forward, betokening a little short rest, without any perfectness yet of sentence.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1842|author=F. Francillon|title=An Essay on Punctuation|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=MGj0VSJkwdIC&pg=PA9|page=9|text=Whoever introduced the several points, it seems that a ''[[full-point]]'', a point called ''[[come]]'', answering to our [[colon-point]], a point called ''[[virgil]]'' answering to our [[comma-point]], the ''[[parenthesis-point|'''parenthesis'''-points]]'' and ''[[interrogative-point]]'', were used at the close of the fourteenth, or beginning of the fifteenth<!--sic--> century.}}
#* {{quote-journal|1=en|year=2018|author=James Lambert|title=Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles|journal=World Englishes|volume=37|page=255|text=[T]he present research also made an effort to approach a greater accuracy in presenting the original sources of borrowed words. This was achieved by presenting etymons from Hindustani in the Devanagari script followed by a transliteration in the Roman alphabet in '''parentheses'''.}}
# {{lb|en|rhetoric}} A [[digression]]; the use of such digressions.
#* {{RQ:Landon Ethel Churchill|page=113|volume=II|passage=Mr. Trevanion was one of those talkers, who are too much engrossed with their own subject matter to have much attention to bestow elsewhere; with them silence is attention. Ethel's wandering eye, and lip, tremulous with its effort to speak, would never have attracted his notice. To his utter astonishment, she interrupted a '''parenthesis''', as brilliant as the rocket which it depicted, by saying,—<br>"Mr. Trevanion, I do not know what you will think of my boldness, but I must speak to you."}}
#* {{quote-av|en|year=2009|title=[[w:Up in the Air (2009 film)|Up in the Air]]|text=Ryan Bingham ({{w|George Clooney}}): I thought I was a part of your life. <br/>Alex Goran ({{w|Vera Farmiga}}): I thought we signed up for the same thing{{...}} I thought our relationship was perfectly clear. You are an escape. You're a break from our normal lives. You're a '''parenthesis'''. <br/>Ryan Bingham (George Clooney): I'm a '''parenthesis'''?}}
# {{lb|en|mathematics|logic}} Such brackets as used to clarify expressions by grouping those terms affected by a common operator, or to enclose the [[component]]s of a [[vector]] or the [[element]]s of a [[matrix]].

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|clause, phrase or word}} parenthetical expression
* {{sense|brackets}} {{l|en|round bracket}}; {{l|en|parenthesis-point}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* {{l|en|paren}} (abbreviation, for the meaning "round bracket")
* See also [[Thesaurus:bracket]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|parenthesis-point}}
* {{l|en|parenthetic}}, {{l|en|parenthetical}}
* {{l|en|parenthesise}}, {{l|en|parenthesize}}
* {{l|en|triple parentheses}}
* {{l|en|parentheme}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|a clause, phrase or word inserted into a passage which is already grammatically complete}}
* Armenian: {{qualifier|word}} {{t|hy|միջանկյալ բառ}}, {{qualifier|clause}} {{t+|hy|միջանկյալ նախադասություն}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|вмъ́кната ду́ма|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|parèntesi|m}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|vsuvka|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|parenthese}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|parenteesi}}
* French: {{t+|fr|parenthèse|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|paréntese|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Parenthese|f}}, {{t+|de|Einschub|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παρένθεση|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|παρένθεσις|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|közbevetés}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|idiraisnéis|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|iespraudums}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|parêntese|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|paranteză|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|вво́дное сло́во|n}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|eadar-aisneis|f}}, {{t|gd|eadar-ràdh|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|parentes|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|panaklong}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''Rhetoric'') a digression; the use of such digressions}}
* French: {{t+|fr|parenthèse|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|paréntese|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παρένθεση|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|wtrącenie|n}}, {{t+|pl|parenteza|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|parêntese|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|отступле́ние|n}}, {{t+|ru|отклоне́ние|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|either of a pair of brackets ( )}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|kllapë|f}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|قَوْس|m}} (plural: {{t|ar|أَقْوَاس|m-p}}, {{t|ar|قَوْسَانِ|m-d}} {{qualifier|two}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|փակագիծ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|mötərizə}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|йәйә}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|ду́жка|f}}, {{t|be|ско́бка|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|ско́ба|f}}, {{t|bg|ско́бка|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|လက်သည်းကွင်း}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|parèntesi|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|圓括號}}, {{t+|cmn|插入語}}, {{t+|cmn|括弧}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|krommvagh|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|závorka|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|parentes|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|haakje|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|parentezo}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|kiil}}, {{t|et|kiillause}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sulkumerkki}}, {{t+|fi|sulje}}, {{t+|fi|sulku}}
* French: {{t+|fr|parenthèse|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|paréntese|f}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|ფრჩხილი}}, {{t|ka|მრგვალი ფრჩხილები}}
* German: {{t|de|runde Klammer|f}}, {{t+|de|Klammer|f}}, {{t+|de|Parenthese|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παρένθεση|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|סוֹגֵר|m|tr=sogér}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|कोष्ठक}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|zárójel}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|svigi|m}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|lúibín|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|parentesi|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|括弧|tr=かっこ, kakko}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жақша}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|វង់ក្រចក}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|괄호(括弧)}}
* Kumyk: {{t|kum|жая|tr=jaya}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|kevan}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|кашаа}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ນະຂາລິຂິດ}}, {{t|lo|ວົງເລັບ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|unca|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|iekavas|f-p}}, {{t|lv|apaļās iekavas|f-p}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|skliaustai|m-p}}, {{t|lt|skliausteliai|m-p}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|Klamer|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|заграда|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|tanda kurung}}, {{t+|ms|kurung}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|വലയം}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|taiepa}} {{qualifier|when preceded by singular 'te'}}, {{t|mi|taiepa pewa}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|хаалт}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|parentes|m}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|قوس|m|tr=qaws}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|پَرانتِز|tr=parântez}}, {{t+|fa|قُلّاب|tr=qollâb}}, {{t+|fa|قَوس|tr=qaws}} {{qualifier|Dari}}, {{t|fa|کمانویسه}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|nawias|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|parêntese|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|paranteză|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ско́бка|f}}, {{t|ru|кру́глая ско́бка|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|आवरण|n}}, {{t+|sa|कोष्ठक|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|camag|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|за̑града|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|zȃgrada|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|zátvorka|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|oklepáj|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|paréntesis|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|parentes|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|қавс}}, {{t|tg|қавсайн}} {{qualifier|two}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|җәя}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|นขลิขิต}}, {{t|th|ความแทรก}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|parantez}}, {{t+|tr|ayraç}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|ýaý}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ду́жка|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|قَوس|tr=qaus}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|تىرناق}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|qavs}}, {{t|uz|skobka}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|ngoặc}}, {{t+|vi|ngoặc đơn}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|cromfach|f}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|קלאַמער}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|both round brackets}}
* Armenian: {{t|hy|փակագծեր|p}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|кръ́гли ско́би|f-p}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|parèntesis}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|krommvaghow|f-p}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|parentes|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|haakjes|p}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|rondaj krampoj}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sulkeet|p}}, {{t|fi|sulkumerkit|p}}, {{t+|fi|sulut|p}}
* French: {{t+|fr|parenthèses|f-p}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|parénteses|f-p}}
* German: {{t|de|runde Klammer|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παρενθέσεις|f-p}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|lúibíní|m-p}}
* Latin: {{t|la|uncae|f-p}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|taiepa}} {{qualifier|when preceded by plural 'ngā'}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|parênteses|m-p}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ско́бки|f-p}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|parantez}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|cromfachau|f-p}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''mathematics, logic'') brackets used to clarify expressions by grouping terms affected by a common operator}}
* Armenian: {{t|hy|փակագծեր|p}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|ско́ба|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|括號}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|parentes|c}}
* Dutch: [[haakje]] (''plural'' [[haakjes]])
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sulkeet}}
* French: {{t+|fr|parenthèses|f-p}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|paréntese|f}}
* German: {{t|de|runde Klammer|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παρένθεση|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|nawias|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|paréntesis|m}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|parantez}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Esperanto: {{t+check|eo|parentezo}}
* German: {{t+check|de|Klammer|f}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|parentesi|f}}, {{t+check|it|parentesi|p}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+check|sh|zagrada|f}}, {{t-check|sh|zagrade|f-p}}
* Spanish: {{t+check|es|paréntesis|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aeehinprsst|hen's parties|interphases|preanthesis}}

{{cln|en|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Punctuation marks}}