View source for lac

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "lac"}}
==English==
{{wp|lang=en}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/læk/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lac.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|æk|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{der|en|pt|laca}}, from {{der|en|hi|लाख}}/{{der|en|ur|لاکھ|tr=lākh}} or cognates in other Indo-Aryan languages, from {{der|en|sa|लाक्षा}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# A [[resinous]] substance or [[lacquer]] produced mainly on the [[banyan]] tree by the female of {{taxlink|Kerria lacca|species}}, a scale insect.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|Ceylon lac|lac dye|lac insect|lac lake|lac scale|lac tree|Mexican lac|seedlac|shellac|sticklac}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|a resinous substance}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|لُكّ|m}}, {{t|ar|لَكّ|m}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|লা}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+check|cmn|桼|tr=qī}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|lakka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|laque|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Lack|m}}
* Greek: {{t|el|λάκη|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|לַכָּה|f|tr=láka}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|lakk}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|lacca|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|ラッカー|tr=rakkā}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಅರಗು}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|래커}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|لاک|tr=lâk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|lakier|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|laca|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|лак|m}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|लाक्षा|n}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|laca|f}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|లక్క}}
* Thai: {{t|th|ครั่ง|tr=khrâng}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{dated spelling of|en|lakh}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert Montgomery Martin|R[obert] Montgomery Martin]]|quotee=w:Yashwantrao Holkar|chapter=Section II. European Intercourse—Rise and Growth of British Power.|title=The Indian Empire:{{nb...|History, Topography, Geology, Climate, Population, Chief Cities and Provinces; Tributary and Protected States; Military Power and Resources; Religion, Education, Crime; Land Tenures; Staple Products; Government, Finance, and Commerce. With a Full Account of the Mutiny of the Bengal Army; of the Insurrection in Western India; and an Exposition of the Alleged Causes.}}|location=London&#59; New York, N.Y.|publisher=The London Printing and Publishing Company|year=1804|year_published=[1858]|volume=!I (History, Topography, Population, Government, Finance, Commerce, and Staple Products)|page=399|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36987/page/n426/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=552048115|passage={{...}} Lake [''i.e.'', {{w|Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake}}] should not have leisure to breathe for a moment, and calamities would fall on '''lacs''' of human beings in continued war by the attacks of his army, which would overwhelm like the waves of the sea.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Contemporary Portraits. New Series.—No. 8. {{w|Charles Darwin}}, F.R.S.|journal=[[w:Dublin University Magazine|The University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Hurst and Blackett|Hurst & Blackett]],{{nb...}}|month=August|year=1878|volume=II|page=154|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNEvAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA154|oclc=828212439|passage=The Laccadives and Maldives, for instance, meaning literally the "'''lac''' of islands" and the "thousand islands," are a series of such atolls; {{...}}}}

===Etymology 3===
From {{m|en|Cadillac}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|slang}} {{clipping of|en|Cadillac}}
#: {{syn|en|caddie|caddy}}
#: {{ux|en|Last night I was driving around in my '''lac'''.}}
#* '''1992''', Big Mello, ''Bone Hard Zaggin'', Rap-A-Lot Records, track 5. "Mac's Drive 'Lac's"
#*: [[mac|Macs]] drive '''lacs'''.
#* {{quote-song|en|year=2005|title=Drive Slow|album=Late Registration|artist=Kanye West|passage=The candy gloss is immaculate, it's simply amazing / Them elbows poking wide on that candy '''’Lac'''}}

===Etymology 4===
From {{m|en|laceration}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{IPA|en|/læs/}}
* {{rhymes|en|æs|s=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|medicine|colloquial}} [[laceration|Laceration]].
#: {{ux|en|hand '''lac'''}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acl|ACL|CLA|Cal|Cal.|LCA|alc|cal|cal.}}

{{cln|en|heteronyms}}
{{C|en|Gums and resins|Scale insects}}

==Aromanian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|rup|la|lacus|t=lake}}, from {{inh|rup|itc-pro|*lakus}}, from {{inh|rup|ine-pro|*lókus||lake, pool}}.

===Noun===
{{head|rup|noun}}

# [[lake]]

==Dalmatian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|dlm|la|lacus|t=lake}}, from {{inh|dlm|itc-pro|*lakus}}, from {{inh|dlm|ine-pro|*lókus|t=lake, pool}}.

===Noun===
{{head|dlm|noun|g=m}}

# [[lake]]

==Franco-Provençal==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|frp|lac||brs}}

===Noun===
{{head|frp|noun|altform=1}} {{tlb|frp|orbl}}

# {{altform|frp|lèc||[[lake]]}}

===References===
* {{R:frp:DFP}}

==French==
{{wp|lang=fr}}

===Etymology===
{{inh+|fr|frm|lac}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|lac}}, a replacement of earlier {{m|fro|lai|t=pit, trench, ditch, grave, mere, pond}} (see {{cog|fro|lac}}). Generally inferred as a borrowing of {{bor|fr|la|lacus|t=lake}}, from {{der|fr|itc-pro|*lakus}}, from {{der|fr|ine-pro|*lókus|t=lake, pool}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-lac.ogg|a=Paris}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-Paris--lac.ogg|a=Paris}}
* {{rhymes|fr|ak|s=1}}
* {{homophones|fr|lacs|laque|laquent|laques}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# [[lake]]

====Derived terms====
{{col3|fr
|Grands Lacs
|il n'y a pas le feu au lac
|lac Léman
|lac Poyang
|lac salé
}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|ACL}}

{{C|fr|Bodies of water|Landforms}}

==K'iche'==

===Noun===
{{head|quc|noun}}

# {{lb|quc|Classical K'iche'|}} [[plate]]

[[Category:Classical K'iche']]

==Latin==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}
[[Image:Glass of Milk (33657535532).jpg|thumb|[[poculum#Latin|Poculum]] lactis.]]

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|la|lact|lacte}}

===Etymology===
From {{m|la|lact}} by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form {{m|la|lacte}} shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is {{unc|la|controversial}}: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon. Possible cognates include {{cog|grc|γάλα|t=milk|alt=γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ-}}, {{cog|xcl|կաթն|t=milk}} (or perhaps only its variant form {{cog|xcl|*կաղց}}, reconstructed as the ancestor of modern dialectal {{cog|hy|կախց}})<ref name=
"Nielsen">{{cite-book|last=Nielsen|first=R.T.|title=Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate|year=2023|pages=163-165}},</ref> {{cog|hit|𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻|tr=galaktar|t=balm, resin}}, {{cog|sq|dhallë|t=buttermilk}}, {{cog|ro|zară|t=buttermilk}} and {{cog|wbk|zōr|t=milk}}.

{{nav-top}}
Pokorny reconstructs the Latin and Greek words as inherited from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*glakt|g=n}} from a root {{m|ine-pro|*glag-}} or {{m|ine-pro|*glak-}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|head=glag-|page=400}}</ref> De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek and Armenian forms from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*gl̥gt-}}, and follows Meiser in explaining the loss of initial ''*g-'' in Latin as a result of long-distance dissimilation.<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|head=lac|page=320}}</ref> Per Nielsen, the Latin and Greek words can be derived from ''*glakt-'', {{cog|xcl||*կաղց}} can be derived from ''*g(a)l(ḱ)t-'' (requiring an initial non-palatal velar), and {{cog|sq||dhallë}} can perhaps be derived from ''*ǵal(K)-'' (requiring an initial palatal velar); on the basis of the variability in the initial consonant and the unusual root structure, Nielsen considers the root to be non-Indo-European in origin.<ref name=
"Nielsen"/>

There have been attempts to derive the word instead from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂melǵ-|t=milk}}. 
* Garnier, Sagart and Sagot 2017 cite Garnier 2016's reconstruction of a verb {{m|la||*ambĭ-blactāre|t=to milk with both hands}} > {{m|la||*amblactāre}}, supposing this was subsequently reanalyzed as {{m|la||*amb-lactāre}} and lost the prefix to yield the attested verb {{m|la|lactō|lactāre}}. The noun {{m|la||lac(t)}} would then derive by back-formation from the verb {{m|la||lactāre}}.<ref>{{cite-book|title=Language Dispersal Beyond Farming|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|year=2017|author=Romain Garnier|author2=Laurent Sagart|author3=Benoît Sagot|editors=Martine Robbeets, Alexander Savelyev|chapter=13. Milk and the Indo-Europeans|page=302|section=2.2.2}}</ref>
{{nav-bottom}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|lac}}

===Noun===
{{la-noun|lac/lact<3.N.sg>}}

# [[milk]]
#: {{ux|la|Cum '''lacte''' nutricis.|inline=1|With the nurse's '''milk'''.}}
# for something [[sweet]], [[pleasant]]
#: {{ux|la|In melle sunt linguae sitae vostrae atque orationes, '''lacteque'''; corda felle sunt lita, atque acerbo aceto.|In honey your tongues and speeches are dipped, '''and in milk'''; your hearts are smeared with gall and with bitter vinegar. (Plautus)}}
#: {{ux|la|Ut mentes ... satiari velut quodam jucundioris disciplinae '''lacte''' patiantur.|That minds may endure being satisfied as by the '''milk''' of a more pleasant discipline. (Quintilian)}}
# [[milky]] [[juice]]
#: {{ux|la|'''Lac''' herbae.|inline=1|'''Milk''' of a plant.}}
#: {{ux|la|cum '''lacte''' veneni.|inline=1|with poisonous '''milk'''.}}
#* '''c. 1st century BCE''', ''Anonymous'' (formerly misattributed to Ovid), ''Nux''
#*: {{quote|la|Lamina mollis adhuc tenero dum '''lacte''', quod intro est,<br>nec mala sunt ulli nostra futura bono.
|translation=As their nutshell still remains soft with something tenderly milky inside,<br>my future fruits are not good to anyone.}}
# {{lb|la|poetic}} [[milk-white]] color
#* {{Q|la|Publius Ovidius Naso|Ars Amatoria|I.290|year=2 CE|quote=Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus Idae<br>candidus, armenti gloria, taurus erat,<br>signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro;<br>una fuit labes, cetera '''lactis''' erant.|trans=As fortune had it, in the shadowy valleys of forested Ida,<br>there was a white bull, the glory of its herd,<br>marked by slightly black colour between its horns;<br>the blemish was (only) one, the rest were milk-white.}}

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|lac/lact<3.N.sg>}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|la|ā lacte cūnīsque||from the cradle, from infancy}}
* {{l|la|lac pressum||cheese}}
* {{l|la|tam similem, quam lactis||as like as one egg is to another}}
* {{l|la|qui plus lactis quam sanguinis habet||of tender age}}
{{der4|la
|collactāneus
|lactāneus
|lactāris
|lactārius
|lactātum
|lacteō
|lacteolus
|lactēscō
|lacteus
|lacticīnium
|lactifer
|lactineus
|lactō
|lactōsus
|lactoris
|lactūca
|lactūcārius
}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|LL.|lactis}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|en|lactic|[[lact-|lact]]([[lacto-|o]])-|bor=1|der=1}}
* {{desc|eo|lakto|bor=1}}
** {{desc|io|lakto}}
* {{desc|ia|lacte|bor=1}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:du Cange}}
* {{R:M&A}}

{{c|la|Beverages|Milk|Liquids|Colors}}

==Norman==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|nrf|fro|lac}}, from {{inh|nrf|la|lacus|t=lake}}, from {{inh|nrf|itc-pro|*lakus}}, from {{inh|nrf|ine-pro|*lókus|t=lake, pool}}.

===Noun===
{{nrf-noun|m}}

# {{lb|nrf|Jersey|geography}} [[lake]]

==Old English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|ang|læc}}

===Etymology===
{{root|ang|ine-pro|*leyg-|id=jump}}
From {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*laik}}, from {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*laikaz}}, compare {{m|gem-pro|*laikaną}}. Cognates include {{cog|non|leikr}} (whence {{cog|da|leg|t=game}}, {{cog|sv|leka|t=to play}}), {{cog|got|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃|t=dance}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|lāc}}

===Noun===
{{ang-noun|head=lāc|n|g2=f}}

# [[play]], [[sport]]
# [[battle]], [[strife]]
# [[gift]], [[offering]], [[sacrifice]], [[booty]]; [[message]]
#* '''late 10th century''', [[w:Ælfric of Eynsham|Ælfric]], ''[https://archive.org/details/aelfricslivesof01aelf/page/148/mode/2up?view=theater Lives of Saints]''
#*: {{quote|ang|''Æfter þisum bebēad sē ablenda Datianus þæt mann his dēadan godas dēorwurþlīċe frætewode and þæt deofles templ mid dēorwurþan seolfre, and hēt þider lǣdan þone, wende þæt hē wolde wurþian his godas and his '''lāc''' ġeoffrian þām līflēasum godum.''|After this the blinded Datianus ordered that his dead gods be richly adorned and that the Devil's temple be adorned with silver, and ordered the faithful martyr to be brought to there, so that he would worship and offer '''sacrifices''' to the lifeless gods.}}
#: {{ux|ang|Hie drihtne '''lac''' begen brohton.|They both brought an '''offering''' to the Lord.}}

====Declension====
; when neuter
{{ang-decl-noun-a-n|lāc}}
; when feminine
{{ang-decl-noun-o-f|lāc}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ang|heaþolāc||warfare}}
* {{l|ang|wiflāc||intercourse with a woman}}
* {{l|ang|scīnlāc||illusion, imagination, magical delusion}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ang|-lāc}}
* {{l|ang|lācan}}
* {{l|ang|lǣċan}}

====Descendants====
* {{desctree|enm|lok|id=offering}}

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|fro|lai||early}}

===Etymology===
Generally assumed to be a borrowing of {{bor|fro|la|lacus|t=basin, tank, tub, reservoir, pond}}, displacing the native {{cog|fro|lai|t=pit, grave, trench, mere, pond}}, inherited from the same Latin term, by the early 13th century. {{cog|la|lacus}} derives from {{der|fro|itc-pro|*lakus}}, from {{der|fro|ine-pro|*lókus|t=lake, pool}},

The displacement of {{cog|fro|lai}} may have been assisted by influence from early {{noncog|enm|lac}}, {{m|enm|lace|t=lake, pond, pool", also "pit, ditch, trench}}, from {{noncog|ang|lacu|t=pool, pond, lake}}, due to ''lac's'' sudden spread in Old French following the annexation of English controlled Normandy into the kingdom of France in 1204. An outright borrowing of the term from Middle English rather than from the Latin is also not outside the realm of possibility, as the earliest attestations of {{cog|fro|lac}} are in the [[w:Eadwine Psalter|Eadwine Psalter]] (written by Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman scribes in England) and [[w:Erec and Enide|Erec and Enide]] (an Arthurian romance, whose author was heavily influenced by English, Anglo-Norman, and Celtic writings).

The {{noncog|pro|lac}}, {{m|pro|laz}}, {{m|pro|latz|t=snare, noose", also "pit, hole}}, which some theorise as leading to the Old French form (with ''c''), is actually derived from a different Latin root related to {{noncog|fro|laz|t=snare, noose, lace}}, and possibly conflated with {{noncog|goh|lacha|t=ditch, trench, pool}}. See {{noncog|it|lacca|t=hole, pit}}.

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# [[lake]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|frm|lac}}
** {{desc|enm|lac|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|lac}}
** {{desc|nrf|lac}} {{q|Jersey}}

==Old Irish==

===Etymology===
{{root|sga|ine-pro|*(s)leh₁g-}}
From {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*laggos}}, from {{der|sga|ine-pro|*(s)leh₁g-}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sga|/l͈aɡ/}}

===Adjective===
{{sga-adj}}

# [[weak]], [[feeble]]
# {{lb|sga|hair}} [[soft]], [[smooth]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|sga|lacaid}}
* {{l|sga|lacatus}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ga|lag}}
* {{desc|gv|lag}}
* {{desc|gd|lag}}

===Mutation===
{{sga-mutation|l|ac}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:DIL|29255}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ro|la|lacus|t=lake}}, from {{der|ro|itc-pro|*lakus}}, from {{der|ro|ine-pro|*lókus|t=lake, pool}}. Compare {{cog|an|laco}}, {{cog|ca|llac}}, {{cog|eo|lago}}, {{cog|fr|lac}}, {{cog|it|lago}}, {{cog|mt|lag}}, {{cog|pt|lago}}, {{cog|sc|lagu}}, {{cog|es|lago}}.

===Noun===
{{ro-noun|n|lacuri}}

# [[lake]]

====Declension====
{{ro-noun-n|pl=lacuri|def=lacul}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ro|lăcos}}

{{C|ro|Bodies of water|Landforms}}

==Romansch==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|rm}}

===Pronunciation===
{{rfp|rm}}

===Noun===
{{head|rm|noun|g=m}}

# [[paint]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|rm|vernisch}} {{qualifier|Rumantsch Grischun|Sursilvan|Puter|Vallader}}, {{l|rm|verneisch}} {{qualifier|Surmiran}}

==Zazaki==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|zza|laj}}<ref>{{R:zza:Todd|page=145b}}</ref>
* {{l|zza|laz}}

===Etymology===
Compare {{cog|axm|լաճ}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|zza|[ˈlɑdz]|a={{w|Northern Zazaki}}}}
* {{IPA|zza|[ˈlɑdʒ]|a={{w|Southern Zazaki}}}}
* {{hyphenation|zza|lac}}

===Noun===
{{zza-noun|g=m}}

# [[son]]<ref>{{R:zza:Keskin|page=9a}}</ref>
#: {{ux|zza|O '''lac'''ê mıno.|inline=1|He is my son.}}
#: {{ux|zza|''Lac'''ê to ''lac'''ê mı rê vano.|inline=1|Your son says to my son.}}
# [[boy]]
#: {{ux|zza|Çı '''lac'''ê do rındo.|inline=1|What a beautiful boy.}}

===References===
<references/>

{{topics|zza|Family}}