View source for gum

{{also|Gum|GUM}}
==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|gŭm}}, {{IPA|en|/ɡʌm/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-gum.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌm|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|gome}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|gome}}, from {{inh|en|ang|gōma||palate}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*gōmō}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*gōmô}}, {{m|gem-pro|*gaumô||palate}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰh₂u-mo-}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰeh₂w-||to gape, yawn}}.

See also {{cog|de|Gaumen}}, {{cog|non|gómr}}, Icelandic {{m|is|gómur}}; also {{cog|xto|ko}}, {{cog|txb|koyṃ||mouth}}, {{cog|lt|gomurỹs||palate}}. More at [[yawn]].

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|often|in the plural}} The [[flesh]] around the [[tooth|teeth]].

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|gingiva}} ''(medical)''

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|title=Terms derived from ''gum'' (noun, etymology 1)|gumboil|gum-didder|gum-digger|gum-digging|gum disease|gumless|gummed|gummy|gum ridge|gum-ring|gum-rubber|gum shield|gum-stake|gum-tickler|gum-tooth|gumwork|gum job}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|flesh around teeth}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|tandvleis}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|nullë|f}}, {{t+|sq|nullëz|f}}, {{t|sq|gingivë|f}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|لِثَة|f}}, {{t|ar|لَثَة|f}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|لثة|f|tr=lesa}}
*: Gulf Arabic: {{t|afb|لثة|tr=liṯṯa}}
*: Hijazi Arabic: {{t|acw|لثة|f|tr=liṯṯa}}
*: Moroccan Arabic: {{t|ary|لتة|f|tr=latta}}
* Aragonese: {{t|an|cheniva|f}}, {{t|an|geniva|f}}
* Aramaic:
*: Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: {{t|tmr|דּוּר שֶׁנֵּי|tr=dur shennē}}, {{t|tmr|דּרָרָא|tr=dərārā}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|լինդ}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|dzindzie|f}}, {{t|rup|dzindzii}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|enxiva|f}}, {{t+|ast|xenxiva|f}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|diş əti}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|oi}}
* Bau Bidayuh: {{t|sne|dode}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|дзясна́|f}}
* Bikol Central: {{t+|bcl|ngaros}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|вене́ц|m}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|သွားဖုံး}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|geniva|f}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|lagos}}
* Central Dusun: {{t|dtp|monsis}}
* Central Melanau: {{t|mel|nyip}}, {{t|mel|dadan}}
* Chavacano: {{t|cbk|encia}}
* Chichewa: {{t|ny|nkhama}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|齒齦}}, {{t+|cmn|牙齦}}, {{t+|cmn|齦|tr=yín}}
* Classical Syriac: {{t|syc|ܕܘܼܪܵܐ ܕܫܸܢܢܹܐ|tr=dūrā dəšennēʾ}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|kig dens|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|dáseň|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|tandkød|n}}, {{t|da|gumme|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|tandvlees|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|gingivo}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|ige}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|tannhald|n}}, {{t|fo|tannhold|n}}, {{t|fo|tannkjøt|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ikenet|p}}
* French: {{t+|fr|gencive|f}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|zenzie|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|enxiva|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სასა}}, {{t|ka|ღრძილი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Zahnfleisch|n}}
*: Alemannic German: {{t|gsw|Billere|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|ούλο|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|οὖλον|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|חניכיים|alt=חניכיים / חֲנִיכַיִם|m-d|tr=khanikháyim}}
* Hiligaynon: {{t|hil|lasi}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|मसूड़ा|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|íny}}, {{t+|hu|fogíny}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|tannhold|n}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|jenjivo}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|gusi}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|ien}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|gingiva}}
* Inuktitut: {{t|iu|ᐃᒃᑭᖅ}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|drandal|m}}, {{t|ga|carball|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|gengiva|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|齦|tr=はぐき, haguki}}, {{t+|ja|歯茎|tr=はぐき, haguki}}, {{t+|ja|歯齦|tr=しぎん, shigin}}, {{t+|ja|歯肉|tr=しにく, shiniku, はにく, haniku}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|ꦒꦸꦱꦶ|tr=gusi}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қызыл иек}}, {{t|kk|тістің ет}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ជើងធ្មេញ}}
* Kimaragang: {{t|kqr|ngonsis}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|잇몸}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|پووک}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|pidû|f}}, {{t+|kmr|pidî|f}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ເຫງືອກ}}, {{t|lo|ຟັນ}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|muzlys|f-p}}
* Latin: {{t|la|gingīva}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|smaganas|f-p}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|dantenos|f-p}}
* Lombard: {{t|lmo|zenziva|f}}
* Lotud: {{t|dtr|monsis}}
* Lü: {{t|khb|ᦵᦄᦲᧅ}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|Zännfleesch|n}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|десни|f-p}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|gusi}}
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᡠᠮᠠᠨ}}
* Mansaka: {{t|msk|goos}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|буйл}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|awótsíín}}
* Nepali: {{t+|ne|गिजा}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|denchive|f}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|tannkjøtt|n}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|gengiva|f}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|دیش اتی|tr=diş eti}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|لثه|tr=lase}}, {{t+|fa|اروک|tr=aruk}}, {{t|fa|آروک|tr=âruk}}, {{t|fa|زیه|tr=ziye}}, {{t+|fa|ارک|tr=arak, arok}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|dziąsło|n}}, {{t|pl|dziąsła|p}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|gengiva|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|gingie|f}}
* Romansch: {{t|rm|schunschiva|f}}
* Rungus: {{t|drg|ngonsis}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|десна́|f}}
* Sabah Bisaya: {{t|bsy|sinsilon}}
* Sardinian: {{t|sc|ghinghía|f}}, {{t|sc|benzía|f}}, {{t|sc|sénsia|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|де̑сни|f-p}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|dȇsni|f-p}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|gingili}}, {{t+|scn|cincili}}, {{t|scn|zinzìa|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|ďasno|n}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|dlésen|f}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|źěsna|p}}
*: Upper Sorbian: {{t+|hsb|dźasna|p}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|тиш эт}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|encía|f}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|ufizi}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|tandkött|n}}
* Tagal Murut: {{t|mvv|sinsilon}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|gilagid}}
* Tai Dam: {{t-needed|blt}}
* Tai Nüa: {{t-needed|tdd}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|вора}}, {{t|tg|милки дандон}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|เหงือก}}
* Tibetan: {{t-needed|bo}}
* Timugon Murut: {{t|tih|sinsilon}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|diş eti}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|diş eti}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|я́сна|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|مَسُوڑھا|m}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|milk}}
* Venetan: {{t|vec|zinzìva|f}}, {{t|vec|zenzìva|f}}, {{t|vec|xenxìva|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|nướu}}, {{t+|vi|lợi}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|gingif}}
* Waray-Waray: {{t|war|lagos}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|deintgig|m}}, {{t|cy|gorcharfan|m}}
* West Coast Bajau: {{t|bdr|isi impon}}
* West Frisian: {{t|fy|toskfleis|n}}
* White Hmong: {{t-needed|mww}}
* Zhuang: {{t-needed|za}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# To [[chew]], especially of a [[toothless]] person or animal.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a [[gummer]].

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|gomme}}, {{m|enm|gumme}}, borrowed from {{der|en|xno|gome}}, from {{der|en|LL.|gumma}}, from {{der|en|la|cummi}}, {{m|la|gummi}}, from {{der|en|grc|κόμμι}}, from {{der|en|egy|qmy||anointing oil}}, {{m|egy|qmyt||acanthus resin, gum}}. Cognate with {{cog|es|goma||rubber}}. {{doublet|en|gumma}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|botany|biochemistry|mostly|uncountable}} A [[viscous]] [[water-soluble]] [[carbohydrate]] [[exudate]] of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.
#: {{ux|en|'''gum''' arabic}}
#: {{ux|en|'''gum'''-oleo-resin}}
# {{lb|en|mostly|uncountable}} Any [[viscous]] or [[sticky]] [[substance]] resembling the true gum.
#: {{ux|en|'''gum''' benzoin}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1833|author=John Kennedy|title=Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie|page=205
|passage={{...}} [[becoomed]] wi' the '''gum''' o' the coal-hill {{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|mostly|uncountable}} [[chewing gum|Chewing gum]].
# {{lb|en|countable}} A single piece of [[chewing gum]].
#: {{ux|en|Do you have a '''gum''' to spare?}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2005|author=w:Zadie Smith|title=w:On Beauty|publisher=Penguin Books (2006)|page=388|passage=Levi unwrapped a '''gum''' and put it in his mouth.}}
# {{lb|en|South Africa|often|in the plural}} A [[gummi]] candy.
# {{lb|en|US|dialect|Southern US}} A [[hive]] made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
# {{lb|en|US|dialect|Southern US}} A [[vessel]] or [[bin]] made from a [[hollow]] [[log]].
# {{lb|en|US|dialect}} A [[rubber]] [[overshoe]].
# A [[gum tree]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|title=Terms derived from ''gum'' (etymology 2)|acacia gum|[[accaroid gum]], [[accroides gum]]|apple-gum|bee gum|begum|black gum|blue gum|box-gum|British gum|[[bubble gum]], [[bubble-gum]], [[bubblegum]]| hog gum tree|weeping snow gum|carob gum|chagual gum|chewing gum|chicle gum|dammar gum|degum|doctor-gum|doctor's gum|elastic gum|free gum|gellan gum|ghatti gum|grilled gum|guar gum|gum acacia|[[gum acaroidea]], [[gum accroides]]|gum albanum|gum ammoniac|[[gum anima]], [[gum animé]], [[gum animi]]|gum animal|gum arabic|gumball|gum band|gum benjamin|gum benzoin|gum bichromate|gum-boiler|[[gum boot]], [[gumboot]]|gum-bucket|gum butea|gum camphor|gum-chewer|gum-chewing|gum cistus|gum dammar|gum-digger|gum-digging|gum dragon|[[gum-drop]], [[gumdrop]]|gum elastic|gum elemi|gum eraser|gum eurphorbium|gum-field|gum-flowers|gum-game|gum guaiac|gum-hole|gum ivy|gum juniper|gum karaya|gum kino|gum labdanum|gum lac|gum-land|gumlands|[[gum-line]], [[gumline]]|gummage|gummy|gum myrrh|gum myrtle|gum nut|gum of ivy|gum olibanum|gum over platinum|gum-paper|gum passage|gum plant|gum-platinum|gum pot|gum print|gum printing|gum-rash|gum resin|gum rockrose|gum sandarac|gum sangapenum|gum-seal|gum-senegal|gumshoe|gum silk|[[gum stick]]<!--does not mean "a stick of chewing gum"-->|gum-succory|gum-sucker|gum-taffeta|gum-thistle|gum thus|gum tragacanth|gum tree|gum turpentine|gum water|[[gum wood]], [[gumwood]]|gum-worker|hog gum|karaya gum|Kordofan gum|locust bean gum|log gum|manna gum|mastic gum|mountain gum|natural gum|red gum|ribbon gum|[[slum gum]], [[slumgum]]|snow gum|sonora gum|sour gum|spotted gum|spruce gum|sterculia gum|[[sugar gum]], [[sugar-gum]]|[[sweet gum]], [[sweet gum-tree]]|tara gum|ungum|white gum|xanthan gum|York gum|acaroid gum|art gum|Barbary gum|cabbage gum|cow gum|cushion gum|flooded gum|ghost gum|gum coolibah|gum lift|gum up the works|gum-resin|hashab gum|hog-gum|iron gum|nicotine gum|orange gum|red-gum|river gum|river red gum|rose gum|snappy gum|strike me up a gum tree|swamp gum|sweet gum tree|Tasmanian blue gum|up a gum tree|walk and chew gum at the same time|white gum poison|wine gum|wood gum|Strickland's gum|yellow gum|arabic gum|Cape gum|kauri gum|mahogany gum|stinking gum|cider gum|Murray red gum|stick of gum|Persian gum}}

=====Related terms=====
{{rel3|en|gumma|gummatous|gummic acid|gummiferous|gummite|gummose|gummosis|gummosity|gummous}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|sticky substance exuded by certain plants}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|صَمْغ|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խեժ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|смола|f|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|bg|клей|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Danish: {{t|da|gummi|n}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|vaik}}, {{t|et|kummi}}
* French: {{t+|fr|gomme|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|goma|f}}, {{t+|gl|resina|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kautschuk|m}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κόμμι|n}}, {{t|grc|γλοιός|m}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|guma|m}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ជ័រឈើ|tr=coa cʰəə|sc=Khmr}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pia}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|teoru|n}}, {{t|ang|trēowteoru|n}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|ساقز|tr=sakız}}, {{t|ota|رچینه|tr=reçine}}, {{t|ota|راتینج|tr=ratinec}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|انگم|tr=angom}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|resina|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|камедь|f}}, {{t+|ru|смола|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|निर्यास|m}}, {{t+|sa|द्रव्य|n}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|goma|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|gummi|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|kalamak}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ยาง|tr=yaang}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|kauçuk}}, {{t+|tr|zamk}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|камедь|f}}, {{t|uk|ґлей|m}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|gwm|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խեժ}}
* Danish: {{t|da|syntetgummi|n}}
* French: {{t+|fr|gomme|f}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|guma|m}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ยาง|tr=yaang}}, {{t+|th|กาว|tr=gaao}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|kauçuk}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|gwm|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|chewing gum}}

{{trans-top|single piece of chewing gum}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|عِلْكَة|f}}
*: Hijazi Arabic: {{t|acw|لُبَانة|f|tr=lubāna}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ծամոն}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|дъвка|f|sc=Cyrl}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|口香糖|tr=kǒuxiāngtáng}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|tyggegummi|n}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|näts}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chewing-gum|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|goma de mascar|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kaugummi|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|chiclete|m}}, {{t+|pt|goma de mascar|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жвачка|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|žuvačka}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|chicle}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|tuggummi|n}}
* Thai: {{t|th|หมากฝรั่ง|tr=màak-fà-ràng}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|жуйка|f}}, {{t|uk|гумка|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Ido: {{t+check|io|gumo}} (3)
* Spanish: {{t+check|es|goma|f}} (1,2), {{t+check|es|chicle|m}} (3)
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|sometimes with {{m|en|up}}}} To apply an [[adhesive]] or gum to; to make [[sticky]] by applying a sticky substance to.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|author=Julie Hedgepeth Williams|title=A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival| isbn=1603061169| page=184| passage=However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was '''gummed''' up with red paint.}}
# To [[stiffen]] with glue or gum.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 4-1|I|ii|passage=He frets like a '''gummed''' velvet.}}
# {{lb|en|sometimes with {{m|en|together}}}} To [[inelegantly]] [[attach]] into a [[sequence]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year= 1946|author= George Orwell|title= Politics and the English Language|chapter=|url=|isbn=|page=|pageurl=|passage=It consists in '''gumming''' together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.}}
# {{lb|en|colloquial|with {{m|en|up}}}} To [[impair]] the functioning of a thing or process.
#: {{ux|en|That cheap oil will '''gum up''' the engine valves.}}
#: {{ux|en|The new editor can '''gum up''' your article with too many commas.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|gum up}}
* {{l|en|by gum}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=gmu|MGU|mug}}

{{C|en|Footwear|Gums and resins}}
{{cln|en|three-letter words}}

==Czech==

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|cs|um|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{head|cs|noun form}}

# {{infl of|cs|guma||gen|p}}

==Dutch==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|nl|gom}} {{q|now restricted to Belgium in the meaning “eraser”}}.

===Etymology===
A relatively recent variant of {{m|nl|gom}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣʏm/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-gum.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|gum}}

===Noun===
{{nl-noun|m|-en|+}}

# an [[eraser]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|gummen}}
* {{l|nl|kneedgum}}

==Hausa==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ha-IPA|gùm|ideo=1}}

===Ideophone===
{{ha-pos|ideophone|gùm}}

# [[smell]]ing [[bad]]

====Alternative forms====
* {{l|ha|sùm}}

==Icelandic==

===Etymology===
From {{der|is|gem-pro|*gaumō|t=attention, heed}}<ref>{{R:gem:EDPG|gumen|195}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|is|/kʏːm/}}
* {{rhymes|is|ʏːm|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{is-noun|n}}

# [[boasting]], [[exaggeration]]
#: {{syn|is|gort|raup}}

====Declension====
{{is-ndecl|n}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|is|guma||to boast, to exaggerate}}

===References===
<References/>

==Middle English==

===Noun===
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|gumme}}

==Polish==

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-gum.wav}}

===Noun===
{{head|pl|noun form|g=f-p}}

# {{inflection of|pl|guma||gen|p}}

==Salar==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|slr|trk-pro|*kum}}. Compare to {{cog|tr|kum}}, etc.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|slr|[kum]|a=Ejia,Daowei,Xunhua,Qinghai,Ili,Yining,Xinjiang}}

===Noun===
{{slr-noun|gumı|lar}}

# [[sand]]

===References===
* {{R:slr:Stroy|page=395|kum}}
* {{R:slr:Yakup|page=109}}

==Scots==

===Etymology 1===
From {{der|sco|en|gum}}.

====Noun====
{{sco-noun}}

# {{l|en|gum}}

===Etymology 2===
{{unc|sco}}; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.

====Alternative forms====
* {{l|sco|gumm}}

====Noun====
{{sco-noun}}

# [[mist]], [[vapour]], [[haze]]

==Scottish Gaelic==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|gd|gu}}
* {{l|gd|gun}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|gd|/kəm/}}

===Conjunction===
{{head|gd|conjunction}}

# [[that#Conjunction|that]]
#: ''Tha mi cinnteach '''gum''' biodh e toilichte''. - I'm certain that he would be happy.

====Usage notes====
* Used before ''b'', ''f'', ''m'' and ''p''.

==Sumerian==

===Romanization===
{{sux-rom}}

# {{romanization of|sux|𒄣|tr=gum}}

==Turkmen==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|tk|trk-pro|*kum|t=sand}}. Cognates with {{cog|tr|kum}}.

===Noun===
{{tk-noun}}

# [[sand]]

==Zazaki==

===Noun===
{{zza-noun|i|an}}

# {{lb|zza|anatomy}} [[cheek]]