View source for dram

{{also|DRAM|Dram|dràm}}
==English==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|dragme}}, {{m|enm|dramme}}, from {{der|en|fro|dragme}}, {{m|fro|drame}}, from {{der|en|LL.|dragma}}, from {{der|en|la|drachma}}, from {{der|en|grc|δραχμή|t=unit of weight; a handful}}. {{doublet|en|drachma|diram|dirham|dirhem|adarme}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|en|/dɹæm/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dram.wav|a=Southern England}}
** {{audio|en|En-us-dram.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|æm|s=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|units of measurement}} A [[small]] [[unit]] of [[weight]], ''variously:''
## {{alternative form of|en|drachm||One sixteenth of an [[ounce]] [[avoirdupois]] (1.77 [[g]]; symbol: [[ℨ]] or [[ʒ]])}}.
## {{lb|en|pharmacy}} {{alternative form of|en|drachm||One eighth of an [[ounce]] [[apothecary]] (3.89 [[g]]; symbol: [[ℨ]] or [[ʒ]])}}.
## {{lb|en|now uncommon}} {{syn of|en|dirhem|nodot=a}}: a [[former]] [[Turkish]] [[unit]] of [[weight]] ([[variously]] 1.5–3.5 [[g]]).
##* '''1888''', [[w:William Matthew Flinders Petrie|W.M.F. Petrie]], [[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition|''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 9th ed.]], [[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume XXIV|Vol. XXIV]], [[s.v.]] "[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Weights and Measures|Weights and Measures]]":
##*: '''Dram''' (49·5 [[grain]]s), 100=[[chequi]], 4=[[oka]] (2·8286 [[℔]]); '''dram''' (49·5 grains), 180=[[rotl]], 100=[[kintal]] or [[kantar]] (127·29 [[℔]]).
## {{lb|en|obsolete}} {{syn of|en|drachma|nodot=a}}: a [[former]] [[Greek]] [[unit]] of [[weight]] ([[about]] 4.3 [[g]]).
# {{senseid|en|alcohol}} {{lb|en|by extension}} Any [[similarly]] [[minute]] [[quantity]], {{lb|en|now|_|particularly}} a [[small]] [[amount]] of [[strong]] [[alcohol]] or [[poison]].
#: {{ux|en|a '''dram''' of brandy}}
#* {{RQ:Milton Areopagitica|passage=Were I the chooser, a '''dram''' of well-doing should be preferred before many times as much the forcible hindrance of evildoing.}}
#* {{RQ:Defoe Crusoe|pages=281–282|pageref=282|passage=When ''Friday'' came to him I bade him ſpeak to him, and tell him of his Deliverance, and pulling out my Bottle, made him give the poor Wretch a '''Dram''', which, with the News of his being deliver'd, reviv'd him, and he ſat up in the Boat {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-song|en|year=1920|author=Marshall Walker; Will E. Skidmore|artist=w:Bert Williams|title=Save a Little Dram for Me|url=https://archive.org/details/78_save-a-little-dram-for-me_bert-williams-skidmore-walker_gbia0013249b/Save+a+Little+Dram+for+Me+-+Bert+Williams.flac|passage=Oh, brethren, if you wants more preachin' <br> Save a little '''dram''' for me (Glory hallelujah!) <br> Drinkin' gin ain't against my teachin'}}
# {{lb|en|historical|mining}} A [[cart]] formerly used to haul [[coal]] in coal mines.
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1946|month=November and December|title=The Saundersfoot Railway|journal=Railway Magazine|page=340|text=The rolling stock, consisting entirely of four-wheel open trucks, or '''drams''', was broken up at Bonvilles Court Colliery.}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} {{syn of|en|drachma|nodot=a}}: a [[Greek]] [[silver]] [[coin]] [[weigh]]ing one [[drachma]]; [[other]] [[similar]] [[coin]]s.
#* The Bible (King James Version), Ezra 2:69
#*: They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work threescore and one thousand '''drams''' [''[[i.e.]]'', the [[Persian]] [[daric]]] of gold, and five thousand pound of silver {{...}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|small amount of something}} {{l|en|mite}}, {{l|en|smidge}}, {{l|en|smidgeon}}, {{l|en|bit}}, {{l|en|pinch}}
* {{sense|small amount of alcohol}} ''see'' {{l|en|nip}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|angel's dram}}
* {{l|en|dram shop liability}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|da|dram|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fo|drammur|bor=1}}
** {{desc|no|dram|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gd|dràm|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|{{frac|1|16}} ounce avoirdupois}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|dram}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|dracma|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|{{frac|1|8}} ounce apothecary|drachm}}

{{trans-see|Greek weight|drachma}}

{{trans-see|Turkish weight|dirhem}}

{{trans-top|minute quantity}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|hitunen}}, {{t+|fi|hiven}}, {{t+|fi|hyppysellinen}} {{qualifier|solid, also figuratively}}; {{t+|fi|tilkka}}, {{t|fi|tilkkanen}} {{qualifier|liquid}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|dedo|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|small quantity of an alcoholic drink}}
* Danish: {{t|da|dram|c}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|drammur|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tuikku}}, {{t+|fi|naukku}}, {{t+|fi|huikka}}, {{t|fi|tilkkanen}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kurzer|m}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|dranme|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|dedo|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|dràm|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|dated|intransitive}} To [[drink]] drams.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1857|author=w:Samuel Griswold Goodrich|title=Recollections of a Lifetime|passage=What I contend against is, this '''dramming, dramming, dramming''', at all hours of the day. There are some men who take a glass at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and at four in the afternoon.}}
# {{lb|en|dated|transitive}} To [[ply]] with drams of drink.
#* {{RQ:Thackeray Newcomes|passage=The parents{{...}}are getting ready their daughter for sale{{...}}praying her, and imploring her, and '''dramming''' her, and coaxing her.}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|en|hy|դրամ}}, from {{der|en|pal|𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭|ts=drahm|sc=Phli}}, from {{der|en|grc|δραχμή||unit of weight, a handful}}, from {{m|grc|δράσσομαι||I hold, seize}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|en|/dɹæm/|/dɹɑm/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dram.wav|a=Southern England}}
** {{audio|en|En-us-dram.ogg|a=US}}

====Noun====
{{wikipedia|Armenian dram}}
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|numismatics|nocat=y}} The [[currency]] of [[Armenia]], divided into 100 [[luma]].

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|currency unit of Armenia}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դրամ}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|dram}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|დრამი}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|ντραμ|n}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|dwam}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|dram|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|dram|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|драм|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=admr|arm'd|ARMD|armd.|mard|AMDR|RADM|Adm'r|RAdm}}

{{c|en|Armenia|Currencies|Historical currencies|Coins|Units of measure}}

==Danish==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|da|en|dram}}, from {{der|da|fro|drame}}, variant of {{m|fro|dragme}}.

===Noun===
{{da-noun|stem=dramm|en|e|pl-indef-2=drammer}}

# {{l|en|dram}} (a small quantity of an alcoholic drink)

====Inflection====
{{da-noun-infl|stem=dramm|en|e|pl-indef-2=drammer|pl-def-2=drammerne|gen-pl-indef-2=drammers|gen-pl-def-2=drammernes}}

{{C|da|Food and drink}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-dram.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɑm|s=1}}

===Verb===
{{head|nl|verb form}}

# {{infl of|nl|drammen||bare-verb}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|darm}}, {{l|nl|R'dam}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|nb|en|dram}}, from {{der|nb|fro|drame}}, from {{der|nb|la|drachma}}, from {{der|nb|grc|δραχμή}}. {{doublet|nb|drakme}}.

===Noun===
{{nb-noun-m1|dramm}}

# a {{l|en|dram}}, [[nip]], [[shot]] {{q|usually of akvavit}}

===References===
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}}
* {{R:NAOB}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|nn|en|dram}}, from {{der|nn|fro|drame}}, from {{der|nn|la|drachma}}, from {{der|nn|grc|δραχμή}}. {{doublet|nn|drakme}}.

===Noun===
{{nn-noun-m1|dramm}}

# a {{l|en|dram}}, [[nip]], [[shot]] {{q|usually of akvavit}}
# a [[drink]] {{gl|alcohol}}
#: {{ux|nn|Eg skal til kroa og ta meg ein liten '''dram'''|I'm going to the pub to take a '''drink'''}}

===References===
* {{R:The Nynorsk Dictionary}}

==Old Frisian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ofs|gmw-pro|*draum}}.

===Noun===
{{ofs-noun|m|head=drām}}

# a [[dream]]

====Inflection====
{{ofs-decl-noun-a-m|drām}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|frr|drom}}
* {{desc|stq|Droom}}
* {{desc|fy|dream}}

==Romanian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˈdram/}}
* {{rhymes|ro|am|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|ro|el|δράμι}}, from {{der|ro|gkm|δράμι}}, from {{der|ro|ar|دِرْهَم}}, from {{der|ro|pal|𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭|tr=drahm}}, from {{der|ro|grc|δραχμή|g=f|t=drachma}}.

====Noun====
{{ro-noun|n|uri}}

# {{lb|ro|historical}} {{l|en|dram}} {{gloss|unit of measurement}}
# {{lb|ro|figurative}} [[tiny]] [[amount]]

=====Declension=====
{{ro-noun-n|pl=dramuri}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|ro|hy|դրամ}}, from {{der|ro|pal|𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭|tr=drahm}}, from {{der|ro|grc|δραχμή}}.

====Noun====
{{ro-noun|m|i}}

# {{lb|ro|numismatics}} {{l|en|dram}} {{gloss|currency of Armenia}}

=====Declension=====
{{ro-noun-m}}

===References===
* {{R:DEX}}

==Scottish Gaelic==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|gd|drama|dràm}}

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|gd|en|dram}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|gd|/t̪ɾaum/|ref={{R:gd:Borgstrom1937}}}}

===Noun===
{{gd-noun|g=m|gen=drama|pl=dramannan}}

# {{l|en|dram}} {{gloss|small amount of alcoholic drink, usually whisky}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|gd|slapag}}, {{l|gd|gloc-nid}}, {{l|gd|sgailc-nid}}, {{l|gd|deoch-sgailce}}, {{l|gd|deoch-sheide|t=traditional first dram of the morning}} 
* {{l|gd|deoch air uilinn}}, {{l|gd|friochd}}, {{l|gd|friochd-uilinn|t=traditional second dram of the morning}} 
* {{l|gd|deoch chasruisgte|t=traditional third dram of the morning}} 
* {{l|gd|deoch-bhleith}}, {{l|gd|clach-bhleith|t=traditional fourth dram of the morning}} 
* {{l|gd|alair}}, {{l|gd|ealair}}, {{l|gd|falair}}, {{l|gd|farair|t=funeral dram}} 

===Mutation===
{{gd-mut-cons|d|ram}}

===References===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Dwelly}}

{{C|gd|Alcoholic beverages}}

==Tagalog==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|tl|en|drum}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr}}

===Noun===
{{tl-noun|b=+}}

# [[drum]] {{gl|barrel or large cylindrical container}}
# {{lb|tl|music}} [[drum]]
#: {{syn|tl|tambol|bombo}}

====See also====
* {{l|tl|bariles}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}