View source for cupbearer

{{also|cup bearer|cup-bearer}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2020|July|20}}

===Etymology===
From {{compound|en|cup|bearer}}; attested since 1483.<ref>{{R:OED Online|entry=cup-bearer|pos=n|id=45881|date=1893|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|entry=cup-bearer|pos=n}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkʌpˌbɛəɹə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-cupbearer.wav|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkʌpˌbɛɹɚ/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|En-us-cupbearer.mp3|a=GA}}
* {{hyphenation|en|cup|bear|er}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|historical}} One who [[ceremonially]] [[fill#Verb|fills]] and [[hand out|hands out]] the [[cup#Noun|cups]] in which a [[drink#Noun|drink]] is [[serve#Verb|served]].
#: {{synonyms|en|cupper|q1=obsolete}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:William Lambarde|chapter=The Goodwine, or Goodwine Sands: Lomea after Twyne|title=A Perambulation of Kent: Conteining the Description, Hystorie, and Customes of that Shyre.{{nb...|VVritten in the Yeere 1570 by William Lambarde of Lincolnes Inne Gent: First Published in the Yeere 1576. and Now Increased and Altered after the Authors Owne Last Copie.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Imprinted at London by}} Edm[und?] Bollifant|year=1596|page=107|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822043011170&view=1up&seq=127|oclc=55193833|passage=[W]hile the King &#91;{{w|Edward the Confessor}}&#93; and Godwine &#91;{{w|Godwin, Earl of Wessex}}&#93; ſate at the table, accompanied with others of the nobilitie, it chanced the '''Cupbearer''' (as he brought wine to the bourd) to ſlip with the one foote, and yet by good ſtrength of his other leg, to recouer himſelfe without falling: [...]}}
#* {{RQ:King James Version|Nehemiah|1|11|url=https://archive.org/stream/Bible1611/Binder1#page/n592/mode/1up|column=1|passage=[P]rosper, I pray thee, thy ſeruant this day, and grant him mercie in the ſight of this man. For I was the kings '''cup-bearer'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Osborne|Francis Osborn[e]]]|chapter=Some Traditional Memorials on the Reign of Q. Elizabeth|title=The Works of Francis Osborn, Esq;{{nb...|Divine, Moral, Historical, Political. In Four Tracts. Viz. 1. Advice to a Son, in Two Parts. 2. Political Reflections on the Government of the Turks, &c. 3. Memoires on Q. Elizabeth and K. James. 4. A Miscellany of Essays, Paradoxes, Problematical Discourses, Letters, Characters, &c.}}|edition=9th|location=London|publisher=Printed, and are to be sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster|year=1683|year_published=1689|section=paragraph 10|page=374|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCRWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA374|oclc=1002871832|passage=This Princeſs &#91;{{w|Elizabeth I}}&#93;, in imitation of her Father ''[[w:Henry VIII of England|Henry the Eighth]]'' did admit none about her for ''Penſioners'', ''Privy Chamber-men'', ''Squires of the Body'', ''Carver's'', '''''Cupbearers''''', ''Sewers'', &c. (that were not a few in number) but ''perſons of ſtature, ſtrength, and birth'', [...]}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Gauthier de Costes, seigneur de la Calprenède|[Gauthier de Costes, seigneur de la Calprenède]]]|translator=Robert Loveday|title=Hymen’s Præludia: Or, Love’s Master-piece. Being that So-much-admir’d Romance, intitled, Cleopatra.{{nb...|In Twelve Parts. Written Originally in French, and Now Elegantly Render’d into English, by Robert Loveday.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed and sold by}} J. Watson,{{nb...|in Wardrobe-Court, Great Carter-Lane.}}|year=1736|volume=I|section=part II, book I|page=78|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA78|oclc=222577329|passage=[C]alling for Drink, one of the King's '''Cup-bearers''' that was accuſtomed to ſerve me, preſented the Cup with a troubled Look, and diſcompoſed Countenance: [...] taking the Cup from his Hands, I was carrying it to my Mouth, when ''Arſanes'' enter'd the Chamber, and haſtily running up to me, juſt as I touched the Cup with my Lips, he ruſhed against my Arm ſo rudely, as he made me let fall the Cup, [...]}}
#* {{RQ:Scott Ivanhoe|volume=I|chapter=VII|page=101|passage=The '''cup-bearer''' shrugged his shoulders in displeasure. "I thought to have lodged him in the solere chamber," said he; "but since he is so unsocial to Christians, e'en let him take the next stall to Isaac the Jew's.— [...]"}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John W. Baldwin|John W[esley] Baldwin]]|chapter=The King’s New Men|title=The Government of [[w:Philip II of France|Philip Augustus]]: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages|edition=1st paperback|location=Berkeley; Los Angeles, Calif.; Oxford, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:University of California Press|year=1986|year_published=1991|page=109|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IojohYAe4EC&pg=PA109|isbn=978-0-520-07391-3|passage=The routine of the royal household required great swarms of servants, designated variously as '''cupbearers''' (''scantiones''), squires (''scutiferi''), pantlers (''panetarii''), cooks, and falconers, all of lesser importance than the chamberlain.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Kaori O'Connor|Kaori O’Connor]]|chapter=The Assyrians and Achaemenid Persians: Empires of Feasting|title=The Never-ending Feast: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Feasting|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic, {{w|Bloomsbury Publishing}}|year=2015|page=78|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sXuBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|isbn=978-1-8478-8926-3|passage=The hands were washed with perfumed water before commencing, and frequently wiped on a napkin as the meal proceeded, while '''cupbearers''' stood by to replenish the drinking cup and bowls of the king and his guests.}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{l|en|cup bearer}}
* {{l|en|cup-bearer}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|cupbearing}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|one who ceremonially fills and hands out the cups in which a drink is served}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|سَاقٍ|m}}, {{t|ar|سَاقِيَة|f}}, {{t|ar|سَاقِي|m}} {{qualifier|informal}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|обер-шэ́нк|m}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|সাকী}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|виноче́рпец|m}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|coper|m}}, {{t|ca|copera|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|šenk|m}}, {{t+|cs|číšník|m}}, {{t+|cs|číšnice|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|mundskænk|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|schenker|m}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|wbꜣ|h=wbA-bA|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|pokalisto}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|skeinkjari}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|juomanlaskija}}
* French: {{t+|fr|échanson|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მწდე}}, {{t|ka|მერიქიფე}}
* German: {{t+|de|Mundschenk|m}}, {{t+|de|Schenk|m}}, {{t|de|Mundschenkin|f}}, {{t|de|Schenkin|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|οινοχόος|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|οἰνοχόος|m}}, {{t|grc|οἰνοχόη|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|pohárnok}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|byrlari|m}}, {{t|is|skutilsveinn|m}}
* Italian: {{t|it|coppiere|m}}, {{t|it|coppiera|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|pincerna|m}}, {{t|la|pocillātor|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|pataurininkis}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|no|munnskjenk|m}}
*: Nynorsk:  {{t-needed|nn}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ساقی|tr=sâqi}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|podczaszy|m}} {{qualifier|roughly}}, {{t+|pl|cześnik|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|copeiro|m}}, {{t+|pt|copeira|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|paharnic}}, {{t+|ro|ceașnic}}, {{t+|ro|păhărniceasă|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|виноче́рпий|m}}, {{t+|ru|обер-ше́нк|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gille-cupa|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:  {{t-needed|sh}}
* Slovak:  {{t-needed|sk}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|copero|m}}, {{t|es|copera|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|munskänk}}, {{t+|sv|ganymed|c}} {{qualifier|poetic}}, {{t+|sv|skänksven|c}} {{qualifier|archaic}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|saki}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|обер-ше́нк|m}}, {{t|uk|виноче́рпій|m}}, {{t|uk|виноче́рпець|m}}, {{t|uk|ча́шник|m}}, {{t|uk|підча́ший|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|ساقی|m|tr=sāqī}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{l|en|Ganymede}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|cup-bearer}}

{{C|en|Occupations}}