View source for carbuncle

==English==
{{wp|carbuncle (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Escarboucle.png|right|thumb|A heraldic carbuncle.]]

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|carbuncle}}, {{m|enm|charbocle}}, from {{der|en|fro|carbuncle}}, {{m|fro|charbuncle}}, from {{der|en|la|carbunculus||a small coal; a reddish kind of precious stone; a kind of tumor}}, diminutive of {{m|la|carbō||a coal, charcoal}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɑː.bʌŋ.kl̩/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-carbuncle.wav|a=US}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{senseid|en|Q12108659}} {{lb|en|archaic}} A deep-[[red]] or [[fiery]] colored [[garnet]] or other [[dark red]] [[precious stone]], especially when cut [[cabochon]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1602|author=w:William Shakespeare|title=w:Hamlet|section=act II, scene 2|line=401|passage=With eyes like '''carbuncles''', the hellish Pyrrhus {{...}}}}
#* {{RQ:KJV|Isaiah|54|12||And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of '''carbuncles''', and all thy borders of pleasant stones.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1634|author=[[w:Sir Thomas Herbert, 1st Baronet|Thomas Herbert]]|title=A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. Into Afrique and the Greater Asia, especially the Territories of the Persian Monarchie: And some Parts of the Orientall Indies, and Iles Adiacent. Of their Religion, Language, Habit, Discent, Ceremonies, and other Matters Concerning Them: Together with the Proceedings and Death of the Three Late Ambassadours: Sir D. C[otton] Sir R. S[herley] and the Persian Nogdi-Beg: As also the Two Great Monarchs, the King of Persia, and the Great Mogol|location=London|publisher={{w|William Stansby}} for Iacob Bloome|oclc=644078533|editor2=[[w:William Foster (historiographer)|William Foster]]|title2=Travels in Persia 1627–1629. Abridged and Edited by Sir William Foster {{upright|[...]}} with an Introduction and Notes {{upright|(Broadway Travellers)}}|location2=London|publisher2=[[w:Routledge|G. Routledge & Sons]]|year2=1928|oclc2=4900176|page2=79|passage=His turban, or mandil [''mandīl''], was of finest white silk interwoven with gold, bestudded with pearl[s] and '''carbuncles'''; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1936|author=Rollo Ahmed|title=The Black Art|publisher=Long|location=London|page=155|text=A piece of marigold or bay leaf was imbedded in the metal, and over it a '''carbuncle''' or chrysolite was placed.}}
## {{lb|en|heraldiccharge}} A [[charge]] or [[bearing]] supposed to represent the [[precious stone]], with eight [[sceptre]]s or [[stave#Noun|staves]] [[radiate|radiating]] from a common centre; an [[escarbuncle]].
# {{senseid|en|Q959922}} {{lb|en|pathology}} An [[abscess]] larger than a [[boil]], usually with one or more [[opening]]s [[drain#Verb|drain]]ing [[pus]] onto the [[skin]]. It is usually caused by [[staphylococcal]] [[infection]].
# An [[unpopular]] or [[ugly]] [[building]]; an [[eyesore]].

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|carbuncled}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|carbon}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|precious stone}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|гранат|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|karfunkel|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|karbonkel|m}}
* Erzya: {{t|myv|мазыкев}}
* French: {{t+|fr|carboucle|f}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|carbúnculo|m}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|ტოპაზი}}
*: Old Georgian: {{t|oge|ანთრაკი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Karfunkel|m}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἄνθραξ|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|נֹפֶךְ|m|tr=nófech}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|carrmhogal|m}}
* Latin: {{t|la|carbunculus|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|batu merah}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|carbuncle|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kapakara}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|carbuncle}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|karfunkel|m}}
* Old French: {{t|fro|carbuncle|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|karbunkuł|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|càrrmhogal|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|carbunclo|m}}, {{t+|es|carbúnculo|m}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|carbwncl|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|abscess}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|цирей|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|癰|tr=yōng}}
* Danish: {{t|da|brandbyld|c}}, {{t|da|byld|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|karbonkel|m}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|ajospahka}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|carbunco|m}}, {{t|gl|nacida|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Karbunkel|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|ψευδάνθρακας|m|sc=Grek}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἄνθραξ|m}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|carrmhogal|m}}, {{t|ga|carbuncal|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|癰|tr=[[よう]], yō|sc=Jpan}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|көршиқан}}
* Latin: {{t|la|carbunculus|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|bisul}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|pluccan mooar|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tāpoa}}, {{t|mi|maiao}}
* Mi'kmaq: {{t|mic|glmuej|an}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|carbuncle}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|angset}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|karbunkuł|m}}
* Romanian: {{t|ro|carbuncul|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|карбункул|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|neasgaid|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|böld|c}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|carbwncl|m}}, {{t|cy|cornwyd|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
* {{l|en|ruby}}

===References===
* {{R:Lexico}}
* {{R:MWO}}

==Middle English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|enm|carboncle|carbuncul|charbocle|charbokel|charbouncle|charbucle|charbukel|charbuncle|charbunkel}}

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|enm|fro|carbuncle}}, {{m|fro|charbuncle}}, itself borrowed from {{der|enm|la|carbunculus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|enm|/ˈkarbunkəl/|/ˈkarbukəl/|/ˈt͡ʃ-/}}

===Noun===
{{enm-noun}}

# A {{l|en|carbuncle}} {{gloss|garnet or other precious stone}}
#* '''14th c.''' {{w|Geoffrey Chaucer}}, ''{{w|The Canterbury Tales}}''. The Tale of Sir Thopas: 179-81.
#*: {{quote|enm|His sheeld was al of gold so reed,<br>And ther-inne was a bores heed,
|translation=A '''charbocle''' bisyde;}}
# [[material|Material]] [[similar]] to {{l|en|carbuncle}}.
# {{lb|enm|pathology}} A {{l|en|carbuncle}}; a [[large]] [[abscess]].

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|carbuncle}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=carbuncle|pos=n|id=MED6764}}

{{C|enm|Gems}}

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|fro|charbuncle}}

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|fro|la|carbunculus}}.

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|carbuncle}} (deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone)

====Descendants====
* {{desc|enm|carbuncle|bor=1}}