View source for auf

{{also|auf-}}
==Translingual==

===Symbol===
{{mul-symbol}}

# {{ISO 639|5|Arawan languages}}

==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|awf|oaf|ouph|ouphe|oph}}

===Etymology===
Apparently of {{der|en|gmq|-}} origin, compare {{cog|da|alf}}, {{cog|sv|alf}}, {{m|sv|alv}}, {{der|en|non|alfr|t=elf}}. {{doublet|en|alf|elf|oaf}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɔːf/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-auf.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔːf|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete}} A [[changeling]] or [[elf]] [[child]]; a child left by [[fairy|fairies]].
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} A [[deformed]] or [[foolish]] child; a [[simpleton]]; an [[oaf]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1605|author=w:Michael Drayton|chapter=Battaile of Agincourt|title=Poems Lyric and Pastoral
|passage=Say that the Fayrie left this '''Aulfe''', <br>And tooke away the other.}}

===References===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=afu|AFU|UAF|UFA|Ufa}}

==German==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|de|auff||obsolete}}
* {{alter|de|uf|uff}} {{qualifier|obsolete or dialectal}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|de|gmh|ūf}}, from {{inh|de|goh|ūf}}, from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*upp}}. This form with a lengthened vowel is originally [[Upper German]]. [[Central German]] forms were {{cog|gmh|uf}} and (western) {{m|gmh|up}}. Compare {{cog|lb|op}}, {{cog|nl|op}}, {{cog|en|up}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/aʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auf.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-auf2.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|de|aʊ̯f|s=1}}

===Preposition===
{{de-prep}} {{+obj|de|dat<qq:indicating location>/acc<qq:indicating movement>}}

# {{+obj|de|dat}} [[on]], [[upon]] {{gloss|positioned at the top of}}
#: {{uxi|de|Das Buch liegt '''auf''' dem Tisch.|The book is lying '''on''' the table.}}
# {{+obj|de|acc}} [[on]], [[onto]], [[up]] {{gloss|moving to the top of}}
#: {{uxi|de|Ich lege das Buch '''auf''' den Tisch.|I’m putting the book '''on''' the table.}}
# {{+obj|de|acc}} [[on]] {{gloss|indicating responsibility}}
#: {{uxi|de|Das erste Getränk geht '''aufs''' Haus.|The first drink is '''on''' the house.}}
#: {{ux|de|Das fällt nicht '''auf''' dich zurück, sondern '''auf''' mich. Ich hab's vermasselt.|That's not '''on''' you but '''on''' me. I messed up.}}
# {{+obj|de|dat}} [[in]], [[at]]; {{n-g|used with certain nouns instead of {{m|de|bei}} or {{m|de|in}}}}
#: {{uxi|de|Niemand '''auf''' der Welt  hätte das voraussehen können.|No one '''in''' the world could have predicted that.}}
#: {{uxi|de|'''auf''' dem Stadtplatz|'''in''' the town square}}
#: {{uxi|de|Das Schiff ist '''auf''' See|The ship is '''at''' sea.}}
#: {{uxi|de|'''auf''' der Kirmes|'''at''' the fun fair|inline=1}}
#: {{uxi|de|'''auf''' der Post|'''at''' the post office (''also:'' bei der Post)|inline=1}}
# {{+obj|de|acc}} [[to]]; {{n-g|used with certain nouns instead of {{m|de|zu}} or {{m|de|in}}}}
#: {{uxi|de|'''auf''' die Kirmes|'''to''' the fun fair|inline=1}}
#: {{uxi|de|'''auf''' die Post|'''to''' the post office (''also:'' zur Post)|inline=1}}
# {{lb|de|with a language name}} [[in]] (see usage note below)
#: {{uxi|de|Was heißt das '''auf''' Deutsch?|What’s this '''in''' German?}}
# {{lb|de|linguistics}} [[in]] {{gloss|of a word: ending with some sound or syllable}}
#: {{uxi|de|Wörter '''auf''' ''-heit'' sind weiblich.|Words '''in''' {{m|de|-heit}} are feminine.}}
# {{lb|de|archaic|or|colloquial|regional|northern and western Germany}} [[on]] (a day; usually of the week)
#: {{syn|de|an}}
#: {{ux|de|Du kannst doch '''auf''' (’n) Sonntag nich’ den Rasen mähen!|You can’t mow the lawn '''on''' a Sunday!}}
# {{+obj|de|acc}} [[for]] {{gloss|during the continuation of}}
#: {{uxi|de|'''auf''' Jahre hinaus|'''for''' years to come}}
# {{+obj|de|acc}} [[to]], [[for]] {{gloss|indicating purpose, goal or wish}}
#: {{uxi|de|Lasst uns '''auf''' deine Gesundheit drinken!|Let's drink '''to''' your health!}}
#: {{uxi|de|Sie spielen '''auf''' Zeit.|They are playing '''for''' time.}}
# {{+obj|de|acc}} [[by]] {{gloss|used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something}}
#: {{syn|de|mal}}
#: {{coi|de|X '''auf''' Y Meter groß|X '''by''' Y meters large}}
#* {{quote-book|de
|url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=Pvm_6hTHuewC&pg=PA19&dq=%224+auf+6+meter%22
|title=Sternstunden der Architektur: von den Pyramiden bis zum Turmbau von Dubai
|author=Ursula Muscheler
|publisher=C.H.Beck
|series=Beck'sche Reihe
|isbn=9783406592157
|oclc=406142726
|year=2009
|page=19
|passage=Im Inneren befindet sich eine 4 '''auf''' 6 Meter große und 5 Meter hohe Grabkamme . Vor der Pyramide standen vier Säulen , die vermutlich Bronzestatuen des Cestius trugen.
|t=
}}

====Usage notes====
* {{m|de||Auf}} is a {{m|de|Wechselpräposition}}, meaning that it is used with accusative case when the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case when the verb shows location. In idiomatic combinations with verbs the correct case is not always predictable and must be memorised.
* Generally speaking, {{m|de||auf}} is used when referring to something being on a horizontal surface, as opposed to {{m|de|an}}, which usually points to a vertical surface.
* {{m|de||Auf}} is used with language names not preceded by any determiners or adjectives; otherwise {{m|de|in}} is used. Thus you say something {{m|de||auf Englisch|t=in English}}, but {{m|de||in gutem Englisch|t=in good English}}. The phrase {{m|de||auf gutem Englisch}} may not be entirely ungrammatical, but it is doubtful and at most informally acceptable.

====Derived terms====
* ('''''auf''' + das'') {{l|de|aufs}} {{q|standard}}
* ('''''auf''' + dem'') {{l|de|aufm}} {{q|colloquial only}}

===Adjective===
{{de-adj|indecl.predonly}}

# {{lb|de|somewhat|informal}} [[open]]
#: {{syn|de|offen}}
#: {{ant|de|zu|geschlossen}}
#: {{uxi|de|Die Tür ist '''auf'''.|The door is '''open'''.}}

====Declension====
{{de-adecl|indecl.predonly}}

===Adverb===
{{de-adv}}

# {{lb|de|colloquial}} [[finished]]; [[gone]] {{gloss|food}}
#: {{syn|de|alle}}
#: {{uxi|de|Hast du deine Suppe '''auf'''?|Have you '''finished''' your soup?}}
#: {{uxi|de|Die Milch is’ '''auf'''.|The milk is '''gone'''. (consumed)}}
# {{lb|de|colloquial}} [[up]]; [[awake]]; out of [[bed]]
#: {{syn|de|aufgestanden|wach}}
#: {{uxi|de|Ich war um sechs Uhr '''auf'''.|I was '''up''' at six o'clock.}}

====Usage notes====
* Compare to the latter example the phrase: ''Die Milch ist'' {{m|de|aus}}, which would mean that all the milk has been sold out, e.g. from a supermarket.

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|open}} {{l|de|offen}}, {{l|de|geöffnet}}

===Interjection===
{{head|de|interjection}}

# [[carry on]] {{gloss|continue or proceed as before}}
# [[have a go]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:DWDS}}
* {{R:Kluge 1891}}