Hatay is a province in the southeastern part of Mediterranean Turkey, bordering Syria.

Cities

The Crusader-era Bakras Castle, standing in isolation on the Amanos Mountains between Antakya and İskenderun

• 1 Antakya, also known as Antioch — the provincial capital is a riverside city with a great Mosaic Museum and is the hub for early Christian sites in the surrounding countryside
• 2 Iskenderun, also known as Alexandretta — the largest city of the province is a major Mediterranean port, with a pleasant palm-lined waterfront

Understand

Hatay is the only piece of land annexed by Turkey after its modern boundaries were defined in the Lausanne and Ankara Treaties of 1923 and 1926, respectively. From 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire following World War I, the province came under French administration as part of the French Mandate of Syria and was then known as the Sandjak (county) of Alexandretta. However, a significant ethnic Turkish population remained. In 1938 the French relinquished control under Turkish pressure, and the area appeared on the maps as the independent State of Hatay, a name coined after the ancient Hittites by Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, to associate the area better with the Anatolian heartland — the Hittites had ruled the area for a long time, and the official stance of that time was that the new republic was the final form and the natural successor of a sequence of states founded in Anatolia, the Hittite Empire included. Following a plebiscite held the next year, it joined Turkey as Hatay Province. Since this happened before the Syrian independence in 1946, the Syrian government had no say in it and has refused to recognize this move to this day; the officially-sanctioned maps published in Syria continue to show Hatay as part of that country, often with dashed lines over the actual border implying some sort of "special administration". There's a tragicomic local anecdote about how back in the day two Western hippies travelling in Syria didn't put serious thought into what those dashed lines might represent and ended up in Turkish custody on illegal border crossing charges. (The border is far harder to go unintentionally unnoticed nowadays, with fences and all.)

It's easy to point out Hatay on maps, even those zoomed out to show entire continents: due to its political history, Hatay is where the southern border of Turkey, which otherwise is roughly a line in an east-west direction, extends significantly southwards. On the very northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, where the northern coast curves into the Middle Eastern shores stretching south (traditionally known as the Levant), it's possible to find long and sandy beaches popular with the locals, although the time-honoured centre, Antakya/Antioch, is inland.

Hatay takes pride in its multiculturalism: the native population is roughly divided in half between ethnic Turks and Arabs, the latter of whom in turn are divided into three main faith groups: Sunni Muslims, Alawites, and Eastern Orthodox. The province is also home to Turkey's only remaining rural Armenian community (also one of the few anywhere outside Armenia), as well as a handful of Assyrians (Syriac Orthodox & Catholic) and Maronite Catholics (of Lebanese descent). Refugees from the ongoing Syrian Civil War are numbering up to a third of the native population. Therefore the local culture, cuisine in particular, forms a continuum between the rest of Turkey and the Middle East proper. There is also some architectural legacy from the French, particularly in Antakya.

Talk

Turkish is the dominant language throughout the province; locals often speak it with an accent. The Syrian dialect of Arabic is the native tongue for many, especially in the south.

Get in

By air

Domestic flights are available to Hatay Airport between Antakya and İskenderun, about 25 km north of the former and 45 km southeast of the latter. The nearest international airport is in Adana to the north.

By train

The only significant station within the province is in Iskenderun, which welcomes trains three times daily (morning, around noon, and evening) from Mersin via Tarsus and Adana.

By car

The main road connecting the province to the rest of Turkey is the toll motorway O-53. There are also secondary highways, some of which eventually reach the border posts on the Turkish-Syrian border.

By boat

The port of İskenderun has a fast ferry service from Northern Cyprus. The ferry links with Israel and Egypt are geared towards trucks bypassing the conflicts in the Middle East.

Eat

The local treat best known in the rest of the country is künefe. This is the Hatay version of knafeh, a Middle Eastern dessert made of shredded pastry with a layer of cheese inside. Enjoy while still hot, when the cheese is melted into the rest of the ingredients.

Connect

The telephone code of the province is 326, which should be prefixed with 0 when calling from elsewhere in Turkey, or with +90 when calling from abroad.

Go next

With two border posts (with roads leading to either Aleppo or Latakia), Hatay is usually a jump-off for trips into Syria to the south and east (or was, before the civil war there began). The neighbouring Turkish regions of the Cilician Plains to the northwest and Southeastern Anatolia to the northeast share many cultural traits with Hatay.