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Republic of India
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana"[2][3]
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[4][2]
National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]
Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
Area controlled by India shown in dark green;
regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green
CapitalNew Delhi
28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E / 28.61389°N 77.20833°E / 28.61389; 77.20833
Largest city
Official languages
Recognised regional languages
National languageNone[9][10][11]
Religion
See Religion in India
Demonym(s)Indian
MembershipUN, WTO, BRICS, SAARC, SCO, G8+5, G20, Commonwealth of Nations
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Ram Nath Kovind
Venkaiah Naidu
Narendra Modi
Sharad Arvind Bobde
Om Birla
LegislatureParliament
Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
Independence 
• Dominion
15 August 1947
• Republic
26 January 1950
Area
• Total
3,287,263[6] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[c] (7th)
• Water (%)
9.6
Population
• 2021 estimate
Increase1,407,563,842[13][14] (2nd)
• 2011 census
1,210,854,977[15][16] (2nd)
• Density
427.6/km2 (1,107.5/sq mi) (31st)
GDP (PPP)2019 estimate
• Total
Increase $11.326 trillion[17] (3rd)
• Per capita
Increase $8,378[17] (119th)
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
Increase $2.936 trillion[17] (5th)
• Per capita
Increase $2,172[17] (142nd)
Gini (2013)33.9[18]
medium inequality (79th)
HDI (2018)Increase 0.647[19]
medium (129th)
CurrencyIndian rupee (U+20B9 INDIAN RUPEE SIGN) (INR)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
DST is not observed
Date format
  • dd-mm-yyyy
  • yyyy-mm-dd[d]
Drives onleft
Calling code+91
ISO 3166 codeIN
Internet TLD.in (others)
  1. ^ a b c National Informatics Centre 2005.
  2. ^ a b c "National Symbols | National Portal of India". India.gov.in. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017. The National Anthem of India Jana Gana Mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
  3. ^ "National anthem of India: a brief on 'Jana Gana Mana'". News18. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
  4. ^ Wolpert 2003, p. 1.
  5. ^ Ministry of Home Affairs 1960.
  6. ^ a b "Profile | National Portal of India". India.gov.in. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  7. ^ "Constitutional Provisions – Official Language Related Part-17 of the Constitution of India". National Informatics Centre (in Hindi). Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  8. ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Times News Network was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference NoneNtl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Press Trust of India was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Census2011religion was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  14. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Population Enumeration Data (Final Population)". 2011 Census Data. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  16. ^ "A – 2 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901" (PDF). 2011 Census Data. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  17. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Income Gini coefficient". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  19. ^ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.


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