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A majority of artists within the neofolk genre focus on archaic, cultural and literary references. Local traditions and indigenous beliefs tend to be portrayed heavily as well as esoteric and historical topics.<ref name=NeumanBraun/>
A majority of artists within the neofolk genre focus on archaic, cultural and literary references. Local traditions and indigenous beliefs tend to be portrayed heavily as well as esoteric and historical topics.<ref name=NeumanBraun/>


Various forms of [[neopaganism]] and [[occultism]] play a part in the themes touched upon by many modern and original neofolk artists. [[Runic alphabet]]s, heathen European sites and other means of expressing an interest in the ancient and ancestral occurs often in neofolk music. Aesthetically, references to this subject occur within band names, album artwork, clothing and various other means of artistic expression. This has led to some forefathers of the genre and current artists within the genre attributing it to being an aspect of a broader neopagan revival.<ref name=DOUGLASREV>"I'm very happy about that because I see Death In June as part of a European cultural revival. I'm pleased that the Old Gods are being resurrected, for want of a better word. Old symbols. I feel very pleased that I am a part of that process and that I have had influence. At this stage in the game, so to speak, it's not false modesty to say that I am content with my influence." Powell, Erin. [http://www.deathinjune.org/modules/mediawiki/index.php/Interview:2005-Heathen_Harvest Interview with Douglas Pearce], 2005.</ref>
Various forms of [[neopaganism]] and [[occultism]] play a part in the themes touched upon by many modern and original neofolk artists. [[Runic alphabet]]s, heathen European sites and other means of expressing an interest in the ancient and ancestral occurs often in neofolk music. Aesthetically, references to this subject occur within band names, album artwork, clothing and various other means of artistic expression. This has led to some forefathers of the genre and current artists within the genre attributing it to being an aspect of a broader neopagan revival.<ref name=DOUGLASREV>"I'm very happy about that because I see Death In June as part of a European cultural revival. I'm pleased that the Old Gods are being resurrected, for want of a better word. Old symbols. I feel very pleased that I am a part of that process and that I have had influence. At this stage in the game, so to speak, it's not false modesty to say that I am content with my influence." Powell, Erin. [http://www.deathinjune.org/modules/mediawiki/index.php/Interview:2005-Heathen_Harvest Interview with Douglas Pearce] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018080254/http://deathinjune.org/modules/mediawiki/index.php/Interview%3A2005-Heathen_Harvest |date=2007-10-18 }}, 2005.</ref>


==Related terms and styles==
==Related terms and styles==
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*[[Andrea Haugen]]<ref name=NeumanBraun/>
*[[Andrea Haugen]]<ref name=NeumanBraun/>
*[[Angels of Light]]
*[[Angels of Light]]
*[[Ataraxia (band)|Ataraxia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fluxeuropa.com/review.htm?item=73|publisher=FluxEuropa|title=Ataraxia}}</ref>
*[[Ataraxia (band)|Ataraxia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fluxeuropa.com/review.htm?item=73|publisher=FluxEuropa|title=Ataraxia|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210223831/http://fluxeuropa.com/review.htm?item=73|archivedate=2009-02-10|df=}}</ref>
*[[AURORA]]
*[[AURORA]]
*[[Blood Axis]]
*[[Blood Axis]]
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*[[Emily Jane White]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Cataldo|first=Jesse|title=Emily Jane White Dark Undercoat|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/emily-jane-white-dark-undercoat/1715|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref>
*[[Emily Jane White]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Cataldo|first=Jesse|title=Emily Jane White Dark Undercoat|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/emily-jane-white-dark-undercoat/1715|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref>
*[[Empyrium]]
*[[Empyrium]]
*[[Faun (band)|Faun]]<ref name=schurmann>{{cite web|url=http://www.blauenarzisse.de/v3/index.php/rezension/38-neofolk--mehr-als-nur-eine-musikrichtung|title=Neofolk – mehr als nur eine Musikrichtung|language=German|first=Martin|last=Schurmann|date=April 1, 2006}}</ref>
*[[Faun (band)|Faun]]<ref name=schurmann>{{cite web|url=http://www.blauenarzisse.de/v3/index.php/rezension/38-neofolk--mehr-als-nur-eine-musikrichtung|title=Neofolk – mehr als nur eine Musikrichtung|language=German|first=Martin|last=Schurmann|date=April 1, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119010614/http://www.blauenarzisse.de/v3/index.php/rezension/38-neofolk--mehr-als-nur-eine-musikrichtung|archivedate=January 19, 2010|df=}}</ref>
*[[Fejd]]
*[[Fejd]]
*[[Fire + Ice]]
*[[Fire + Ice]]
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*[[Love Is Colder Than Death (band)|Love Is Colder Than Death]]
*[[Love Is Colder Than Death (band)|Love Is Colder Than Death]]
*[[Mizar (band)|Mizar]]
*[[Mizar (band)|Mizar]]
*[[The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fluxeuropa.com/mn0006-tmlhbac.htm|publisher=FluxEuropa|title=The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud}}</ref>
*[[The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fluxeuropa.com/mn0006-tmlhbac.htm|publisher=FluxEuropa|title=The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209021826/http://www.fluxeuropa.com/mn0006-tmlhbac.htm|archivedate=2009-12-09|df=}}</ref>
*[[Murzik]]
*[[Murzik]]
*[[Naervaer]]
*[[Naervaer]]
*[[Naevus (band)|Naevus]]
*[[Naevus (band)|Naevus]]
*[[Nature and Organisation]]
*[[Nature and Organisation]]
*[[Nest (band)|Nest]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=277&letter=N|title=Nest|publisher=Darktronica}}</ref>
*[[Nest (band)|Nest]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=277&letter=N|title=Nest|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092649/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=277&letter=N|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}}</ref>
*[[Neun Welten]]
*[[Neun Welten]]
*[[Nic Nassuet]]<ref>{{cite web | access-date=March 22, 2016 | url=http://guardianlv.com/2015/06/nic-nassuet-brings-goth-sensibility-to-folk-review/ | title=Nic Nassuet Brings Goth Sensibility to Folk [Review] | date=June 10, 2015 | last=Klamt | first=Layla | website=Guardian Liberty Voice}}</ref>
*[[Nic Nassuet]]<ref>{{cite web | access-date=March 22, 2016 | url=http://guardianlv.com/2015/06/nic-nassuet-brings-goth-sensibility-to-folk-review/ | title=Nic Nassuet Brings Goth Sensibility to Folk [Review] | date=June 10, 2015 | last=Klamt | first=Layla | website=Guardian Liberty Voice}}</ref>
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*[[Omnia (band)|Omnia]]
*[[Omnia (band)|Omnia]]
*[[Oniric]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northern-gothics.de/prod_joomla/index.php/rezensionen/848-oniric-cabaret-syndrome|title=Oniric Cabaret Syndrome|publisher=Northern Gothics}}</ref>
*[[Oniric]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northern-gothics.de/prod_joomla/index.php/rezensionen/848-oniric-cabaret-syndrome|title=Oniric Cabaret Syndrome|publisher=Northern Gothics}}</ref>
*[[Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=308&letter=O|title=Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio|publisher=Darktronica}}</ref>
*[[Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=308&letter=O|title=Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201004225/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=308&letter=O|archivedate=2008-12-01|df=}}</ref>
*[[Orplid]]<ref name=schurmann/>
*[[Orplid]]<ref name=schurmann/>
*[[Ostara (band)|Ostara]]
*[[Ostara (band)|Ostara]]
*[[Rome (band)|Rome]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=322|title=Rome|publisher=Darktronica}}</ref>
*[[Rome (band)|Rome]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=322|title=Rome|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092804/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=322|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}}</ref>
*[[Rose McDowall|Sorrow]]<ref name=NeumanBraun/>
*[[Rose McDowall|Sorrow]]<ref name=NeumanBraun/>
*[[Sharon Knight]]<ref>Interview in witches & pagans, Issue 26, April 2013, published by BBI Media, Forest Grove, OR (ISSN 1546-2838)</ref>
*[[Sharon Knight]]<ref>Interview in witches & pagans, Issue 26, April 2013, published by BBI Media, Forest Grove, OR (ISSN 1546-2838)</ref>
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*[[Sopor Æternus & the Ensemble of Shadows]]
*[[Sopor Æternus & the Ensemble of Shadows]]
*[[Sturmpercht]]
*[[Sturmpercht]]
*[[Spiritual Front]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=357&letter=S|title=Spiritual Front|publisher=Darktronica}}</ref>
*[[Spiritual Front]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=357&letter=S|title=Spiritual Front|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092823/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=357&letter=S|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}}</ref>
*[[Sturle Dagsland]]
*[[Sturle Dagsland]]
*[[Swans (band)|Swans]]
*[[Swans (band)|Swans]]
*[[Tenhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=276&letter=T|title=Tenhi|publisher=Darktronica}}</ref>
*[[Tenhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=276&letter=T|title=Tenhi|publisher=Darktronica|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092843/http://www.darktronica.com/index.php?band=276&letter=T|archivedate=2011-10-03|df=}}</ref>
*[[Third Eye Foundation]]
*[[Third Eye Foundation]]
*[[Unto Ashes]]
*[[Unto Ashes]]

Revision as of 00:06, 16 February 2018

Neofolk
Other names
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins1980s, England
Derivative formsMartial industrial

(complete list)
Other topics

Neofolk, also known as post-industrial or apocalyptic folk, is a form of experimental music blending elements of folk and industrial music, which emerged in punk rock circles in the 1980s.[1] Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumentation with various other sounds.[2]

History

Sol Invictus in live concert

The term "neofolk" originates from esoteric music circles who started using the term in the late 20th century to describe music influenced by musicians such as Douglas Pearce (Death In June), Tony Wakeford (Sol Invictus) and David Tibet (Current 93).[2][citation needed]

Anglo-American folk music with similar sounds and themes to neofolk existed as far back as the 1960s.[2] Folk musicians such as Vulcan's Hammer, Leonard Cohen, and Comus could be considered harbingers of the sound that later influenced the neofolk artists. Also the later explorations of Velvet Underground's band members, specifically those of Lou Reed, have been called a major influence to what later became neofolk.[1]

Culture

A majority of artists within the neofolk genre focus on archaic, cultural and literary references. Local traditions and indigenous beliefs tend to be portrayed heavily as well as esoteric and historical topics.[2]

Various forms of neopaganism and occultism play a part in the themes touched upon by many modern and original neofolk artists. Runic alphabets, heathen European sites and other means of expressing an interest in the ancient and ancestral occurs often in neofolk music. Aesthetically, references to this subject occur within band names, album artwork, clothing and various other means of artistic expression. This has led to some forefathers of the genre and current artists within the genre attributing it to being an aspect of a broader neopagan revival.[3]

Apocalyptic folk

As a descriptor, apocalyptic folk predates neofolk and was used by David Tibet to describe the music of his band Current 93 during a period in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[4] Initially, Tibet did not intend to imply connection with the folk music genre; rather, that Current 93 was made by "apocalyptic folk[s]": in other words, apocalyptic people.[5] Tibet and Current 93 did dabble in covers of traditional English folk song and Tibet himself was a great advocate for reclusive English folk singer Shirley Collins.

Folk noir

Other vague terms sometimes used to describe artists of this genre include "dark folk" and "pagan folk". These terms are umbrella terms that also describe various other forms of unrelated music.[1]

Martial industrial

Main article: Martial industrial

Martial industrial or military pop is a genre that shares a lot in common with neofolk and developed very close to it.[6]

Notable artists

References

  1. ^ a b Webb, Peter (2007). "Neo-Folk or Postindustrial Music". Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 9780415956581. One milieu to develop out of Punk was the scene that later became known as either apocalyptic folk, postindustrial, or later neo-folk.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Neumann-Braun, Klaus; Schmidt, Axel (2008). Die Welt der Gothics: Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz [The World of the Goths: Scopes of a darkly-connoted Transcendence] (in German) (2nd ed.). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 280. ISBN 3-531-15880-5.
  3. ^ "I'm very happy about that because I see Death In June as part of a European cultural revival. I'm pleased that the Old Gods are being resurrected, for want of a better word. Old symbols. I feel very pleased that I am a part of that process and that I have had influence. At this stage in the game, so to speak, it's not false modesty to say that I am content with my influence." Powell, Erin. Interview with Douglas Pearce Archived 2007-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, 2005.
  4. ^ Rehill, Anne (2009). The Apocalypse Is Everywhere: A Popular History of America's Favorite Nightmare. Greenwood Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 0-313-35438-3.
  5. ^ "The Apocalyptic Visions of Current 93"
  6. ^ Brill, Dunja. "Transgression ohne Queer – die Inszenierung martialischer Männlichkeit als 'Anti-Drag' in der Industrial- und Extreme Metal-Szene [Transgression without 'Queer' – the Staging of martial Masculinity as being 'Anti-Drag' in the Industrial and Extreme Metal Scene]". In Nagelschmidt, Ilse; Wojke, Kristin; Borrego, Britta (eds.). Interdisziplinäres Kolloquium zur Geschlechterforschung: Die Beiträge [Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Gender Research: the Contributions] (in German). Peter Lang. p. 133.
  7. ^ "Ataraxia". FluxEuropa. Archived from the original on 2009-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Powell, Erin (April 9, 2005). "Interview with Douglas Pearce". Death in June.
  9. ^ Cataldo, Jesse. "Emily Jane White Dark Undercoat". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  10. ^ a b Schurmann, Martin (April 1, 2006). "Neofolk – mehr als nur eine Musikrichtung" (in German). Archived from the original on January 19, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Interviews:Harvest Rain". Heathen Harvest.
  12. ^ "The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud". FluxEuropa. Archived from the original on 2009-12-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Nest". Darktronica. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Klamt, Layla (June 10, 2015). "Nic Nassuet Brings Goth Sensibility to Folk [Review]". Guardian Liberty Voice. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
  15. ^ "Of the Wand & the Moon". The Metal Archives.
  16. ^ "Oniric Cabaret Syndrome". Northern Gothics.
  17. ^ "Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio". Darktronica. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Rome". Darktronica. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Interview in witches & pagans, Issue 26, April 2013, published by BBI Media, Forest Grove, OR (ISSN 1546-2838)
  20. ^ "Sol Invictus - The Devil's Steed". Heathen Harvest. June 3, 2005.
  21. ^ "Sonne Hagal Interview". Heathen Harvest. January 23, 2006.
  22. ^ "Spiritual Front". Darktronica. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Tenhi". Darktronica. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Further reading

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