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Most of these toilets are a type of [[pit latrine]], mostly the twin pit pour flush type.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}
Most of these toilets are a type of [[pit latrine]], mostly the twin pit pour flush type.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

Hundreds of thousands of Indian people are still employed as [[Manual scavenging|manual scavengers]] in emptying buckets and pit latrines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/the-humiliation-continues/article1-1368562.aspx|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should aim to stamp out manual scavenging}}</ref><ref name="Umesh IsalkarUmesh Isalkar 2013">{{cite web |last=Umesh IsalkarUmesh Isalkar|first=TNN|title=Census raises stink over manual scavenging|website=The Times of India|date=30 April 2013|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Census-raises-stink-over-manual-scavenging/articleshow/19794299.cms|accessdate=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manual-scavenging-still-a-reality-socioeconomic-caste-census/article7400578.ece|title=Manual scavenging still a reality|date=9 July 2015|accessdate=9 September 2015|publisher=The Hindu}}</ref>


==Finance==
==Finance==

Revision as of 11:00, 10 April 2017

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBA)
File:Swachh Bharat Abhiyan logo.jpg
India + Cleanliness
Sloganएक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर One step towards cleanliness
CountryIndia
Prime Minister(s)Narendra Modi
Launched2 October 2014; 10 years ago (2014-10-02)
Raj Ghat and associated memorials New Delhi
Websiteswachhbharat.mygov.in
Status: Active

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (English: Clean India Movement) is a campaign by the Government of India to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country's 4,041 statutory cities and towns.[1][2][3]

The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is India's largest ever cleanliness drive with 3 million government employees, and especially school and college students from all parts of India, participating in the campaign. The objectives of Swachh Bharat are to reduce or eliminate open defecation through construction of individual, cluster and community toilets. The Swachh Bharat mission will also make an initiative of establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring latrine use.

Background

Officially starting as of 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural Sanitation Programme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) which was later (on 1 April 2012) renamed Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.[4][5] Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was restructured by Cabinet approval on 24 September 2014 as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.[6]

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched on 2nd October 2014, and aims to eradicate open defecation by 2019,[7][5] Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a national campaign, covering 4,041 statutory cities and towns.[8]

Toilets in rural areas

Further information: Sanitation

The government is aiming to achieve an Open-Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 12 million toilets in rural India, at a projected cost of ₹1.96 lakh crore (US$23 billion).[9][10] Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke of the need for toilets in his 2014 Independence Day speech stating:

Has it ever pained us that our mothers and sisters have to defecate in open? Poor womenfolk of the village wait for the night; until darkness descends, they can`t go out to defecate. What bodily torture they must be feeling, how many diseases that act might engender. Can't we just make arrangements for toilets for the dignity of our mothers and sisters?

Modi also spoke of the need for toilets in schools during the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir state elections campaign stating:

When the girl student reaches the age where she realises this lack of female toilets in the school she leaves her education midway. As they leave their education midway they remain uneducated. Our daughters must also get equal chance to quality education. After 60 years of independence there should have been separate toilets for girl students in every school. But for the past 60 years they could not provide separate toilets to girls and as result the female students had to leave their education midway.[11]

— Narendra Modi

As of May 2015, 14 companies including Tata Consulting Services, Mahindra Group and Rotary International have pledged to construct 3,195 new toilets. As of the same month, 71 public sector undertakings in India supported the construction of 86,781 new toilets.[12]

Most of these toilets are a type of pit latrine, mostly the twin pit pour flush type.[citation needed]

Hundreds of thousands of Indian people are still employed as manual scavengers in emptying buckets and pit latrines.[13][14][15]

Finance

BSE contributes ₹1.01 crore (US$120,000) to Swachh Bharat Kosh.

The programme has also received funds and technical support from the World Bank, corporations as part of corporate social responsibility initiatives, and by state governments under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan schemes.[10] Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is expected to cost over ₹620 billion (US$7.4 billion).[3][16] The government provides an incentive of ₹15,000 (US$180) for each toilet constructed by a BPL family.[9] Total fund mobilised under Swachh Bharat Kosh (SBK) as of 31 January 2016 stood at ₹3.69 billion (US$44 million).[17] An amount of ₹90 billion (US$1.1 billion) was allocated for the mission in the 2016 Union budget of India.[8]

Government and the World Bank signed a US$1.5 billion loan agreement on 30 March 2016 for the Swachh Bharat Mission to support India's universal sanitation initiative. The World Bank will also provide a parallel $25 million in technical assistance to build the capacity of select states in implementing community-led behavioural change programmes targeting social norms to help ensure widespread usage of toilets by rural households.[7]

Ambassadors

Manisha Koirala at Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in November 2014
Cyclist on nationwide yatra to generate awareness about Swachhta Abhiyan, calls on Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Selected public figures

Modi selected 11 public figures to propagate this campaign.[18][19] They are:

  • {Pankaj Sindhwani}

Urban Development Minister M. Venkaiah Naidu picked up a broom to help clean the cyclone-hit port city of Visakhapatnam in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, as part of the cleanliness campaign.[20][21]

Brand ambassadors

PM Modi participates in Shramdaan as part of Swachhta Abhiyan at Assi Ghat, Varanasi.

Venkaiah Naidu listed brand ambassadors in various fields:[22][23][when?][citation needed]

On 2 October 2014, Prime Minister Modi nominated nine people, including:

He also nominated a number of organisations, including the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Eenadu and India Today as well as the dabbawala of Mumbai, who deliver home-made food to lakhs of people in the city.[clarification needed]

On 8 November 2014, Modi carried the message to Uttar Pradesh and nominated another set of nine people for that state.[26][27]

Shilpa Shetthi added in this mission from February 2017

More than 3 million government employees and school and college students are to participate in the drive.[28][29]

Performance

A door-to-door garbage collection van in the city of Indore

Between April 2014 and January 2015, 3,183,000 toilets were built. Karnataka led all States in construction of toilets under the programme.[10] As of August 2015, 8 million toilets have been constructed under the program.[30] As of 27 October 2016, 56 districts in India were ODF.[9] In January 2017, Indore city as well as rural areas were announced open defecation free by the central government.[31][32]

Plans

The Ministry of Railways is planning to have the facility of cleaning on demand, clean bed-rolls from automatic laundries, bio-toilets, dustbins in all non-AC coaches.[33] The Centre may use its Digital India project in conjunction with the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to have solar-powered trash cans, such as those in many US cities, which send alerts to sanitation crew once they are full.[34]

The Government has appointed PWD with the responsibility to dispose off waste from Government offices.[35]

Other activities

Run

A Swachh Bharat Run was organized at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official home of the President of India, located Rajpath, New Delhi, on 2 October 2014. According to a statement from the Rashtrapati Bhavan around 1500 people participated and the event was flagged off by President Pranab Mukherjee. Participants in the run included officers[vague] and their families.[36]

Real-time monitoring

The government will be launching a nationwide real-time monitoring system for toilets constructed under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. For this the government of India is bringing awareness to the people through advertisements. With this system, the government aims to attain a fully open defecation free India by 2019.[38]

As of 30 November 2016, Total Sanitation Coverage throughout India has risen to 57.56% up from 42.02% in October 2, 2014, the day Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched.[39]

Updates from NGOs

With growing interest in the progress of the mission, both private companies[citation needed] as well as government started releasing progress reports. The Swachh Bharat app Tumblr feed[40] provides updates from individual groups, corporations and Twitter users in general about group cleaning events, the status of cleanliness across India, and opinions on the objectives of the Clean India mission.[original research?] A recent study by the Public Affairs Centre finds that participation of beneficiaries in their toilet construction ensures better usage.[41]

List of clean cities

The Government of India released a Cleanliness Ranking on 15 February 2016.[42][43] [44]

  1. Varanasi
  2. Mysore
  3. Chandigarh
  4. Tiruchirapalli
  5. New Delhi Municipal Council
  6. Visakhapatnam
  7. Surat
  8. Rajkot
  9. Gangtok
  10. Pimpri-Chinchwad
  11. Greater Mumbai
  12. Lucknow

Similar Campaigns

The Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign was launched by Smriti Irani, of the Minister of Human Resource Development, Government of India by participating in the cleanliness drive along with the school's teachers and students.[45][46]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Swachh Bharat campaign should become mass movement: Narendra Modi". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  2. ^ "PM reviews preparations for launch of Mission Swachh Bharat". Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Swachh Bharat: PM Narendra Modi launches 'Clean India' mission". Zee News. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  4. ^ "Time to clean up your act", Hindustan Times
  5. ^ a b "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan failed to achieve its desired targets: CAG jdjgjfi", Mint, 16 December 2015
  6. ^ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=109988
  7. ^ a b "India, World Bank sign $1.5 billion loan pact for Swachh Bharat Mission", The Economic Times, 30 March 2016
  8. ^ a b "Budget 2016: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan gets Rs 9,000 crore", The Economic Times, 29 February 2016
  9. ^ a b c "MDWS Intensifies Efforts with States to Implement Swachh Bharat Mission", Business Standard, 18 March 2016
  10. ^ a b c "Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan: Government builds 7.1 lakh toilets in January". timesofindia-economictimes.
  11. ^ "Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan: PM Modi govt builds 7.1 lakh toilets in January". Firstpost.
  12. ^ "Saffron Agenda for Green Capitalism? - Swarajya". Swarajya.
  13. ^ "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should aim to stamp out manual scavenging".
  14. ^ Umesh IsalkarUmesh Isalkar, TNN (30 April 2013). "Census raises stink over manual scavenging". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Manual scavenging still a reality". The Hindu. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  16. ^ "PM Modi's 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' set for mega launch Thursday; schools, offices gear up for event". Zee News.
  17. ^ "Modi government mobilises Rs 370 crore under Swachh Bharat Kosh", The Economic Times, 11 March 2016
  18. ^ "PM Modi's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Anil Ambani dedicates himself to the movement". 2 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  19. ^ "PM launches Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan". 2 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  20. ^ "Venkaiah Naidu picked up the broom to clean cyclone-hit port city of Visakhapatnam - indtoday.com - indtoday.com". indtoday.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014.
  21. ^ Naidu picked up the broom to clean cyclone-hit port city of Visakhapatnam
  22. ^ "18 Telugu icons named ambassadors for Swachh Bharat". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  23. ^ "18 Telugu People as Swachh Bharat Ambassadors | 9 people each in AP and Telangana as Swachh Bharat Ambassadors". Andhra Pradesh Political News, Telugu Cinema News - APToday. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  24. ^ a b admin. "swachh bharat brand ambassador List". Telangana State Portal - Latest News Updates.
  25. ^ "Lakshmi Manchu Is Telangana Swachh Bharat's Brand Ambassador" MovieNewz.in,Retrieved 04.09.2015
  26. ^ "PM India". Prime Minister's Office. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  27. ^ "Press Information Bureau". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  28. ^ "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: PM Narendra Modi to wield broom to give India a new image". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  29. ^ "Swachh Bharat campaign is beyond politics, PM Narendra Modi says". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  30. ^ "PM Modi fulfils promise of 80 lakh toilets, but not many takers in rural India".
  31. ^ "Indore city declared open defecation free: Mayor". Times of India. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  32. ^ "After rural areas, Indore city declared open defecation free". Indian Express. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  33. ^ "'Railway Budget Aligned to PM Modi's Vision for Digital India'", The New Indian Express, 5 March 2016
  34. ^ "When Swachh Bharat met Digital India: Now solar-powered trash cans to send alerts when full", The Economic Times, 18 March 2016
  35. ^ "Swachh Bharat: CPWD begins lifting 'zero-value goods' from government offices and buildings", The Economic Times, 17 May 2016
  36. ^ "Swachh Bharat Run organized at Rashtrapati Bhavan". The Times of India.
  37. ^ "Desi companies beat Facebook in 'Swachh' apps race". The Times of India.
  38. ^ "Swachh Bharat goes hi-tech, govt to track toilet use with iPads". The Hindu. 31 December 2014.
  39. ^ Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Report Stats, 18 November 2016
  40. ^ "Swachh Bharat App - News, Videos, Songs & Opinions on Clean India".
  41. ^ "PAC • Benchmarking Citizen Report Card On NBA/SBM". pacindia.org. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  42. ^ "Cleanliness ranking for 73 cities is out. Mysuru cleanest, Modi's Varanasi among dirtiest", India Today, 15 February 2016
  43. ^ "Chandigarh Declared Second Cleanest City of India in 2016 Swachh Bharat Survey", Chandigarh Metro
  44. ^ Nagaon topped 8th cleanest city in India
  45. ^ Swachch Bharat Swachch Vidhalaya
  46. ^ Swachh Bharat-Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign

Media related to Swachh Bharat Abhiyan at Wikimedia Commons

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