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{{underconstruction}}

{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
|succession= [[Holy Roman Empress]]; [[German Queen]];<br>[[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen consort of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian consorts|Bohemia]];<br>[[List of Austrian consorts|Archduchess consort of Austria]]
|succession= [[Holy Roman Empress]]; [[German Queen]];<br>[[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen consort of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian consorts|Bohemia]];<br>[[List of Austrian consorts|Archduchess consort of Austria]]
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'''Margaret Theresa of Spain''' (Spanish: '''Margarita Teresa''', German: '''Margarete Theresia'''; 12 July 1651 &ndash; 12 March 1673) was [[Holy Roman Empress]], [[German Queen]], Archduchess consort of Austria, [[Queen consort of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian consorts|Bohemia]]. She was the daughter of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] and his second wife [[Mariana of Austria]]. She was the elder sister of [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], the last of the [[Spanish Habsburg]]s. She is the central figure in the famous ''[[Las Meninas]]'' by [[Diego Velázquez]], and subject of many of his later paintings.
'''Margaret Maria Theresa of Spain''' (Spanish: '''Margarita María Teresa''', German: '''Margarete Maria Theresia'''; 12 July 1651 &ndash; 12 March 1673) was [[Holy Roman Empress]], [[German Queen]], Archduchess consort of Austria, [[Queen consort of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian consorts|Bohemia]]. She was the daughter of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] and his second wife [[Mariana of Austria]]. She was the elder sister of [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], the last of the [[Spanish Habsburg]]s. She is the central figure in the famous ''[[Las Meninas]]'' by [[Diego Velázquez]], and subject of many of his later paintings.


==Life==
==Life==

{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2013}}
===Early years===
⚫
[[File:Las Meninas, by Diego Velázquez, from Prado in Google Earth.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''[[Las Meninas]]'' (1656) by [[Diego Velázquez]], [[Prado Museum]], [[Madrid]].]]

Margaret Maria Theresa was born on 12 July 1651 in [[Madrid]] as the first child of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] born from his second marriage with his niece [[Mariana of Austria|Archduchess Mariana of Austria]]. Because of this [[avunculate marriage]], Margaret's mother was nearly thirty years younger than her father.<ref name="thepeerage">[http://thepeerage.com/p10307.htm#i103061 ''Margaret Teresa Habsburg'', Infanta de España in: Darryl Lundy - thepeerage.com] [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>

On her father's side, Margaret's grandparents were King [[Philip III of Spain]] and his wife [[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|Archduchess Margaret of Austria]]. On her mother's side her grandparents were [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]] and his wife [[Maria Anna of Spain|Infanta Maria Anna of Spain]].<ref name="thepeerage"/><ref>[http://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/philip-iv-marriage-and-offspring Martin Mutschlechner: ''Philip IV: marriage and offspring'' in: habsburger.net] [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>

The marriage of her parents was purely made for political reasons, mainly the search of a new male heir for the Spanish throne after the early death of [[Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias]] in 1646. Besides him, the other only surviving child of Philip IV's first marriage was the Infanta [[Maria Theresa of Spain|Maria Theresa]], who later became in the wife of King [[Louis XIV of France]]. After Margaret, between 1655 and 1661 four more children (a daughter and three sons) were born from the marriage between Philip IV and Mariana of Austria, but only one survive infancy, the future King [[Charles II of Spain]].<ref name="thepeerage"/><ref>[http://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/criticon/PDF/084-085/084-085_315.pdf Antonio Álvarez-Ossorio Alvariño: ''La sacralización de la dinastía en el pulpito de la Capilla Real en tiempos de Carlos II'', pp. 315–317] (in Spanish) [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>

Margaret didn't developed the serious health issues and disabilities (because the close [[consanguinity]] of her parents) that her younger brother showed since his birth. During her childhood once she was seriously ill, but survived.<ref>Olivan Santaliestra 2014, pp. 174–176.</ref> According to contemporaries, Margaret has an attractive appearance and lively character. Her parents and close friends called her the "little angel".<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=GM0qAQAAMAAJ&dq=Gladys+Taylor&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1h6DN5M_OAhWBWywKHQGEDzQQ6AEIUzAI Gladys Taylor: ''The Little Infanta. The Story of a Tragic Life''], Phoenix House 1960, p. 20.</ref> She grew up in the Queen's chambers in the [[Royal Alcazar of Madrid]] surrounded by many maids and servants. The Infanta loved candies, which she constantly hid from the physicians who care for the health of her teeth.<ref>Olivan Santaliestra 2014, p. 178.</ref> Margaret's father and maternal grandfather Emperor Ferdinand III love her deeply. In his private letters King Philip IV called her "my joy".<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=nW4TBAAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81&hl=ru&source=gbs_navlinks_s Museum of Art History], Moscow: Directmedia 2014, vol. XXVI, pp. 89–95 (The great museums of the world). ISBN 978-5-87-107267-7.</ref> At the same time, Margaret was brought up in accordance with the strict etiquette of the Madrid court, and received a good education.<ref>Olivan Santaliestra 2014, pp. 166, 176–183.</ref><ref>[http://vienadirecto.com/2012/10/27/la-ultima-emperatriz-espanola-margarita-teresa-en-el-hofburg/ Luis Tercero: ''La última emperatriz española: Margarita Teresa en el Hofburg'' in: vienadirecto.com] (in Spanish) [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>

===Marriage negociations===


For political reasons, Margaret Theresa was betrothed as a child to her maternal uncle and paternal cousin, [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Her father stipulated that she should maintain her position in the line of succession to the Spanish throne and would pass her succession rights to her descendants, something Leopold I gladly accepted.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}
For political reasons, Margaret Theresa was betrothed as a child to her maternal uncle and paternal cousin, [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Her father stipulated that she should maintain her position in the line of succession to the Spanish throne and would pass her succession rights to her descendants, something Leopold I gladly accepted.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}
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Image:Margarita Teresa of Spain.jpg|'''Infanta Margarita Teresa''' (c. 1662-1664), anonymous, [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]].
Image:Margarita Teresa of Spain.jpg|'''Infanta Margarita Teresa''' (c. 1662-1664), anonymous, [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]].
Image:1651 Margarita1.jpg|'''Infanta Margarita Teresa in mourning dress''' (1666), by [[Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo]], [[Prado Museum]], [[Madrid]].
Image:1651 Margarita1.jpg|'''Infanta Margarita Teresa in mourning dress''' (1666), by [[Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo]], [[Prado Museum]], [[Madrid]].
⚫
Image:Las Meninas, by Diego Velázquez, from Prado in Google Earth.jpg|''[[Las Meninas]]'' (1656) by [[Diego Velázquez]], [[Prado Museum]], [[Madrid]].]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


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* KANN, Robert A., ''The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918'' (History of East Central Europe), [Hardcover],# 464 pages, Univ of Washington Press, (July 1984), in English, ISBN 0-295-96095-7, ISBN 978-0-295-96095-1
* KANN, Robert A., ''The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918'' (History of East Central Europe), [Hardcover],# 464 pages, Univ of Washington Press, (July 1984), in English, ISBN 0-295-96095-7, ISBN 978-0-295-96095-1
* MAGOCSI, Paul Robert, ´´Historical Atlas of Central Europe (History of East Central Europe, Vol. 1, 1), Paperback: 288 pages, University of Washington Press, in English, Revised Exp edition (October 2002), ISBN 0-295-98146-6, ISBN 978-0-295-98146-8
* MAGOCSI, Paul Robert, ´´Historical Atlas of Central Europe (History of East Central Europe, Vol. 1, 1), Paperback: 288 pages, University of Washington Press, in English, Revised Exp edition (October 2002), ISBN 0-295-98146-6, ISBN 978-0-295-98146-8
* [https://books.google.ru/books?id=iR2rBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:pRfqivE1qksC&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibmcKTitDOAhWE_iwKHV4NAnIQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false OLIVAN SANTALIESTRA, Laura, ´´My sister is growing up very helthy and beautiful, she loves me´´ - The Childhood of the Infantas Maria Teresa and Margarita Maria at Court'', pp. 165–185] in: Grace E. Coolidge - The Formation of the Child in Early Modern Spain, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing 2014, ISBN 978-1-47-242880-6
* WHEATCROFT, Andrew, "The Habsburgs, Embodiyng Empire" [Paperback], 416 pages, Penguin Books, (Non-Classics) (May 1, 1997), in English, ISBN 0-14-023634-1, ISBN 978-0-14-023634-7
* WHEATCROFT, Andrew, "The Habsburgs, Embodiyng Empire" [Paperback], 416 pages, Penguin Books, (Non-Classics) (May 1, 1997), in English, ISBN 0-14-023634-1, ISBN 978-0-14-023634-7


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.khm.at/system2E.html?/staticE/page169.html Infanta Margarita Teresa in Blue Dress] at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, [[Vienna]]
*[http://www.khm.at/system2E.html?/staticE/page169.html Infanta Margarita Teresa in Blue Dress] at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, [[Vienna]]

{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Habsburg]]|12 July|1651|12 March|1673}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Habsburg]]|12 July|1651|12 March|1673}}

Revision as of 00:48, 28 October 2016

Margaret Theresa of Spain
Margarita Teresa in 1667, by Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Holy Roman Empress; German Queen;
Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia;
Archduchess consort of Austria
Tenure25 April 1666 – 12 March 1673
Born12 July 1651
Royal Alcazar, Madrid, Spain
Died12 March 1673 (aged 21)
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Burial
Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria
SpouseLeopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
IssueMaria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
HouseHabsburg
FatherPhilip IV of Spain
MotherMariana of Austria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Margaret Maria Theresa of Spain (Spanish: Margarita María Teresa, German: Margarete Maria Theresia; 12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria. She was the elder sister of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. She is the central figure in the famous Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez, and subject of many of his later paintings.

Life

Early years

Margaret Maria Theresa was born on 12 July 1651 in Madrid as the first child of King Philip IV of Spain born from his second marriage with his niece Archduchess Mariana of Austria. Because of this avunculate marriage, Margaret's mother was nearly thirty years younger than her father.[1]

On her father's side, Margaret's grandparents were King Philip III of Spain and his wife Archduchess Margaret of Austria. On her mother's side her grandparents were Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Infanta Maria Anna of Spain.[1][2]

The marriage of her parents was purely made for political reasons, mainly the search of a new male heir for the Spanish throne after the early death of Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias in 1646. Besides him, the other only surviving child of Philip IV's first marriage was the Infanta Maria Theresa, who later became in the wife of King Louis XIV of France. After Margaret, between 1655 and 1661 four more children (a daughter and three sons) were born from the marriage between Philip IV and Mariana of Austria, but only one survive infancy, the future King Charles II of Spain.[1][3]

Margaret didn't developed the serious health issues and disabilities (because the close consanguinity of her parents) that her younger brother showed since his birth. During her childhood once she was seriously ill, but survived.[4] According to contemporaries, Margaret has an attractive appearance and lively character. Her parents and close friends called her the "little angel".[5] She grew up in the Queen's chambers in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid surrounded by many maids and servants. The Infanta loved candies, which she constantly hid from the physicians who care for the health of her teeth.[6] Margaret's father and maternal grandfather Emperor Ferdinand III love her deeply. In his private letters King Philip IV called her "my joy".[7] At the same time, Margaret was brought up in accordance with the strict etiquette of the Madrid court, and received a good education.[8][9]

Marriage negociations

For political reasons, Margaret Theresa was betrothed as a child to her maternal uncle and paternal cousin, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Her father stipulated that she should maintain her position in the line of succession to the Spanish throne and would pass her succession rights to her descendants, something Leopold I gladly accepted.[citation needed]

In the summer of 1666, saddened by her father's death on 17 September 1665, the 15-year-old infanta left her native Spain and traveled to Austria. She was accompanied by several Spanish attendants, and was solemnly welcomed by her future husband, her uncle Leopold. Their wedding took place in the city of Vienna, on 12 December 1666. Despite the difference in their ages, some 11 years, they were very happy together, as they shared a number of interests, especially theatre and music.[citation needed]

After giving birth to four children, and weakened by many miscarriages, Margaret Theresa died at the age of 21. Her only surviving child was Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, future Electress of Bavaria. Margaret Theresa was buried in the Imperial Crypt, in Vienna.

Children

Margaret Theresa and Leopold were parents to four children:

Auction of diamond

One of the diamonds of Margaret Theresa was auctioned at Christie's in December 2008. Referred to as the Wittelsbach Diamond, it was given by her father king Philip IV of Spain as part of the dowry when she married Leopold I of Austria at the age of 15.[10] The diamond was obtained in India (as it was custom from the Royal Families at that time to bring their diamonds from India, either Hyderabad or Bihar). As of today, it is one of the few lasting Indian diamonds together with the Kohinoor (today part of the British Crown Jewels), the Régent (today in the Louvre), the Orlov (in the Kremlin) or the Hope Diamond, in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC.

Christie's sold the nearly 36-carat (7.2 g) diamond for $24.3 million, which was the highest price paid for a diamond sold at an auction until 2013.[11]

Depictions in art

Margaret Theresa is the blonde princess depicted in the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez' masterpiece Las Meninas ("The Maids of Honor", 1656), where she is surrounded by her ladies-in-waiting and other persons of the Spanish court.

There are other pictures of her, also painted by Velázquez at various stages of her childhood, where she is shown wearing Baroque dresses, which were typical of the court of Madrid during the Spanish Golden Age. These portraits were usually sent by King Philip IV to the court of Vienna in order to keep Leopold apprised of how young Margaret Theresa looked and how she was doing at the distant Spanish court.

Margaret Theresa also features in a number of Pablo Picasso's 58 interpretations of Diego Velázquez' Las Meninas, which he produced between August and December 1957. These currently occupy the Las Meninas room of the Museu Picasso in Barcelona, Spain.

Portraits

Ancestors

House of Habsburg
Spanish line
Philip IV
Children include
Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias
Maria Theresa, Queen of France
Margaret, Holy Roman Empress
Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias
Charles II of Spain
16. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
8. Philip II of Spain (=28)
17. Isabella of Portugal
4. Philip III of Spain (=14)
18. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
9. Anna of Austria (1549-1580) (=29)
19. Maria of Spain
2. Philip IV of Spain
20. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
10. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (=24, 30)
21. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
5. Margaret of Austria (=15)
22. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
11. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608) (=25, 31)
23. Anna of Austria (1528-1590)
1. Margaret Theresa of Spain
24. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (=10, 30)
12. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
25. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608) (=11, 31)
6. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
26. William V, Duke of Bavaria
13. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616)
27. Renata of Lorraine
3. Mariana of Austria
28. Philip II of Spain (=8)
14. Philip III of Spain (=4)
29. Anna of Austria (1549-1580) (=9)
7. Maria Anna of Spain
30. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (=10, 24)
15. Margaret of Austria (=5)
31. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608) (=11, 25)

References

  1. ^ a b c Margaret Teresa Habsburg, Infanta de España in: Darryl Lundy - thepeerage.com [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  2. ^ Martin Mutschlechner: Philip IV: marriage and offspring in: habsburger.net [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  3. ^ Antonio Álvarez-Ossorio Alvariño: La sacralización de la dinastía en el pulpito de la Capilla Real en tiempos de Carlos II, pp. 315–317 (in Spanish) [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  4. ^ Olivan Santaliestra 2014, pp. 174–176.
  5. ^ Gladys Taylor: The Little Infanta. The Story of a Tragic Life, Phoenix House 1960, p. 20.
  6. ^ Olivan Santaliestra 2014, p. 178.
  7. ^ Museum of Art History, Moscow: Directmedia 2014, vol. XXVI, pp. 89–95 (The great museums of the world). ISBN 978-5-87-107267-7.
  8. ^ Olivan Santaliestra 2014, pp. 166, 176–183.
  9. ^ Luis Tercero: La última emperatriz española: Margarita Teresa en el Hofburg in: vienadirecto.com (in Spanish) [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  10. ^ CBC News- Big blue diamond goes on display in London. December 5, 2008 Retrieved 8 December 2008
  11. ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2013/04/16/34-carat-pink-diamond-fetches-nearly-40-million/

Bibliography

  • ANDICS, Hellmut, Die Frauen der Habsburger (Vienna: Jugend und Volk, 1985). In German.
  • BEUTLER, Gigi, Die Kaisergruft (Vienna, 2001). In German.
  • HAMANN, Brigitte, Die Habsburger: Ein Biografisches Lexicon (Munich: Piper, 1988). In German.
  • INGRAO, Charles W., Editor and author, In Quest and Crisis: Emperor Joseph I and the Habsburg Monarchy, Hardcover: 278 pages, Purdue University Press (June 1, 1979), in English, ISBN 0-911198-53-9, ISBN 978-0-911198-53-9
  • INGRAO, Charles W., The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618-1815 (New Approaches to European History) [Paperback], # Paperback: 288 pages, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (October 2, 2000), in English, ISBN 0-521-78505-7, ISBN 978-0-521-78505-1
  • KANN, Robert A., A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918, Paperback, 661 pages, University of California Press, edition (November 26, 1980), in English ISBN 0-520-04206-9 ISBN 978-0520042063.
  • KANN, Robert A., The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918 (History of East Central Europe), [Hardcover],# 464 pages, Univ of Washington Press, (July 1984), in English, ISBN 0-295-96095-7, ISBN 978-0-295-96095-1
  • MAGOCSI, Paul Robert, ´´Historical Atlas of Central Europe (History of East Central Europe, Vol. 1, 1), Paperback: 288 pages, University of Washington Press, in English, Revised Exp edition (October 2002), ISBN 0-295-98146-6, ISBN 978-0-295-98146-8
  • OLIVAN SANTALIESTRA, Laura, ´´My sister is growing up very helthy and beautiful, she loves me´´ - The Childhood of the Infantas Maria Teresa and Margarita Maria at Court, pp. 165–185 in: Grace E. Coolidge - The Formation of the Child in Early Modern Spain, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing 2014, ISBN 978-1-47-242880-6
  • WHEATCROFT, Andrew, "The Habsburgs, Embodiyng Empire" [Paperback], 416 pages, Penguin Books, (Non-Classics) (May 1, 1997), in English, ISBN 0-14-023634-1, ISBN 978-0-14-023634-7
Margaret Theresa of Spain
Born: 12 July 1651 Died: 12 March 1673
Royal titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Eleanor of Mantua 		Holy Roman Empress
Queen consort of Germany
Archduchess consort of Austria
1666–1673 		Vacant
Title next held by
Claudia Felicitas of Austria
Vacant
Title last held by
Maria Anna of Spain 		Queen consort of Hungary
Queen consort of Bohemia
1666–1673
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