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{{redirect|NQF|the healthcare organization|National Quality Forum}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
A '''national qualifications framework''' ('''NQF''') is a formal system describing qualifications. 47 countries participating in the [[Bologna Process]] are committed to producing a national qualifications framework. Other countries not part of this process also have national qualifications frameworks.
== Qualifications framework ==
{{Main|Qualifications framework}}
A qualifications framework is a formalized structure in which [[learning level descriptors]] and qualifications are used in order to understand learning outcomes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=Qualifications%20Framework|title=Qualifications Framework|website=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}</ref> This allows for the ability to develop, assess and improve quality education in a number of contexts. Qualifications frameworks are typically found at the national, regional, and international level. Therefore, a national qualifications framework is one type of qualifications framework.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002428/242887e.pdf|title=Level-setting and recognition of learning outcomes: The use of level descriptors in the twenty-first century|last=Keevy|first=James|last2=Chakroun|first2=Borhene|publisher=Paris, UNESCO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100138-3|pages=10, 12–13}}</ref>
== Australia ==
The [[Australian Qualifications Framework]] is the national qualifications framework in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aqf.edu.au/aqf/about/what-is-the-aqf/ |title=What is the AQF? |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=aqf.edu.au |publisher=AQF |access-date=2015-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703224723/http://www.aqf.edu.au/aqf/about/what-is-the-aqf/ |archive-date=3 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Barbados ==
National/Caribbean Vocational Qualifications (N/CVQ) are awarded by the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Council (TVET).<ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifications Framework|url=http://www.tvetcouncil.com.bb/QualificationsFramework/|publisher=Training and Vocational Education and Training Council Barbados|access-date=25 July 2015}}</ref> N/CVQs are work-related and competency-based. Training for the qualifications can be earned from the [[Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytechnic]], the Barbados Vocational Training Board,<ref>{{cite web |title=Technical and Vocational Education and Training for All |url=http://www.bvtb.gov.bb/ |website=Barbados Vocational Training Board |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> or the National Initiative for Service Excellence.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learn: Service Excellence Consultancy and Training |url=https://www.nisebarbados.org/learn |website=National Initiative for Service Excellence |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> Standards for the qualifications are drawn up by industry experts and qualifications are only awarded where the trainee can demonstrate the ability to meet these standards to certified assessors. There are five levels - level 1 (entry level occupations), level 2 (skilled occupations), level 3 (technical, skilled, and supervisory occupations), level 4 (technical specialist and middle management occupations), and level 5 (chartered, professional, and senior management occupations).
== Caribbean region ==
{{Further|CARICOM Single Market and Economy}}
Regional accreditation bodies are planned to assess qualifications for equivalency, complementary to the free movement of persons. To this end, the member states have concluded the Agreement on Accreditation for Education in Medical and other Health Professions. By this agreement, an authority (the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medical and Other Health Professions) is established which will be responsible for accrediting doctors and other health care personnel throughout the CSME. The authority will be headquartered in Jamaica, which is one of among six states (Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago) in which agreement is already in force. The Bahamas has also signed on to the agreement.
Region-wide accreditation has also been planned for vocational skills. Currently local training agencies award National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ)<ref name="Potential and preparation">[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051218/lead/lead6.html Jamaica Gleaner News - Potential and preparation - Sunday | December 18, 2005<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908052221/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051218/lead/lead6.html |date=8 September 2012 }}</ref> or national Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) certification,<ref name="CANTA helping to synchronise Caribbean training standards">[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051022t190000-0500_90846_obs_canta_helping_to_synchronise_caribbean_training_standards.asp CANTA helping to synchronise Caribbean training standards - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628031453/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051022t190000-0500_90846_obs_canta_helping_to_synchronise_caribbean_training_standards.asp |date=28 June 2009 }}</ref> which are not valid across Member States. However, in 2003, the Caribbean Association of National Agencies (CANTA) was formed as an umbrella organization of the various local training agencies including Trinidad and Tobago's National Training Agency, the Barbados TVET Council and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States TVET agency and the HEART Trust/NTA of Jamaica. Since 2005, the member organizations of CANTA have been working together to ensure a uniformed level of certified skilled labour under the Caricom Single Market and Economy (CSME) and CANTA itself has established a regional certification scheme that awards the Caribbean Vocational Qualification (CVQ),<ref name="CANTA helping to synchronise Caribbean training standards" /> which is to replace NVQs and national TVET certifications.<ref name="Potential and preparation" /> The CVQ will be school-based and although based on the certification scheme of CANTA, will be awarded by the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) which will be collaborating with CANTA on the CVQ programme.<ref name="New CXC programme in 2007">[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051029t170000-0500_91362_obs_new_cxc_programme_in_____.asp New CXC programme in 2007 - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628015921/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051029t170000-0500_91362_obs_new_cxc_programme_in_____.asp |date=28 June 2009 }}</ref> At the February 9–10, 2007 meeting of the Regional Coordinating Mechanism for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, officials discussed arrangements for the award of the CVQ which was approved by the Council for Human and Social Development (COHSOD) in October 2006.<ref name="Officials to discuss vocational training">[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070209/news/news4.html Jamaica Gleaner News - Officials to discuss vocational training - Friday | February 9, 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908052257/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070209/news/news4.html |date=8 September 2012 }}</ref> It was expected that the CVQ programme may be in place by mid-2007, if all the requirements are met<ref>{{cite web | url=http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070216/carib/carib1.html | title=Full free movement of Caribbean nationals by the year 2009 | access-date=25 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills">[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/business/html/20070213t190000-0500_119067_obs_caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills.asp Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628030748/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/business/html/20070213t190000-0500_119067_obs_caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills.asp |date=28 June 2009 }}</ref> and that provisions were being made for the holders of current NVQs to have them converted into the regionally accepted type (although no clear mandate is yet in place).<ref name="Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills" /> This deadline was met and in October 2007, the CVQ programme was officially launched. The CVQ now facilitates the movement of artisans and other skilled persons in the CSME. This qualification will be accessible to persons already in the workforce as well as students in secondary schools across the Caribbean region. Those already in the work force will be required to attend designated centres for assessment.<ref name="CVQ launched">[http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres258_07.jsp Launch of the Caribbean Vocational Qualification] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726123827/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres258_07.jsp |date=26 July 2015 }}</ref>
The CVQ is based on a competency-based approach to training, assessment and certification. Candidates are expected to demonstrate competence in attaining occupational standards developed by practitioners, industry experts and employers. Those standards when approved by CARICOM allow for portability across the Region. Currently, CVQs are planned to reflect a Qualification framework of five levels. These are:
* Level 1: Directly Supervised/Entry –Level Worker
* Level 2: Supervised Skilled Worker
* Level 3: Independent or Autonomous Skilled Worker
* Level 4: Specialized or Supervisory Worker
* Level 5: Managerial and/or Professional Worker<ref name="CXC: CVQ">[http://www.cxc.org/?q=examinations/exams/cvq Caribbean Examinations Council: Caribbean Vocational Qualification]</ref>
CVQs are awarded to those candidates who would have met the required standards in all of the prescribed units of study. Statements are issued in cases where candidates did not complete all the requirements for the award of CVQ. Schools that are suitably equipped currently offer Levels 1 & 2.<ref name="CXC: CVQ"/>
By March 2012 up to 2,263 CVQs had been awarded in the workforce across the region and 2,872 had been awarded in schools for a total of 5,135 CVQs awarded up to that time. The breakdown of the agency awarding the over 5,000 CVQs by March 2012 stood at 1,680 having been awarded by the CXC and 3,455 being awarded by the various National Training Agencies (with some being awarded in the workplace and some being awarded in secondary schools).<ref name="CVQ Framework">[http://www.soeconferences.com/sites/default/files/PA4%20Caribbean%20Vocational%20Qualifications%20Framework%20-%20Dunn-Smith.pdf Caribbean Vocational Qualifications Framework] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050429/http://www.soeconferences.com/sites/default/files/PA4%20Caribbean%20Vocational%20Qualifications%20Framework%20-%20Dunn-Smith.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
;Sources
* JIS website on the CSME
* SICE - Establishment of the CSME<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070303054901/http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAR/MatxMarch16_2005.asp SICE - CARICOM - Establishment of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy: Status of Key Elements]</ref>
==South Africa==
[[File:NQF explanation graph.svg|center|thumbnail|700px|A graph mapping out the National Qualification Frameworks (NQF) and how they relate to different educational options within the South African educational system in 2017. NQFs are a key component of the South African higher education system since being implemented in 1995 and is administered by the [[South African Qualifications Authority]].]]
==United Kingdom==
{{Main article|National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom}}
The current national qualifications frameworks in the UK are:
* [[England]]: ''Regulated Qualifications Framework'' (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by [[Ofqual]]
* [[Northern Ireland]]: ''[[Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment]]'' (CCEA)
* [[Wales]]: ''Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales'' (CQFW) for all qualifications.
* [[Scotland]]: ''[[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]]'' (SCQF) for all qualifications.
The ''Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications'' of UK Degree Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/compare-different-qualification-levels|title=Compare different qualifications|website=Gov.uk|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=CQFW>{{cite web|url=http://gov.wales/topics/educationandskills/qualificationsinwales/creditqualificationsframework/?lang=en|title=Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/changes-to-qualifications-regulation-in-northern-ireland|title=Changes to qualifications regulation in Northern Ireland|date =5 May 2016|publisher=Ofqual|access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
==India==
{{ see also | Education in India | National Education Policy 2020 | Skill India }}
India's [[National Skill Development Agency]] (NSDA)'s [[National Skill Development Agency#NSQF|National Skills Qualification Framework]] (NSQF), is a quality assurance framework which grades and recognises levels of skill based on the [[Outcome-based education|learning outcomes]] acquired through both formal or informal means.<ref name=nsda1>[https://www.nsda.gov.in/nsqf.html National Skills Qualification Framework of NSDA], [[National Skill Development Agency|NSDA]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref><ref name=nsda2>[https://www.nsda.gov.in/assets/documents/nsqf/NSQF%20Gazette%20Notification.pdf NSQF notification], [[The Gazette of India]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref>
[https://www.nuffic.nl/en/library/education-system-india.pdf Indian Education System] recognises the following:
RPL: Recognition of Prior Learning, NCWP: National Certificate for Work Preparation, NCC: National Competency Certificate
{| class="wikitable"
|+ The National Vocational Education Qualifications Framework (NVEQF)<ref>[http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/EXECUTIVE%20ORDER_new.pdf Architecture of the NVEQF], Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development, New Delhi, dated 3 September 2012, p-7</ref>
! colspan=2 | || Case I || Case II ||
|-
! Level || Certificate || Equivalence || Equivalence || Certifying body
|-
| 10 || NCC 8 || Degree || Doctorate
| rowspan=3 | University and sector skills council
|-
| 9 || NCC 7
| rowspan=2 | PG Diploma
| rowspan=2 | Master's degree
|-
| 8 || NCC 6
|-
| 7 || NCC 5
| rowspan=2 | Advanced Diploma
| rowspan=3 | Bachelor's degree
| rowspan=2 | Board of Technical Education and sector skills council, university and sector skills council
|-
| 6 || NCC 4
|-
| 5 || NCC 3
| rowspan=3 | Diploma
| rowspan=3 | Board of Technical Education and sector skills council, school board and sector skills council,
|-
| 4 || NCC 2 || Grade XII
|-
| 3 || NCC 1 || Grade XI
|-
| 2 || NCWP 2 || Grade X || Grade X
| rowspan=2 | School board and sector skills council
|-
| 1 || NCWP 1 || Grade IX || Grade IX
|-
| RPL || RPL 2 || Grade VIII || Grade VIII
| rowspan=2 | NIOS/State Open Schools and SSC
|-
| RPL || RPL 1 || Grade V || Grade V
|}
== Ireland ==
The [[National Framework of Qualifications]] is the framework used in Ireland.
== Kenya ==
In December 2014 the Parliament of Kenya passed the Kenya National Qualifications Framework Act to establish a "national system for the articulation, classification, registration, quality assurance, and the monitoring and evaluation of national qualifications".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/KenyaNationalQualificationsFrameworkAct2014.pdf |title=Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 171 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=kenyalaw.org/ |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting Library |access-date=2015-07-19}}</ref>
== New Zealand ==
The New Zealand Qualifications Framework, administered by the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]], covers qualifications in [[secondary education|secondary]] and [[tertiary education]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/studying-in-new-zealand/understand-nz-quals/nzqf/ |title=New Zealand Qualifications Framework - Te Taura Here Tohu Mātauranga o Aotearoa |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=nzqa.govt.nz/ |publisher=New Zealand Qualifications Authority |access-date=2015-07-19}}</ref> in New Zealand.
== Pakistan ==
The National Qualifications Framework of Pakistan<ref>{{Cite web |last=PAKISTAN |first=HEC |title=NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK OF PAKISTAN |url=https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf |website=HEC}}</ref> covers qualifications from pre-[[primary school|primary]] to doctoral degrees in eight levels,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PQF |url=https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf}}</ref> taking in academic and vocational education. Higher education, corresponding to levels five to eight, is covered by the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications of Pakistan, administered by the [[Higher Education Commission (Pakistan)|Higher Education Commission of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf|title=National Qualifications Framework of Pakistan|date=2015|access-date=9 October 2023|page=6}}</ref>
Sources
{{Free-content attribution
| title = Level-setting and recognition of learning outcomes: The use of level descriptors in the twenty-first century
| author = Keevey, James; Chakroun, Borhene
| publisher = UNESCO
| page numbers = 10, 12-13
| source = UNESCO
| documentURL = http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002428/242887e.pdf
| license statement URL = http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=242887&set=0058D22B8C_1_128&gp=1&lin=1&ll=1
| license = CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Academic transfer]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Formal system for describing qualifications}}
{{redirect|NQF|the healthcare organization|National Quality Forum}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
A '''national qualifications framework''' ('''NQF''') is a formal system describing qualifications. 47 countries participating in the [[Bologna Process]] are committed to producing a national qualifications framework. Other countries not part of this process also have national qualifications frameworks.
== Qualifications framework ==
{{Main|Qualifications framework}}
A qualifications framework is a formalized structure in which [[learning level descriptors]] and qualifications are used in order to understand learning outcomes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=Qualifications%20Framework|title=Qualifications Framework|website=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}</ref> This allows for the ability to develop, assess and improve quality education in a number of contexts. Qualifications frameworks are typically found at the national, regional, and international level. Therefore, a national qualifications framework is one type of qualifications framework.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002428/242887e.pdf|title=Level-setting and recognition of learning outcomes: The use of level descriptors in the twenty-first century|last=Keevy|first=James|last2=Chakroun|first2=Borhene|publisher=Paris, UNESCO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100138-3|pages=10, 12–13}}</ref>
== Australia ==
The [[Australian Qualifications Framework]] is the national qualifications framework in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aqf.edu.au/aqf/about/what-is-the-aqf/ |title=What is the AQF? |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=aqf.edu.au |publisher=AQF |access-date=2015-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703224723/http://www.aqf.edu.au/aqf/about/what-is-the-aqf/ |archive-date=3 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Barbados ==
National/Caribbean Vocational Qualifications (N/CVQ) are awarded by the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Council (TVET).<ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifications Framework|url=http://www.tvetcouncil.com.bb/QualificationsFramework/|publisher=Training and Vocational Education and Training Council Barbados|access-date=25 July 2015}}</ref> N/CVQs are work-related and competency-based. Training for the qualifications can be earned from the [[Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytechnic]], the Barbados Vocational Training Board,<ref>{{cite web |title=Technical and Vocational Education and Training for All |url=http://www.bvtb.gov.bb/ |website=Barbados Vocational Training Board |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> or the National Initiative for Service Excellence.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learn: Service Excellence Consultancy and Training |url=https://www.nisebarbados.org/learn |website=National Initiative for Service Excellence |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> Standards for the qualifications are drawn up by industry experts and qualifications are only awarded where the trainee can demonstrate the ability to meet these standards to certified assessors. There are five levels - level 1 (entry level occupations), level 2 (skilled occupations), level 3 (technical, skilled, and supervisory occupations), level 4 (technical specialist and middle management occupations), and level 5 (chartered, professional, and senior management occupations).
== Caribbean region ==
{{Further|CARICOM Single Market and Economy}}
Regional accreditation bodies are planned to assess qualifications for equivalency, complementary to the free movement of persons. To this end, the member states have concluded the Agreement on Accreditation for Education in Medical and other Health Professions. By this agreement, an authority (the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medical and Other Health Professions) is established which will be responsible for accrediting doctors and other health care personnel throughout the CSME. The authority will be headquartered in Jamaica, which is one of among six states (Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago) in which agreement is already in force. The Bahamas has also signed on to the agreement.
Region-wide accreditation has also been planned for vocational skills. Currently local training agencies award National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ)<ref name="Potential and preparation">[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051218/lead/lead6.html Jamaica Gleaner News - Potential and preparation - Sunday | December 18, 2005<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908052221/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051218/lead/lead6.html |date=8 September 2012 }}</ref> or national Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) certification,<ref name="CANTA helping to synchronise Caribbean training standards">[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051022t190000-0500_90846_obs_canta_helping_to_synchronise_caribbean_training_standards.asp CANTA helping to synchronise Caribbean training standards - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628031453/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051022t190000-0500_90846_obs_canta_helping_to_synchronise_caribbean_training_standards.asp |date=28 June 2009 }}</ref> which are not valid across Member States. However, in 2003, the Caribbean Association of National Agencies (CANTA) was formed as an umbrella organization of the various local training agencies including Trinidad and Tobago's National Training Agency, the Barbados TVET Council and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States TVET agency and the HEART Trust/NTA of Jamaica. Since 2005, the member organizations of CANTA have been working together to ensure a uniformed level of certified skilled labour under the Caricom Single Market and Economy (CSME) and CANTA itself has established a regional certification scheme that awards the Caribbean Vocational Qualification (CVQ),<ref name="CANTA helping to synchronise Caribbean training standards" /> which is to replace NVQs and national TVET certifications.<ref name="Potential and preparation" /> The CVQ will be school-based and although based on the certification scheme of CANTA, will be awarded by the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) which will be collaborating with CANTA on the CVQ programme.<ref name="New CXC programme in 2007">[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051029t170000-0500_91362_obs_new_cxc_programme_in_____.asp New CXC programme in 2007 - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628015921/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051029t170000-0500_91362_obs_new_cxc_programme_in_____.asp |date=28 June 2009 }}</ref> At the February 9–10, 2007 meeting of the Regional Coordinating Mechanism for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, officials discussed arrangements for the award of the CVQ which was approved by the Council for Human and Social Development (COHSOD) in October 2006.<ref name="Officials to discuss vocational training">[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070209/news/news4.html Jamaica Gleaner News - Officials to discuss vocational training - Friday | February 9, 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908052257/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070209/news/news4.html |date=8 September 2012 }}</ref> It was expected that the CVQ programme may be in place by mid-2007, if all the requirements are met<ref>{{cite web | url=http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070216/carib/carib1.html | title=Full free movement of Caribbean nationals by the year 2009 | access-date=25 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills">[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/business/html/20070213t190000-0500_119067_obs_caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills.asp Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628030748/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/business/html/20070213t190000-0500_119067_obs_caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills.asp |date=28 June 2009 }}</ref> and that provisions were being made for the holders of current NVQs to have them converted into the regionally accepted type (although no clear mandate is yet in place).<ref name="Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills" /> This deadline was met and in October 2007, the CVQ programme was officially launched. The CVQ now facilitates the movement of artisans and other skilled persons in the CSME. This qualification will be accessible to persons already in the workforce as well as students in secondary schools across the Caribbean region. Those already in the work force will be required to attend designated centres for assessment.<ref name="CVQ launched">[http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres258_07.jsp Launch of the Caribbean Vocational Qualification] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726123827/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres258_07.jsp |date=26 July 2015 }}</ref>
The CVQ is based on a competency-based approach to training, assessment and certification. Candidates are expected to demonstrate competence in attaining occupational standards developed by practitioners, industry experts and employers. Those standards when approved by CARICOM allow for portability across the Region. Currently, CVQs are planned to reflect a Qualification framework of five levels. These are:
* Level 1: Directly Supervised/Entry –Level Worker
* Level 2: Supervised Skilled Worker
* Level 3: Independent or Autonomous Skilled Worker
* Level 4: Specialized or Supervisory Worker
* Level 5: Managerial and/or Professional Worker<ref name="CXC: CVQ">[http://www.cxc.org/?q=examinations/exams/cvq Caribbean Examinations Council: Caribbean Vocational Qualification]</ref>
CVQs are awarded to those candidates who would have met the required standards in all of the prescribed units of study. Statements are issued in cases where candidates did not complete all the requirements for the award of CVQ. Schools that are suitably equipped currently offer Levels 1 & 2.<ref name="CXC: CVQ"/>
By March 2012 up to 2,263 CVQs had been awarded in the workforce across the region and 2,872 had been awarded in schools for a total of 5,135 CVQs awarded up to that time. The breakdown of the agency awarding the over 5,000 CVQs by March 2012 stood at 1,680 having been awarded by the CXC and 3,455 being awarded by the various National Training Agencies (with some being awarded in the workplace and some being awarded in secondary schools).<ref name="CVQ Framework">[http://www.soeconferences.com/sites/default/files/PA4%20Caribbean%20Vocational%20Qualifications%20Framework%20-%20Dunn-Smith.pdf Caribbean Vocational Qualifications Framework] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050429/http://www.soeconferences.com/sites/default/files/PA4%20Caribbean%20Vocational%20Qualifications%20Framework%20-%20Dunn-Smith.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
;Sources
* JIS website on the CSME
* SICE - Establishment of the CSME<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070303054901/http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAR/MatxMarch16_2005.asp SICE - CARICOM - Establishment of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy: Status of Key Elements]</ref>
==South Africa==
[[File:NQF explanation graph.svg|center|thumbnail|700px|A graph mapping out the National Qualification Frameworks (NQF) and how they relate to different educational options within the South African educational system in 2017. NQFs are a key component of the South African higher education system since being implemented in 1995 and is administered by the [[South African Qualifications Authority]].]]The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) in South Africa is a system designed to measure and categorise the skills and knowledge of learners across the nation. The framework consists of 10 levels, which are organised into three distinct bands<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=Ultimate Guide to NQF Levels {{!}} FundiConnect |url=https://fundiconnect.co.za/nqf-levels-whats-that-stuff-about/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>.
* '''NQF Levels 1 to 4''': These levels correspond to high school grades 9 to 12 or equivalent vocational training. They represent the foundational phase of education within the NQF system.
* '''NQF Levels 5 to 7''': These levels are associated with college diplomas and technical qualifications. They signify intermediate education and specialised vocational training.
* '''NQF Levels 7 to 10''': These levels pertain to university degrees, ranging from undergraduate to doctoral studies. They represent the advanced and highest tiers of education within the NQF framework.
The NQF framework is administered by the South African Government and is enacted under the National Qualifications Framework Act 67 of 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Qualifications Framework Act 67 of 2008 {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/national-qualifications-framework-act |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref>.
==United Kingdom==
{{Main article|National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom}}
The current national qualifications frameworks in the UK are:
* [[England]]: ''Regulated Qualifications Framework'' (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by [[Ofqual]]
* [[Northern Ireland]]: ''[[Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment]]'' (CCEA)
* [[Wales]]: ''Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales'' (CQFW) for all qualifications.
* [[Scotland]]: ''[[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]]'' (SCQF) for all qualifications.
The ''Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications'' of UK Degree Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/compare-different-qualification-levels|title=Compare different qualifications|website=Gov.uk|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=CQFW>{{cite web|url=http://gov.wales/topics/educationandskills/qualificationsinwales/creditqualificationsframework/?lang=en|title=Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/changes-to-qualifications-regulation-in-northern-ireland|title=Changes to qualifications regulation in Northern Ireland|date =5 May 2016|publisher=Ofqual|access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
==India==
{{ see also | Education in India | National Education Policy 2020 | Skill India }}
India's [[National Skill Development Agency]] (NSDA)'s [[National Skill Development Agency#NSQF|National Skills Qualification Framework]] (NSQF), is a quality assurance framework which grades and recognises levels of skill based on the [[Outcome-based education|learning outcomes]] acquired through both formal or informal means.<ref name=nsda1>[https://www.nsda.gov.in/nsqf.html National Skills Qualification Framework of NSDA], [[National Skill Development Agency|NSDA]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref><ref name=nsda2>[https://www.nsda.gov.in/assets/documents/nsqf/NSQF%20Gazette%20Notification.pdf NSQF notification], [[The Gazette of India]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref>
[https://www.nuffic.nl/en/library/education-system-india.pdf Indian Education System] recognises the following:
RPL: Recognition of Prior Learning, NCWP: National Certificate for Work Preparation, NCC: National Competency Certificate
{| class="wikitable"
|+ The National Vocational Education Qualifications Framework (NVEQF)<ref>[http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/EXECUTIVE%20ORDER_new.pdf Architecture of the NVEQF], Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development, New Delhi, dated 3 September 2012, p-7</ref>
! colspan=2 | || Case I || Case II ||
|-
! Level || Certificate || Equivalence || Equivalence || Certifying body
|-
| 10 || NCC 8 || Degree || Doctorate
| rowspan=3 | University and sector skills council
|-
| 9 || NCC 7
| rowspan=2 | PG Diploma
| rowspan=2 | Master's degree
|-
| 8 || NCC 6
|-
| 7 || NCC 5
| rowspan=2 | Advanced Diploma
| rowspan=3 | Bachelor's degree
| rowspan=2 | Board of Technical Education and sector skills council, university and sector skills council
|-
| 6 || NCC 4
|-
| 5 || NCC 3
| rowspan=3 | Diploma
| rowspan=3 | Board of Technical Education and sector skills council, school board and sector skills council,
|-
| 4 || NCC 2 || Grade XII
|-
| 3 || NCC 1 || Grade XI
|-
| 2 || NCWP 2 || Grade X || Grade X
| rowspan=2 | School board and sector skills council
|-
| 1 || NCWP 1 || Grade IX || Grade IX
|-
| RPL || RPL 2 || Grade VIII || Grade VIII
| rowspan=2 | NIOS/State Open Schools and SSC
|-
| RPL || RPL 1 || Grade V || Grade V
|}
== Ireland ==
The [[National Framework of Qualifications]] is the framework used in Ireland.
== Kenya ==
In December 2014 the Parliament of Kenya passed the Kenya National Qualifications Framework Act to establish a "national system for the articulation, classification, registration, quality assurance, and the monitoring and evaluation of national qualifications".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/KenyaNationalQualificationsFrameworkAct2014.pdf |title=Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 171 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=kenyalaw.org/ |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting Library |access-date=2015-07-19}}</ref>
== New Zealand ==
The New Zealand Qualifications Framework, administered by the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]], covers qualifications in [[secondary education|secondary]] and [[tertiary education]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/studying-in-new-zealand/understand-nz-quals/nzqf/ |title=New Zealand Qualifications Framework - Te Taura Here Tohu Mātauranga o Aotearoa |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=nzqa.govt.nz/ |publisher=New Zealand Qualifications Authority |access-date=2015-07-19}}</ref> in New Zealand.
== Pakistan ==
The National Qualifications Framework of Pakistan<ref>{{Cite web |last=PAKISTAN |first=HEC |title=NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK OF PAKISTAN |url=https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf |website=HEC}}</ref> covers qualifications from pre-[[primary school|primary]] to doctoral degrees in eight levels,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PQF |url=https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf}}</ref> taking in academic and vocational education. Higher education, corresponding to levels five to eight, is covered by the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications of Pakistan, administered by the [[Higher Education Commission (Pakistan)|Higher Education Commission of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf|title=National Qualifications Framework of Pakistan|date=2015|access-date=9 October 2023|page=6}}</ref>
Sources
{{Free-content attribution
| title = Level-setting and recognition of learning outcomes: The use of level descriptors in the twenty-first century
| author = Keevey, James; Chakroun, Borhene
| publisher = UNESCO
| page numbers = 10, 12-13
| source = UNESCO
| documentURL = http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002428/242887e.pdf
| license statement URL = http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=242887&set=0058D22B8C_1_128&gp=1&lin=1&ll=1
| license = CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Academic transfer]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -40,5 +40,11 @@
==South Africa==
-[[File:NQF explanation graph.svg|center|thumbnail|700px|A graph mapping out the National Qualification Frameworks (NQF) and how they relate to different educational options within the South African educational system in 2017. NQFs are a key component of the South African higher education system since being implemented in 1995 and is administered by the [[South African Qualifications Authority]].]]
+[[File:NQF explanation graph.svg|center|thumbnail|700px|A graph mapping out the National Qualification Frameworks (NQF) and how they relate to different educational options within the South African educational system in 2017. NQFs are a key component of the South African higher education system since being implemented in 1995 and is administered by the [[South African Qualifications Authority]].]]The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) in South Africa is a system designed to measure and categorise the skills and knowledge of learners across the nation. The framework consists of 10 levels, which are organised into three distinct bands<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=Ultimate Guide to NQF Levels {{!}} FundiConnect |url=https://fundiconnect.co.za/nqf-levels-whats-that-stuff-about/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>.
+
+* '''NQF Levels 1 to 4''': These levels correspond to high school grades 9 to 12 or equivalent vocational training. They represent the foundational phase of education within the NQF system.
+* '''NQF Levels 5 to 7''': These levels are associated with college diplomas and technical qualifications. They signify intermediate education and specialised vocational training.
+* '''NQF Levels 7 to 10''': These levels pertain to university degrees, ranging from undergraduate to doctoral studies. They represent the advanced and highest tiers of education within the NQF framework.
+
+The NQF framework is administered by the South African Government and is enacted under the National Qualifications Framework Act 67 of 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Qualifications Framework Act 67 of 2008 {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/national-qualifications-framework-act |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref>.
==United Kingdom==
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Formal system for describing qualifications</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NQF" redirects here. For the healthcare organization, see <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Quality_Forum" title="National Quality Forum">National Quality Forum</a>.</div>
<p>
A <b>national qualifications framework</b> (<b>NQF</b>) is a formal system describing qualifications. 47 countries participating in the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a> are committed to producing a national qualifications framework. Other countries not part of this process also have national qualifications frameworks.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Qualifications_framework"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Qualifications framework</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Australia"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Barbados"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Barbados</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Caribbean_region"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Caribbean region</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#South_Africa"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">South Africa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ireland"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Ireland</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Kenya"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Kenya</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#New_Zealand"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">New Zealand</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Pakistan"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Pakistan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Qualifications_framework">Qualifications framework</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Qualifications framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualifications_framework" title="Qualifications framework">Qualifications framework</a></div>
<p>A qualifications framework is a formalized structure in which <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_level_descriptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Learning level descriptors">learning level descriptors</a> and qualifications are used in order to understand learning outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> This allows for the ability to develop, assess and improve quality education in a number of contexts. Qualifications frameworks are typically found at the national, regional, and international level. Therefore, a national qualifications framework is one type of qualifications framework.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Australia">Australia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Qualifications_Framework" title="Australian Qualifications Framework">Australian Qualifications Framework</a> is the national qualifications framework in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Barbados">Barbados</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Barbados"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>National/Caribbean Vocational Qualifications (N/CVQ) are awarded by the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Council (TVET).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> N/CVQs are work-related and competency-based. Training for the qualifications can be earned from the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Jackman_Prescod_Polytechnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytechnic">Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytechnic</a>, the Barbados Vocational Training Board,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> or the National Initiative for Service Excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Standards for the qualifications are drawn up by industry experts and qualifications are only awarded where the trainee can demonstrate the ability to meet these standards to certified assessors. There are five levels - level 1 (entry level occupations), level 2 (skilled occupations), level 3 (technical, skilled, and supervisory occupations), level 4 (technical specialist and middle management occupations), and level 5 (chartered, professional, and senior management occupations).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Caribbean_region">Caribbean region</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Caribbean region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a></div>
<p>Regional accreditation bodies are planned to assess qualifications for equivalency, complementary to the free movement of persons. To this end, the member states have concluded the Agreement on Accreditation for Education in Medical and other Health Professions. By this agreement, an authority (the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medical and Other Health Professions) is established which will be responsible for accrediting doctors and other health care personnel throughout the CSME. The authority will be headquartered in Jamaica, which is one of among six states (Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago) in which agreement is already in force. The Bahamas has also signed on to the agreement.
</p><p>Region-wide accreditation has also been planned for vocational skills. Currently local training agencies award National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ)<sup id="cite_ref-Potential_and_preparation_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potential_and_preparation-7">[7]</a></sup> or national Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) certification,<sup id="cite_ref-CANTA_helping_to_synchronise_Caribbean_training_standards_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CANTA_helping_to_synchronise_Caribbean_training_standards-8">[8]</a></sup> which are not valid across Member States. However, in 2003, the Caribbean Association of National Agencies (CANTA) was formed as an umbrella organization of the various local training agencies including Trinidad and Tobago's National Training Agency, the Barbados TVET Council and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States TVET agency and the HEART Trust/NTA of Jamaica. Since 2005, the member organizations of CANTA have been working together to ensure a uniformed level of certified skilled labour under the Caricom Single Market and Economy (CSME) and CANTA itself has established a regional certification scheme that awards the Caribbean Vocational Qualification (CVQ),<sup id="cite_ref-CANTA_helping_to_synchronise_Caribbean_training_standards_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CANTA_helping_to_synchronise_Caribbean_training_standards-8">[8]</a></sup> which is to replace NVQs and national TVET certifications.<sup id="cite_ref-Potential_and_preparation_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potential_and_preparation-7">[7]</a></sup> The CVQ will be school-based and although based on the certification scheme of CANTA, will be awarded by the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) which will be collaborating with CANTA on the CVQ programme.<sup id="cite_ref-New_CXC_programme_in_2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_CXC_programme_in_2007-9">[9]</a></sup> At the February 9–10, 2007 meeting of the Regional Coordinating Mechanism for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, officials discussed arrangements for the award of the CVQ which was approved by the Council for Human and Social Development (COHSOD) in October 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Officials_to_discuss_vocational_training_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Officials_to_discuss_vocational_training-10">[10]</a></sup> It was expected that the CVQ programme may be in place by mid-2007, if all the requirements are met<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills-12">[12]</a></sup> and that provisions were being made for the holders of current NVQs to have them converted into the regionally accepted type (although no clear mandate is yet in place).<sup id="cite_ref-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills-12">[12]</a></sup> This deadline was met and in October 2007, the CVQ programme was officially launched. The CVQ now facilitates the movement of artisans and other skilled persons in the CSME. This qualification will be accessible to persons already in the workforce as well as students in secondary schools across the Caribbean region. Those already in the work force will be required to attend designated centres for assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-CVQ_launched_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CVQ_launched-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>The CVQ is based on a competency-based approach to training, assessment and certification. Candidates are expected to demonstrate competence in attaining occupational standards developed by practitioners, industry experts and employers. Those standards when approved by CARICOM allow for portability across the Region. Currently, CVQs are planned to reflect a Qualification framework of five levels. These are:
</p>
<ul><li>Level 1: Directly Supervised/Entry –Level Worker</li>
<li>Level 2: Supervised Skilled Worker</li>
<li>Level 3: Independent or Autonomous Skilled Worker</li>
<li>Level 4: Specialized or Supervisory Worker</li>
<li>Level 5: Managerial and/or Professional Worker<sup id="cite_ref-CXC:_CVQ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CXC:_CVQ-14">[14]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p>CVQs are awarded to those candidates who would have met the required standards in all of the prescribed units of study. Statements are issued in cases where candidates did not complete all the requirements for the award of CVQ. Schools that are suitably equipped currently offer Levels 1 & 2.<sup id="cite_ref-CXC:_CVQ_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CXC:_CVQ-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>By March 2012 up to 2,263 CVQs had been awarded in the workforce across the region and 2,872 had been awarded in schools for a total of 5,135 CVQs awarded up to that time. The breakdown of the agency awarding the over 5,000 CVQs by March 2012 stood at 1,680 having been awarded by the CXC and 3,455 being awarded by the various National Training Agencies (with some being awarded in the workplace and some being awarded in secondary schools).<sup id="cite_ref-CVQ_Framework_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CVQ_Framework-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl>
<ul><li>JIS website on the CSME</li>
<li>SICE - Establishment of the CSME<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Africa">South Africa</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NQF_explanation_graph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NQF_explanation_graph.svg/700px-NQF_explanation_graph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NQF_explanation_graph.svg/1050px-NQF_explanation_graph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NQF_explanation_graph.svg/1400px-NQF_explanation_graph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>A graph mapping out the National Qualification Frameworks (NQF) and how they relate to different educational options within the South African educational system in 2017. NQFs are a key component of the South African higher education system since being implemented in 1995 and is administered by the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Qualifications_Authority" title="South African Qualifications Authority">South African Qualifications Authority</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) in South Africa is a system designed to measure and categorise the skills and knowledge of learners across the nation. The framework consists of 10 levels, which are organised into three distinct bands<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>.
</p><ul><li><b>NQF Levels 1 to 4</b>: These levels correspond to high school grades 9 to 12 or equivalent vocational training. They represent the foundational phase of education within the NQF system.</li>
<li><b>NQF Levels 5 to 7</b>: These levels are associated with college diplomas and technical qualifications. They signify intermediate education and specialised vocational training.</li>
<li><b>NQF Levels 7 to 10</b>: These levels pertain to university degrees, ranging from undergraduate to doctoral studies. They represent the advanced and highest tiers of education within the NQF framework.</li></ul>
<p>The NQF framework is administered by the South African Government and is enacted under the National Qualifications Framework Act 67 of 2008<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_qualifications_frameworks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom">National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom</a></div>
<p>The current national qualifications frameworks in the UK are:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>: <i>Regulated Qualifications Framework</i> (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofqual" title="Ofqual">Ofqual</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>: <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_the_Curriculum,_Examinations_and_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment">Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment</a></i> (CCEA)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>: <i>Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales</i> (CQFW) for all qualifications.</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>: <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Credit_and_Qualifications_Framework" title="Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework">Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework</a></i> (SCQF) for all qualifications.</li></ul>
<p>The <i>Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications</i> of UK Degree Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CQFW_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CQFW-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education in India</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Education_Policy_2020" title="National Education Policy 2020">National Education Policy 2020</a>, and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skill_India" title="Skill India">Skill India</a></div>
<p>India's <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Skill_Development_Agency" title="National Skill Development Agency">National Skill Development Agency</a> (NSDA)'s <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Skill_Development_Agency#NSQF" title="National Skill Development Agency">National Skills Qualification Framework</a> (NSQF), is a quality assurance framework which grades and recognises levels of skill based on the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcome-based_education" title="Outcome-based education">learning outcomes</a> acquired through both formal or informal means.<sup id="cite_ref-nsda1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsda1-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsda2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsda2-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nuffic.nl/en/library/education-system-india.pdf">Indian Education System</a> recognises the following:
RPL: Recognition of Prior Learning, NCWP: National Certificate for Work Preparation, NCC: National Competency Certificate
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>The National Vocational Education Qualifications Framework (NVEQF)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th>Case I</th>
<th>Case II</th>
<th>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>Level</th>
<th>Certificate</th>
<th>Equivalence</th>
<th>Equivalence</th>
<th>Certifying body
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td>NCC 8</td>
<td>Degree</td>
<td>Doctorate
</td>
<td rowspan="3">University and sector skills council
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td>NCC 7
</td>
<td rowspan="2">PG Diploma
</td>
<td rowspan="2">Master's degree
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td>NCC 6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>NCC 5
</td>
<td rowspan="2">Advanced Diploma
</td>
<td rowspan="3">Bachelor's degree
</td>
<td rowspan="2">Board of Technical Education and sector skills council, university and sector skills council
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>NCC 4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>NCC 3
</td>
<td rowspan="3">Diploma
</td>
<td rowspan="3">Board of Technical Education and sector skills council, school board and sector skills council,
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>NCC 2</td>
<td>Grade XII
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>NCC 1</td>
<td>Grade XI
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>NCWP 2</td>
<td>Grade X</td>
<td>Grade X
</td>
<td rowspan="2">School board and sector skills council
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>NCWP 1</td>
<td>Grade IX</td>
<td>Grade IX
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>RPL</td>
<td>RPL 2</td>
<td>Grade VIII</td>
<td>Grade VIII
</td>
<td rowspan="2">NIOS/State Open Schools and SSC
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>RPL</td>
<td>RPL 1</td>
<td>Grade V</td>
<td>Grade V
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ireland">Ireland</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Framework_of_Qualifications" title="National Framework of Qualifications">National Framework of Qualifications</a> is the framework used in Ireland.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Kenya">Kenya</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In December 2014 the Parliament of Kenya passed the Kenya National Qualifications Framework Act to establish a "national system for the articulation, classification, registration, quality assurance, and the monitoring and evaluation of national qualifications".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The New Zealand Qualifications Framework, administered by the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Qualifications_Authority" title="New Zealand Qualifications Authority">New Zealand Qualifications Authority</a>, covers qualifications in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> in New Zealand.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Pakistan">Pakistan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The National Qualifications Framework of Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> covers qualifications from pre-<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary</a> to doctoral degrees in eight levels,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> taking in academic and vocational education. Higher education, corresponding to levels five to eight, is covered by the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications of Pakistan, administered by the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_Education_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Higher Education Commission (Pakistan)">Higher Education Commission of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>Sources
</p><p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a></span> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=242887&set=0058D22B8C_1_128&gp=1&lin=1&ll=1">license statement/permission</a>). Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002428/242887e.pdf"><i>Level-setting and recognition of learning outcomes: The use of level descriptors in the twenty-first century​</i></a>, 10, 12-13, Keevey, James; Chakroun, Borhene, UNESCO. UNESCO.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_qualifications_framework&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=Qualifications%20Framework">"Qualifications Framework"</a>. <i>UNESCO-UNEVOC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO-UNEVOC&rft.atitle=Qualifications+Framework&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.unevoc.unesco.org%2Fgo.php%3Fq%3DQualifications%2520Framework&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKeevyChakroun2015" class="citation book cs1">Keevy, James; Chakroun, Borhene (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002428/242887e.pdf"><i>Level-setting and recognition of learning outcomes: The use of level descriptors in the twenty-first century</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Paris, UNESCO. pp. 10, 12–13. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100138-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100138-3"><bdi>978-92-3-100138-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Level-setting+and+recognition+of+learning+outcomes%3A+The+use+of+level+descriptors+in+the+twenty-first+century&rft.pages=10%2C+12-13&rft.pub=Paris%2C+UNESCO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100138-3&rft.aulast=Keevy&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Chakroun%2C+Borhene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0024%2F002428%2F242887e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Potential_and_preparation-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Potential_and_preparation_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potential_and_preparation_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051218/lead/lead6.html">Jamaica Gleaner News - Potential and preparation - Sunday | December 18, 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908052221/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051218/lead/lead6.html">Archived</a> 8 September 2012 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-New_CXC_programme_in_2007-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_CXC_programme_in_2007_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051029t170000-0500_91362_obs_new_cxc_programme_in_____.asp">New CXC programme in 2007 - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628015921/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20051029t170000-0500_91362_obs_new_cxc_programme_in_____.asp">Archived</a> 28 June 2009 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Officials_to_discuss_vocational_training-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Officials_to_discuss_vocational_training_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070209/news/news4.html">Jamaica Gleaner News - Officials to discuss vocational training - Friday | February 9, 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908052257/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070209/news/news4.html">Archived</a> 8 September 2012 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070216/carib/carib1.html">"Full free movement of Caribbean nationals by the year 2009"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+free+movement+of+Caribbean+nationals+by+the+year+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fold.jamaica-gleaner.com%2Fgleaner%2F20070216%2Fcarib%2Fcarib1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/business/html/20070213t190000-0500_119067_obs_caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills.asp">Caricom discusses vocational standards for free movement of skills - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628030748/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/business/html/20070213t190000-0500_119067_obs_caricom_discusses_vocational_standards_for_free_movement_of_skills.asp">Archived</a> 28 June 2009 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CVQ_launched-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CVQ_launched_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres258_07.jsp">Launch of the Caribbean Vocational Qualification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150726123827/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres258_07.jsp">Archived</a> 26 July 2015 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CXC:_CVQ-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CXC:_CVQ_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CXC:_CVQ_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cxc.org/?q=examinations/exams/cvq">Caribbean Examinations Council: Caribbean Vocational Qualification</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CVQ_Framework-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CVQ_Framework_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soeconferences.com/sites/default/files/PA4%20Caribbean%20Vocational%20Qualifications%20Framework%20-%20Dunn-Smith.pdf">Caribbean Vocational Qualifications Framework</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050429/http://www.soeconferences.com/sites/default/files/PA4%20Caribbean%20Vocational%20Qualifications%20Framework%20-%20Dunn-Smith.pdf">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303054901/http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAR/MatxMarch16_2005.asp">SICE - CARICOM - Establishment of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy: Status of Key Elements</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fundiconnect.co.za/nqf-levels-whats-that-stuff-about/">"Ultimate Guide to NQF Levels | FundiConnect"</a>. 18 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ultimate+Guide+to+NQF+Levels+%7C+FundiConnect&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Ffundiconnect.co.za%2Fnqf-levels-whats-that-stuff-about%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/documents/national-qualifications-framework-act">"National Qualifications Framework Act 67 of 2008 | South African Government"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=National+Qualifications+Framework+Act+67+of+2008+%7C+South+African+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fdocuments%2Fnational-qualifications-framework-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/compare-different-qualification-levels">"Compare different qualifications"</a>. <i>Gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.uk&rft.atitle=Compare+different+qualifications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fwhat-different-qualification-levels-mean%2Fcompare-different-qualification-levels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CQFW-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CQFW_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.wales/topics/educationandskills/qualificationsinwales/creditqualificationsframework/?lang=en">"Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Credit+and+Qualifications+Framework+for+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fgov.wales%2Ftopics%2Feducationandskills%2Fqualificationsinwales%2Fcreditqualificationsframework%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/changes-to-qualifications-regulation-in-northern-ireland">"Changes to qualifications regulation in Northern Ireland"</a>. Ofqual. 5 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+to+qualifications+regulation+in+Northern+Ireland&rft.pub=Ofqual&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fchanges-to-qualifications-regulation-in-northern-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nsda1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsda1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsda.gov.in/nsqf.html">National Skills Qualification Framework of NSDA</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Skill_Development_Agency" title="National Skill Development Agency">NSDA</a>, accessed 8 July 2021.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-nsda2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsda2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsda.gov.in/assets/documents/nsqf/NSQF%20Gazette%20Notification.pdf">NSQF notification</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India" title="The Gazette of India">The Gazette of India</a>, accessed 8 July 2021.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/EXECUTIVE%20ORDER_new.pdf">Architecture of the NVEQF</a>, Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development, New Delhi, dated 3 September 2012, p-7</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/KenyaNationalQualificationsFrameworkAct2014.pdf">"Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 171"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>kenyalaw.org/</i>. National Council for Law Reporting Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kenyalaw.org%2F&rft.atitle=Kenya+Gazette+Supplement+No.+171&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fkenyalaw.org%2Fkl%2Ffileadmin%2Fpdfdownloads%2FActs%2FKenyaNationalQualificationsFrameworkAct2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/studying-in-new-zealand/understand-nz-quals/nzqf/">"New Zealand Qualifications Framework - Te Taura Here Tohu Mātauranga o Aotearoa"</a>. <i>nzqa.govt.nz/</i>. New Zealand Qualifications Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzqa.govt.nz%2F&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Qualifications+Framework+-+Te+Taura+Here+Tohu+M%C4%81tauranga+o+Aotearoa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.nzqa.govt.nz%2Fstudying-in-new-zealand%2Funderstand-nz-quals%2Fnzqf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPAKISTAN" class="citation web cs1">PAKISTAN, HEC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf">"NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK OF PAKISTAN"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>HEC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HEC&rft.atitle=NATIONAL+QUALIFICATIONS+FRAMEWORK+OF+PAKISTAN&rft.aulast=PAKISTAN&rft.aufirst=HEC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.hec.gov.pk%2Fenglish%2Fservices%2Funiversities%2Fpqf%2FDocuments%2FNational%2520Qualification%2520Framework%2520of%2520Pakistan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf">"PQF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PQF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.hec.gov.pk%2Fenglish%2Fservices%2Funiversities%2Fpqf%2FDocuments%2FNational%2520Qualification%2520Framework%2520of%2520Pakistan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/pqf/Documents/National%20Qualification%20Framework%20of%20Pakistan.pdf">"National Qualifications Framework of Pakistan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2015. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Qualifications+Framework+of+Pakistan&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.hec.gov.pk%2Fenglish%2Fservices%2Funiversities%2Fpqf%2FDocuments%2FNational%2520Qualification%2520Framework%2520of%2520Pakistan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+qualifications+framework" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1719825588' |
