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'{{Spanish city | image_skyline = Huelva, Spain location.png| image_skyline_size = 250px| image_skyline_caption = | native_name = Huelva| spanish_name = Huelva| nickname = | city_motto = Portus Maris et Terrae Custodia| city_motto_means = | image_flag = Flag of the City of Huelva (official).PNG| image_flag_size = 135px| image_coat_of_arms = Escudo_de_Huelva1.svg| image_coat_of_arms_size = 90px| image_city_map = Map_of_Huelva.png| image_city_map_size = 250px| image_city_map_caption = Location of Huelva| lat_long = | time_zone = | time_zone_summer = | founded = | native_language = Spanish| community = Andalusia| community_link = Andalusia| province = Huelva| province_link = Huelva (province)| comarca = | comarca_link = | divisions = | neighborhoods = | mayor = Pedro Rodríguez González| political_party = PP| political_party_link = People's Party| area = 149| altitude = 54| population = 145.763| date-population = 2007| population-ranking = | density = 978,28| date-density = 2007| website = http://www.huelva.es/| postal_code = | area_code = | }} '''Huelva''' is a city in southwestern [[Spain]], the capital of the [[Huelva (province)|province of Huelva]] in the autonomous region of [[Andalusia]]. It is located along the [[Gulf of Cadiz]] coast, at the confluence of the [[Odiel river|Odiel]] and [[Rio Tinto (River)|Rio Tinto]] rivers. According to the [[2005]] [[census]], the city has a population of 145,150 inhabitants. ==Location and history== [[Image:Huelva ciudad 019.jpg|thumb|left|340px|Port of Huelva]] A maritime town between the rivers Anas (modern [[Guadiana]]) and Baetis (modern [[Guadalquivir]]), it was seated on the estuary of the river Luxia (modern Odiel), and on the road from the mouth of the Anas to Augusta Emerita (modern [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]]).<ref>''[[Antonine Itinerary]]'' p. 431.)</ref> The city may be the site of [[Tartessus]]; by the [[Phoenicians]] it was called '''Onoba'''. The [[Greeks]] kept the name and rendered it {{polytonic|Ὄνοβα}}. It was in the hands of the [[Turdetani]] at the time of conquest by [[Rome]], and before the conquest it issued silver coins with Iberian legends. It was called both '''Onoba Aestuaria'''<ref>[[Greek language|Greek]]: {{polytonic|Ὄνοβα Αἰστουάρια}}, [[Ptolemy]], ii. 4. § 5.</ref> or '''Onuba''' (used on coinage) during Roman times, or, simply, '''Onoba'''.<ref>[[Strabo]], iii. p. 143, [[Pomponius Mela]], iii. 1. § 5.</ref> The city was incorporated into the Roman province of [[Hispania Baetica]]. The [[Arabs]] then called it '''Walbah''' and ruled between 712-1250. It suffered substantial damage in the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]]. There are still some Roman remains. The city had a mint; and many coins have been found there bearing the name of the town as Onuba.<ref>[[Enrique Florez]], ''Med.'' ii. pp. 510, 649; Théodore Edme Mionnet, i. p. 23, Suppl. p. 39; Sestini, ''Med. Isp.'' p. 75, ''ap.'' [[Friedrich August Ukert]], vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 340.</ref> [[Image:Barrio Obrero Huelva.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Queen Victoria Neighborhood]] In 1938 during the Spanish Civil War, the mayor of the city turned over the civil administration to Stalin’s International Brigade. Their first act was to torture and shoot all the priests of the city. The nuns of Huelva were stripped naked and driven into the streets to provide sport for the International Brigade and were all shot in cold blood. ==Climate== {{Infobox Weather |metric_first=yes |single_line=yes |location=Huelva |Jan_Hi_°C = 15 |Feb_Hi_°C = 16 |Mar_Hi_°C = 18 |Apr_Hi_°C = 19 |May_Hi_°C = 20 |Jun_Hi_°C = 25 |Jul_Hi_°C = 29 |Aug_Hi_°C = 30 |Sep_Hi_°C = 27 |Oct_Hi_°C = 22 |Nov_Hi_°C = 18 |Dec_Hi_°C = 15 |Year_Hi_°C = 21 |Jan_Lo_°C = 8 |Feb_Lo_°C = 9 |Mar_Lo_°C = 10 |Apr_Lo_°C = 12 |May_Lo_°C = 14 |Jun_Lo_°C = 17 |Jul_Lo_°C = 20 |Aug_Lo_°C = 21 |Sep_Lo_°C = 19 |Oct_Lo_°C = 15 |Nov_Lo_°C = 11 |Dec_Lo_°C = 9 |Year_Lo_°C = 14 |Jan_MEAN_°C = 11 |Feb_MEAN_°C = 12 |Mar_MEAN_°C = 14 |Apr_MEAN_°C = 16 |May_MEAN_°C = 18 |Jun_MEAN_°C = 22 |Jul_MEAN_°C = 25 |Aug_MEAN_°C = 25 |Sep_MEAN_°C = 23 |Oct_MEAN_°C = 19 |Nov_MEAN_°C = 15 |Dec_MEAN_°C = 12 |Year_MEAN_°C = 18 |Jan_Precip_days = 6 |Feb_Precip_days = 6 |Mar_Precip_days = 6 |Apr_Precip_days = 7 |May_Precip_days = 4 |Jun_Precip_days = 2 |Jul_Precip_days = 0 |Aug_Precip_days = 1 |Sep_Precip_days = 2 |Oct_Precip_days = 5 |Nov_Precip_days = 6 |Dec_Precip_days = 8 |Year_Precip_days = 53 |source = Weatherbase<ref name="Weatherbase">{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=38380&refer=&units=metric |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Huelva |dateformat=mdy |accessdate=}}</ref> |accessdate = }} ==Modern Huelva== The local football (soccer) team, [[Recreativo de Huelva]], is the oldest in Spain; it was founded in [[1889]] by workers of [[Rio Tinto Group]], a British mining company. === Port === In the present time the Port of Huelva is located like one of the Spanish ports of greater activity, competitiveness and growth. It is divided in two sectors: the inner port (in the city) and the outer port (the main one) Inner port (a wharf). Constructed in [[1972]], the East Wharf, replaced constructed harbor facilities of inferior quality between 1900 and 1910. At the moment it is the wharf of the city that smaller traffic has but, to the most centric being, is considered like the authentic port of Huelva. It emphasizes a small limited zone in which is the Wharf of the Canoes and that connects Huelva with Shady End in summer by means of a tourist boat and the English garages of locomotives. Also it is necessary to as much emphasize in this complex the market as the Shipyards of Huelva, in the zone from the entrance to the city by the bridge siphon. Outer port (six wharves). In 1965, after the first concessions of the Industrial Pole the works of the Outer Port begin or New Port, to the south of the Tinto River. They began with the Oil Wharf of Tower River sand, culminating itself with the Engineer Wharf Juan Gonzalo, constructed between [[1972]] and [[1975]]. At the end of years 1960 it is finished to the construction of the Bridges of the Red (1967) and Siphon of Shady End (1969). The Wharves of Tharsis and Río Tinto and the old Fishing boat lost their old activity. In this way, the transference of activity towards the Outer Port experiences a decisive impulse and in 1975, agreeing with the extension of the Industrial estate of the New Port, in Woods of the Border, the Port obtains an extension of its Zone on watch in the Outer Port, consolidating the character of that zone like present and future axis of the harbor activity of Huelva. This situation was confirmed still more with the construction in 1981 of the Dock Juan Carlos I. This same development has taken to the port towards the south and has modified the paper of the East Wharf, that it has now as main traffic the fishing and the movement of clean merchandise, like the paper paste, the copper anodes and cathodes and the tripolifosfatos. At the moment his President is D. Jose Antonio Marín Rite, before President of the Parliament Andalusian, and his director, prestigious engineer D. Enrique Perez ==Demographics== Huelva has a population of 146,173 ([[INE España|INE]] [[2007]]). The city experienced a population boom in the 19th century, due to the exploitation of mineral resources in the area and another due to the construction of the Polo de Desarrollo in the 1960s. The city had only 5,377 inhabitants in 1787 which had only risen to 8,519 by 1857. From 1887, the city experienced rapid growth reaching 21,539 residents in 1900 and 56,427 forty years later. By 1970 this figure had risen to 96,689. Further rapid expansion occurred and the number of inhabitants had reached 144,479 by 1991. In the last ten years, immigration both from abroad and from the surrounding area have caused continued growth in the city’s population. In 2007, the city breached the 145,000 barrier whilst the metropolitan area was touching 221,000, encompassing the surrounding areas of [[Aljaraque]], [[Moguer]], [[San Juan del Puerto, Spain|San Juan del Puerto]], [[Punta Umbría]], [[Gibraleón]] and [[Palos de la Frontera]]. The 2006 census noted a foreign population of almost 5,000 people in the urban centre, the majority of whom were of Moroccan origin. ==Christopher Columbus== Among the attractions to visit in this province are the [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus sites]] . These sites include the city of Huelva itself, [[Moguer]], [[Palos de la Frontera]], and the [[Monasterio de La Rábida (La Rabida Monastery)|Rábida Monastery]]. La Rábida is where Columbus sought the aid of the Franciscan brothers in advancing his project of discovery. They introduced him to local rich sailors (the [[The Pinzon Brothers|Pinzón brothers]]), and, eventually, arranged a meeting in Seville with [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]]. Thanks to those meetings, Christopher was able to arrange his first voyage, using resources and local crew (including ship captains). There is a persistent legend that Columbus received advice on how best to undertake a western passage by speaking with [[Alonso Sánchez]], a sailor from the city of Huelva. In the Huelva area, Columbus exchanged ideas, explored competing theories, and, after a time, put together the political and economic support that had been previously denied to him by other European monarchies. ==Artists== [[Image:PlateroMoguer.jpg|thumb|150px|<small>Platero for [[León Ortega]]. [[Juan Ramón Jiménez|Museum J.R. Jiménez]], [[Moguer]].</small>]] [[Image:Huelva Spain 08.jpg|thumb|left|<small>[[Daniel Vázquez Díaz|Vázquez Díaz]], Fresco in [[La Rabida Monastery]], [[Palos de la Frontera]].</small>]] The most outstanding artists in Huelva have been: the poet and prize Nobel of Literature [[Juan Ramón Jiménez]], the sculptor [[Antonio León Ortega]], the writer [[Nicolas Tenorio Cerero]] and the painter [[Daniel Vázquez Díaz]].</br> Other plastic outstanding artists of Huelva are painting José Caballero, Pedro Gómez y Gómez, Antonio Brunt, Mateo Orduña Castellano, Pablo Martínez Coto, Manuel Moreno Díaz, Juan Manuel Seisdedos Romero, Francisco Doménech, Esperanza Abot, José María Labrador, Sebastián García Vázquez, Pilar Barroso, Juan Carlos Castro Crespo, Lola Martín, Antonio Gómez Feu, Rafael Aguilera and Florencio Aguilera Correa.</br> [[Image:HermanosPinzon.jpg|thumb|Statue of the Pinzón Brothers in Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain]] == Events == * Carnaval, fiesta * Festival de Cine [http://www.festicinehuelva.com/] * Fiestas Colombinas, fiesta first week of August * Fiestas de la Cinta, between 3 - 8 September * San Sebastián, festival Jan 20th * Semana Santa (Easter Week) * Virgen de la Cinta, fiesta September 8 * El Rocio ==Nearby== Near Huelva lay [[Herculis Insula]], mentioned by [[Strabo]] (iii. p. 170), called {{polytonic|Ἡράκλεια}} by [[Stephanus of Byzantium|Steph. B.]] (''s. v.''), now [[Isla Saltés]]. == Twin towns - Sister cities == Huelva is [[town twinning|twinned]] with: * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Genoa]] in [[Italy]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]] in [[United States of America]] ==References== *{{SmithDGRG}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Andalusia]] *[[Costa de la Luz]] ==External links== *[http://www.sierradearacena.net/ Información sobre la Sierra de Aracena] *[http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadistica/sima/htm/sm21041.htm Huelva] - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía * [http://www.andalucia.com/cities/huelva.htm City of Huelva] Andalucia Destination * [http://www.huelva.es/ Huelva municipal government] Official Website {{es icon}} * [http://www.visithuelva.com/travelguides/index.htm A Travel Guide to Huelva] (English) ** City Street Guide [http://www.huelva.es/ciudad/puerta/web/g1.htm] * [http://www.andalucia.com/cities/huelva.htm City of Huelva] Andalucia Destination * [http://www.huelvahoy.com/ Huelva Hoy] Daily Events in Spanish * [http://www.huelvacultura.com/default.htm Huelva Cultura] in Spanish * [http://www.puertohuelva.com/index.asp?idioma=ENG Port Authority of Huelva] Official web page with information about the port, its history and technical characteristics. * Maps [http://www.andalucia.com/maps/huelva.htm][http://www.justspain.org/spain/huelva/huelva-maps.asp][http://www.huelva.es/callejero/index.html] * Local Writers [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/cultura/opencms/export/bibliotecas/bibhuelva/informlocal/guiacompletadeautores.html] in Spanish *[http://es.geocities.com/santabarbaradecasa/ Santa Bárbara de casa Huelva] *[http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/Spain/Andalucia/Rabida/Rabida.htm Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace - Convento de la Rábida Photo and History page] *{{es}}[http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7419 Doñana Natural Park] *{{es}}[http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7420 Sierra de Aracena Natural Park] {{Municipalities in Huelva}} {{coord|37|15|N|6|57|W|region:ES_type:city|display=title}} [[Category:Ancient mints]] [[Category:Huelva province]] [[Category:Municipalities in Huelva]] [[Category:Phoenician colonies in Spain]] [[Category:Roman sites in Spain]] {{Link FA|es}} <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> [[ar:ولبة]] [[an:Uelba]] [[ast:Huelva]] [[ca:Huelva]] [[cs:Huelva]] [[da:Huelva]] [[de:Huelva]] [[es:Huelva]] [[eo:Onubo]] [[eu:Huelva]] [[fa:هوئلبا]] [[fr:Huelva]] [[gl:Huelva]] [[hr:Huelva (grad)]] [[id:Huelva]] [[it:Huelva]] [[ht:Huelva (Huelva)]] [[ka:უელვა]] [[lad:Huelva]] [[lt:Huelva]] [[nl:Huelva (stad)]] [[ja:ウエルバ]] [[oc:Huelva]] [[pl:Huelva]] [[pt:Huelva]] [[ro:Huelva]] [[ru:Уэльва]] [[simple:Huelva]] [[fi:Huelva]] [[kab:Huelva]] [[vi:Huelva]] [[tr:Huelva]]'