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'{{redirect|Almeria}} [[Image:Escudo ciudad de Almería.svg|thumb|right|200px]] <!-- Infobox begins -->{{Infobox City |official_name = Almería, Andalusia, Spain |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = Bandera_de_Almería.svg |image_seal = Escudo_ciudad_de_Almería.svg |image_map = Almeria, Spain location.png |mapsize = |map_caption = |subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous Communities|Community]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of municipalities in Almería|Municipality]] |subdivision_name = [[Spain]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Andalusia]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Almería (province)|Almería]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Luis Rogelio Rodríguez-Comendador Pérez]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]) |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 295 |area_total_sq_mi = 113.9 |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2007 |population_note = |population_total = 189798 |population_metro = |population_urban = |population_density_km2 = 615.9 |population_density_sq_mi = 1595.3 |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |latd=36 |latm=50 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=27 |longs= |longEW=W |elevation_m = 23 |elevation_ft = 76 |website = |footnotes = }} <!-- Infobox ends --> '''Almería''' is the capital of the [[Almería (province)|province of Almería]], [[Spain]]. It is located in southeastern Spain on the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. ==History== The name "Almería" المراية stems from ''Al-Mariyat'': "The Mirror", in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], comparing it to the "The Mirror of the Sea". The city was founded by [[Abd ar-Rahman III]] of [[Caliph of Cordoba|Cordoba]], in 955, as a principal harbor in his extensive domain to strengthen his Mediterranean defenses. Its [[Moorish]] castle, ''[[Alcazaba]]'', is the second largest among the Muslim fortresses of [[Andalusia]] after the [[Alhambra]]. In this period, the port city of Almería reached its historical peak, continuing, after the fragmentation of the [[Caliph of Cordoba|Caliphate of Cordoba]], under powerful local Muslim ''[[taifa]]'' emirs like [[Jairan]], the first independent Emir of [[Taifa of almeria|Almería]] and [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]] and [[Almotacin]] the poet emir, both fearless warriors but also patrons of the arts. A silk industry, based upon plantings of mulberry trees in the hot dry landscape supported Almería in the 11th century and made its strategic harbour an even more valuable prize. Contested by the emirs of [[Granada]] and [[Valencia (taifa)|Valencia]], Almería suffered many sieges, and one especially fierce when Christians, called to the [[Second Crusade]] by [[Pope Eugene III]], were also encouraged to fall upon the Muslim 'infidel' on a more familiar coast. On that occasion [[Alfonso VII]], at the head of mixed forces of Catalans, Genoese, Pisans and Franks led a crusade against the rich city, and Almería was occupied in October 1147. Within a decade it had passed to the control of the puritanical [[Almoravid]] emirs, and though its glorious culture was diminished, not until the late 15th century did it fall permanently into Christian hands, surrendered to the [[Catholic Monarchs]], [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]], [[December 26]] [[1489]]. ''See: [[List of Almería Kings]]'' The 16th century was for Almería a century of natural and human catastrophes, for there were at least four [[earthquakes]]&mdash; of which the one in 1522 was especially violent&mdash; devastating the city. The people who had remained Muslim were expelled from Almería after the [[Alpujarras|War of Las Alpujarras]] in 1568 and scattered across Spain. Landings and attacks by [[Berber people|Berber]] [[pirate]]s were also frequent in that century, and continued until the early 18th century. In that time, huge iron mines were discovered and French and British companies came to settle in the area, bringing renewed prosperity and bringing Almería back to a relative importance within Spain. During the [[Spanish Civil War]] the city was shelled by the German navy, and the front page headlines of the ''Diario de Almeria'', dated June 3, 1937, referred to the press in London and Paris carrying the news of the "criminal bombardment of Almeria by German planes".<ref>Abella, Rafael ''La vida cotidiana durante la guerra civil: la España republicana''. p.254 Editorial Planeta 1975</ref> It and [[Málaga]] were the last Andalusian cities to surrender to [[Francisco Franco]]'s "National Spain" forces. In the second half of the 20th century, Almería witnessed spectacular economic growth due to tourism and intensive agriculture, with plants grown year-round in massive 'invernaderos' - plastic-covered "greenhouses" for intensive vegetable production. After Franco's death and the approval of the new Spanish Constitution, the people of southern Spain were called into referendum to approve an autonomous status for the region. The province of Almeria voted in favour of it and join the newly created autonomous region of [[Andalusia]].{{Dubious|date=November 2008}} ==Demographics== {{Demography 8col|400px| 1999|2000|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|2007| 169,027|168,945|170,994|173,338|176,727|177,681|181,702|189,798}} <small>Source: [http://www.ine.es INE (Spain)]</small> ==People and culture== [[Image:Almeria Puerta de Purchena fcm.jpg|thumb|Puerta Purchena]] Famous natives of Almería include [[Nicolás Salmerón]], who in 1873 was the third president of the [[First Spanish Republic]], and several musicians, like the popular folk singer [[Manolo Escobar]], renowned Flamenco guitar player [[José Tomás "Tomatito"]] and Grammy Award winner [[David Bisbal]], record-breaking album seller in America and Spain. Although administratively annexed to the Autonomous Community of Andalucia, in Southern Spain, some people of the province have shown a clear desire for regional autonomy in different referendums. The island effect produced by the geographical situation has made several customs, accents and history different from the rest of the Autonomous Region of Andalucia. Almería hosted the [[Mediterranean Games]] in 2005. ==Economy== Almería has an international airport, named [[Almería Airport|Almería International Airport]]. Almería has the largest [[naturism|naturist]] [[beach]] in [[Europe]] (also surrounded by [[naturism|naturist]] accommodations) called '''El Playazo''' despite current attempts to reduce the [[naturism|naturist]] extent of it. A great part of Almería's economy is based on agriculture, which is located mainly in the west part of the region. There we can find a [http://www.portal-cifi.com/scifi/images/noticias/Almeria_ISS_Ir_invernaderos.jpg sea of plastics], which are in fact green houses which produce tons of fruit and vegetables, more than 70% of the product is exported to the rest of Europe. ==Transportation== Almeria is communicated by land sea and air. By land, to Almeria can be reached by the A-7 Mediterranean Highway, which connects the Mediterranean area and Spanish A-92 that unites it with the rest of Andalusia. By sea, the port of Almeria has lines to Melilla, Algeria and Morocco, also being scale of tourist cruises in the Mediterranean. Likewise also owns a marina with moorings for pleasure boats. Currently the port of Almeria is being expanded with new docks also transform into a container port which make large-scale international shipping and thereby increase its freight traffic. It normally cover lines with the following destinations: [[Trasmediterranea]]: Ghazaouet (Algeria), [[Oran]] (Algeria), Nador ([[Morocco]]). and [[Melilla]]. Comarit - Nador. Comanav - Nador. By air, Almeria has Almeria International Airport which is the fourth largest in Andalusia and with domestic and international flights, mainly [[Amsterdam]], [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Melilla]], [[London]], [[Manchester]], [[Birmingham]], [[Brussels]], [[Vienna]] and cities Swiss, German and EU level. The airlines working with the Mediterranean city are as follows: [[Air Berlin]], [[Air Nostrum]], [[Air Europa]], [[Ryanair]], [[EasyJet]], [[Jet2]], [[Condor]], [[Spanair]], [[Austrian Airlines]], [[Monarch Airlines]], [[First Choice Airways]], [[Thomas Cook]] ==Geography and Climate== Almería is the driest region in Europe as well as one of the warmest with an average annual [[temperature]] of 19 degrees [[Celsius]] and has some 330 days of sun per year on average. Due to its arid landscape, numerous [[spaghetti western]]s were filmed in Almería. According to Christopher Frayling, the author of ''Once Upon A Time in Italy: The Films of [[Sergio Leone]]'', some of the sets are still there.<ref>http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4780340</ref> These sets are located in the desert of [[Tabernas]]. The town and region were also used by [[David Lean]] in ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' (1962), [[John Milius]] in ''[[The Wind and the Lion]]'' (1975), and others. One of Almería's most famous natural spots is the [[Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park]]. This park is of volcanic origin, and is the largest and most ecologically significant marine-terrestrial space in the European Western [[Mediterranean Sea]]. With one of the most beautiful and ecologically rich coasts of the western Mediterranean and an area of 380 square kilometres it is one of Spain’s natural jewels. The Cabo de Gata Natural Park runs through the municipal areas of [[Níjar]], Almería and [[Carboneras]]. Its villages, previously dedicated to [[fishing]], have become [[tourism]] spots for those interested in nature. One of the greatest draws of the Cabo de Gata Natural Park is its beaches. During the winter the weather is comfortable and fairly dry and daily temperatures are usually between 15-20°C (59-68°F). Nightly temperatures during the winter rarely fall below 10°C (50°F). During the summer it rarely drops below 30°C (86°F). Temperatures during the heat of the day can exceed 35°C (95°F). 40°C (104°F) can be reached during most summers. Nightly temperatures during the summer are usually between 22-26°C (72-80°F). The highest recorded temperature was 44.2°C (112.0°F) on the 30.7.1981 and the lowest recorded was -1.2°C (29.8°F) on the 13.2.1983. <!--Infobox begins--> {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line=yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric and imperial units on same line.--> |location=Almeria Airport |Jan_Hi_°C =17 |Jan_REC_Hi_°C =26 <!--REC temps are optional; use sparely--> |Feb_Hi_°C =18 |Feb_REC_Hi_°C =27 |Mar_Hi_°C =20 |Mar_REC_Hi_°C =32 |Apr_Hi_°C =22 |Apr_REC_Hi_°C =35 |May_Hi_°C =24 |May_REC_Hi_°C =37 |Jun_Hi_°C =27 |Jun_REC_Hi_°C =41 |Jul_Hi_°C =31 |Jul_REC_Hi_°C =44 |Aug_Hi_°C =31 |Aug_REC_Hi_°C =44 |Sep_Hi_°C =28 |Sep_REC_Hi_°C =40 |Oct_Hi_°C =24 |Oct_REC_Hi_°C =35 |Nov_Hi_°C =21 |Nov_REC_Hi_°C =31 |Dec_Hi_°C =18 |Dec_REC_Hi_°C =29 |Year_Hi_°C =23 |Year_REC_Hi_°C =44 |Jan_Lo_°C =9 |Jan_REC_Lo_°C =3 |Feb_Lo_°C =11 |Feb_REC_Lo_°C =-1 |Mar_Lo_°C =13 |Mar_REC_Lo_°C =5 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_REC_Lo_°C =7 |May_Lo_°C =17 |May_REC_Lo_°C =10 |Jun_Lo_°C =19 |Jun_REC_Lo_°C =14 |Jul_Lo_°C =22 |Jul_REC_Lo_°C =16 |Aug_Lo_°C =23 |Aug_REC_Lo_°C =16 |Sep_Lo_°C =20 |Sep_REC_Lo_°C =12 |Oct_Lo_°C =17 |Oct_REC_Lo_°C =10 |Nov_Lo_°C =13 |Nov_REC_Lo_°C =7 |Dec_Lo_°C =10 |Dec_REC_Lo_°C =4 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Year_REC_Lo_°C =-1 |Jan_Precip_inch =0.7 |Feb_Precip_inch =0.3 |Mar_Precip_inch =0.4 |Apr_Precip_inch =0.8 |May_Precip_inch =0.2 |Jun_Precip_inch =0.1 |Jul_Precip_inch =0 |Aug_Precip_inch =0 |Sep_Precip_inch =0.3 |Oct_Precip_inch =1 |Nov_Precip_inch =1.1 |Dec_Precip_inch =0.8 |Year_Precip_inch =5.7 }}<!--Infobox ends--> == Sister cities == * {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Melilla]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Navojoa]], [[Mexico]] ==Crystal Cave== In 2000, a team of geologists found a [http://www.exn.ca/Stories/2000/06/12/54.asp cave filled with giant gypsum crystals] in an abandoned silver mine near Almería. The cavity, which measures 1.8x1.7 meters, would be the largest [[geode]] ever found. The entrance of the cave has been blocked by five tons of rocks, and is under police protection (to prevent looters from entering). According to geological models, the cave was formed during the [[Messinian salinity crisis]] 6 million years ago, when the Mediterranean sea evaporated and left thick layers of salt sediments ([[evaporites]]). The cave is currently not accessible to tourists. {{commons|Category:Almería}} ==Photographs== <gallery> Image:2007-12-18-04645 Spain Almeria Alcazaba.jpg|Alcazaba - Inner Courtyard Image:2007-12-18-04706-02 Spain Almeria.jpg|Almeria - from Alcazaba Image:2007-12-18-04668 Spain Almeria Alcazaba.jpg|Almeria - from Alcazaba </gallery> == See also == * [[Solar Almeria Platform]] ==References== {{Reflist}}<!--added above External links/Sources by script-assisted edit--> ==External links== * [http://www.spain.info/TourSpain/Destinos/TipoII/Datos+Generales/A/BH/0/almeria?language=en TourSpain Almeria] * {{Es icon}} [http://www.a2000.es/almeria/otros/princip.htm Ayuntamiento de Almería] * {{Es icon}} [http://www.hernandezrabal.com/espana/andalucia/almeria/almeriac.htm Almería, Historia y Turismo] * [http://hms-spain.com/en/gallery/ images and information about the Almería area] * [http://www.maps.data-spain.com Maps of Almería] * {{Es icon}} [http://www.udalmeriasad.com Almería Football Club] * [http://www.almeria2005.es/cgi-bin/Almeria2005_ING.asp?idTraduccion=1510 "Almería's History"] * [http://www.almeriaclips.com Almeriaclips - Videos musicales rodados en Almería - Music videos shot in Almería] * {{Es icon}} [http://www.aytoalmeria.es Almería] - Diputación Provincial de Almería * {{es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7406 Cabo de Gata - Níjar Natural Park] * [http://www.almeria-classifieds.com Businesses of Almeria] {{Municipalities in Almería}} {{Costas}} [[Category:955 establishments]] [[Category:Municipalities in Almería]] [[Category:Almería province]] [[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Spain]] [[Category:Muslim history]] [[ar:المرية]] [[an:Almería]] [[ast:Almería]] [[ca:Almeria]] [[cs:Almería]] [[da:Almería]] [[de:Almería]] [[et:Almería]] [[el:Αλμερία]] [[es:Almería]] [[eo:Almerio]] [[ext:Almeria]] [[eu:Almería]] [[fr:Almería]] [[gl:Almería]] [[hr:Almería (grad)]] [[id:Almeria]] [[ie:Almería]] [[it:Almería]] [[ht:Almería (Almería)]] [[lad:Almeria]] [[lt:Almerija]] [[nl:Almería (stad)]] [[ja:アルメリア]] [[no:Almería]] [[oc:Almeria]] [[pl:Almería]] [[pt:Almeria]] [[ro:Almería]] [[ru:Альмерия]] [[sl:Almeria (mesto)]] [[sr:Алмерија]] [[fi:Almería]] [[sv:Almería]] [[vi:Almería]] [[tr:Almería]] [[uk:Альмерія]] [[zh:阿尔梅里亚]]'