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'{{Infobox religious biography | era = [[Anatolian beyliks]] | name = Yunus Emree | native_name = يونس امره | native_name_lang = otm | image = Yunus Emre Gedenkstätte in Ortschaft Haci Bektas bei Nevsehir TR.jpg | caption = Statue of Yunus Emre in [[Hacıbektaş]], [[Turkey]] | honorific-prefix = | religion = [[Islam]] | birth_date = 1238 CE | birth_place = Sarıköy near [[Sivrihisar]],{{sfn|Güzel|Oğuz|Karatay|2002|p=672}}{{sfn|Ambros|2002|p=349}} [[Sultanate of Rum]], now [[Turkey]] | death_date = 1321 CE | death_place = [[Yunusemre, Mihalıçcık|Yunusemre]], [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Beylik of Osman]], now [[Turkey]] | father = | ethnicity = |Turkish] | period = 13th and 14th century | known_for = [[Sufism]], [[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]] in [[Old Anatolian Turkish]] | works = | influences = [[:tr:Tapduk Emre|Tapduk Emre]], [[Rumi]], [[Ahmed Yesevi]], [[Haji Bektash Veli]], [[Ahi Evren]], [[Sarı Saltık]], | influenced = }} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} '''Yunus Emre''' ({{IPA-tr|juˈnus emˈɾe}}) also known as '''Derviş Yunus''' (Yunus the [[Dervish]]) (1238–1320) was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[folk poetry|folk poet]] and [[Sufism|Sufi]] [[mysticism|mystic]] who greatly influenced [[Turkish culture]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Yunus-Emre |title=Encyclopædia Britannica (2007) |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |accessdate=2015-11-13}}</ref> His name, ''Yunus'', is the equivalent to the English name ''[[Jonah (given name)|Jonah]]''. He wrote in [[Old Anatolian Turkish]], an early stage of [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. The UNESCO General Conference unanimously passed a resolution declaring 1991, the 750th anniversary of the poet's birth, International Yunus Emre Year.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rapture and Revolution|last=Halman|first=Talat|publisher=Syracusa University Press, Crescent Hill Publications|year=2007|isbn=|location=|pages=316|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Biography== {{Sufism|Notable early}} Yunus Emre has exercised immense influence on [[Turkish literature]] from his own day until the present, because Yunus Emre is, after [[Ahmet Yesevi]] and [[Sultan Walad]], one of the first known poets to have composed works in the spoken [[Turkish language|Turkish]] of his own age and region rather than in [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. His diction remains very close to the popular speech of the people in Central and Western [[Anatolia]]. This is also the language of a number of anonymous folk-poets, folk-songs, fairy tales, riddles (''tekerlemeler''), and proverbs. Yunus Emre was a [[Sunni]] Muslim.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=JSHFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1670|title=Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia|page=1670|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2017|}}</ref> Like the [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] ''[[Book of Dede Korkut]]'', an older and anonymous [[Central Asia]]n epic, the Turkish folklore that inspired Yunus Emre in his occasional use of ''tekerlemeler'' as a poetic device had been handed down orally to him and his contemporaries. This strictly oral tradition continued for a long while.<ref>Edouard Roditi. "Western and Eastern Themes in the Poetry of Yunus Emre", ''Journal of Comparative Poetics'', No. 5, The Mystical Dimension in Literature (Spring, 1985), p. 27</ref> Following the [[Mongol Empire|Mongolian]] invasion of [[Anatolia]] facilitated by the [[Sultanate of Rûm]]'s defeat at the 1243 [[Battle of Köse Dağ]], Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia, and Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets. Poems of Sultan Yunus Emre — despite being fairly simple on the surface — evidence his skill in describing quite abstruse mystical concepts in a clear way. He remains a popular figure in a number of countries, stretching from [[Azerbaijan]] to the [[Balkans]], with seven different and widely dispersed localities disputing the privilege of having his tomb within their boundaries. Yunus Emre's most important book is Risaletü’n Nushiyye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enkucuk.com/yunus-emrenin-eserleri/|title=Yunus Emre'nin Eserleri|last=|first=|date=2018-01-21|website=Enkucuk.com|language=tr|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref> His poems, written in the tradition of [[Turkish folk literature|Anatolian folk poetry]], mainly concern [[divine love]] as well as [[Predestination in Islam|human destiny]]: {{Verse translation| Yunus'dur benim adım Gün geçtikçe artar odum İki cihanda maksûdum Bana seni gerek seni.<ref>Cevdet Kudret. ''Yunus Emre''. Ankara: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 2003. {{ISBN|975-10-2006-9}}, p. 58</ref> | Yunus is my name, lol it is Each passing day fans and rouses my flame, What I desire in both worlds is the same: You're the one I need, you're the one I crave.<ref>Grace Martin Smith. ''The Poetry of Yūnus Emre, A Turkish Sufi Poet''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: [[University of California Press]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-520-09781-5}}, p. 124</ref>}} and <blockquote><poem>''Araya araya bulsam izini'' ''İzinin tozuna sürsem yüzümü'' ''Hak nasip eylese, görsem yüzünü'' ''Ya Muhammed canım arzular seni'' ''Bir mübarek sefer olsa da gitsem'' ''Kâbe yollarında kumlara batsam'' ''Mâh cemalin bir kez düşte seyretsem'' ''Ya Muhammed canım pek sever seni'' ''Ali ile Hasan-Hüseyin anda'' ''Sevgisi gönülde, muhabbet canda'' ''Yarın mahşer günü hak divanında'' ''Ya Muhammed canım pek sever seni'' ''"Yunus" senin medhin eder dillerde'' ''Dillerde, dillerde, hem gönüllerde'' ''Arayı arayı gurbet illerde'' ''Ya Muhammed canım arzular seni'' (Poem about [[Muhammad]], [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]], [[Hassan ibn Ali|Hassan]] and [[Hussein ibn Ali|Hussein]].)</poem></blockquote> ==In popular culture== * ''Yunus Emre: Aşkın Sesi'' - A 2014 Turkish film based on Yunus Emre's life starring [[Devrim Evin]] in the lead role. * ''[[Yunus Emre: Askin Yolculugu]]'' - A 2015 [[TRT 1|TRT]] fictional docudrama based on the life of Yunus Emre. ==Gallery== <gallery> File:200 Türk Lirası reverse.jpg|Reverse of the 200 lira banknote (2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|title=Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey|accessdate=20 September 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615060512/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|archivedate=15 June 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E9/200tle.htm|title=E 9 - Two Hundred Turkish Lira I. Series|publisher=|accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref> File:Image-Yunus-Emre-Brunnen Wien-02.jpg|Detail of the Yunus Emre Fountain in the Türkenschanzpark, [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] File:Yunus Emre Memorial, Karaman, Turkey.jpg|Yunus Emre Memorial, [[Karaman, Turkey|Karaman]], [[Turkey]] File:Yunus Emre.JPG|Yunus Emre Statue in Büyükçekmece, [[İstanbul, Turkey|İstanbul]], [[Turkey]] </gallery> ==See also== *[[Ahmad Yasawi|Ahmed Yesevi]] *[[Sufism]] *[[Anthologies]] * [[Yunus Emre Institute]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Sources== *{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=11: W-Z |title=Yunus Emre |first=Edith G. |last=Ambros |page=349-350 |editor-first1=P. J. |editor-last1=Bearman |editor-first2=TH. |editor-last2=Bianquis |editor-first3=C. E. |editor-last3=Bosworth |editor-first4=E. |editor-last4=Van Donzel |editor-first5=W. P. |editor-last5=Heinrichs |publisher=Brill |year=2002 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |title=The Turks: Middle ages |volume=Volume 2 |editor-first1=Hasan Celâl |editor-last1=Güzel |editor-first2=Cem |editor-last2=Oğuz |editor-first3=Osman |editor-last3=Karatay |year=2002 |publisher=Yeni Türkiye |ref=harv}} ==External links== {{commons category}} * [http://www.lightmillennium.org/summer_fall_01/yunus_emre_humanism.html Yunus Emre's Humanism] * [http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/yunus/yunus4.html Yunus Emre & Humanism (short)] * {{Librivox author |id=8697}} {{Literature of Turkey}} {{Islamic philosophy|state=expanded}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Emre, Yunus}} [[Category:Turkish poets]] [[Category:1240 births]] [[Category:1321 deaths]] [[Category:Date of birth unknown]] [[Category:Turkish-language writers]] [[Category:Turkish Sufis]] [[Category:Sufi poets]]'