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{{Short description|City in Azerbaijan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nakhchivan
| native_name = Naxçıvan
| type = [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|City]]
| image_skyline = NakchivanMontage2021.jpg
|image_caption = Landmarks of Nakhchivan, from top left:<br />[[Garabaghlar Mausoleum]] • [[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans|Khan Palace]]<br />Nakhcivan Hospital • [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum|Momine Khatun]]<br />City Centre • Juma Mosque<br />Feminine Centre • Nakhcivan Mountains
| seal_size = 80px
| image_map = Nakhchivan city in Azerbaijan.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|39|12|58|N|45|24|38|E|region:AZ|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|Autonomous Republic]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]]
| area_total_km2 = 190
| elevation_m = 873
| population_as_of = [[Census in Azerbaijan|2020]]
| population_total = 94500
| population_footnotes = <ref name="statgov">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |title=Population of Azerbaijan |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Nakhchivanly
| timezone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| website = {{URL|ih.nakhchivan.az}}
}}
'''Nakhchivan''' ({{langx|az|Naxçıvan}} {{IPA|az|nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn}}) is the capital and largest city of the eponymous [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], a [[Enclave_and_exclave#True_exclaves|true exclave]] of [[Azerbaijan]], located {{convert|450|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Baku]]. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of [[Əliabad, Nakhchivan|Əliabad]] and the villages of [[Başbaşı]], [[Bulqan]], [[Haciniyyət]], [[Qaraçuq]], [[Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan|Qaraxanbəyli]], [[Tumbul]], [[Qarağalıq]], and [[Daşduz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belediyye.org/index.php?con=qanun&bkod=3637 |title=Belediyye Informasiya Sistemi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924083213/http://www.belediyye.org/index.php?con=qanun&bkod=3637 |archive-date=24 September 2008 |language=az}}</ref> It is spread over the foothills of [[Zangezur Mountains]], on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of {{convert|873|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.
== Toponymy ==
The city's official Azerbaijani spelling is "Nakhchivan" ({{langx|az|Naxçıvan}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azertag.az/xeber/NAXCHIVAN_SAHARINDAKI_HEYDAR_ALIYEV_MADANIYYAT_VA_ISTIRAHAT_PARKINDA_YENIDANQURMA_ISLARI_APARILMISDIR-440051 |title=NAXÇIVAN ŞƏHƏRİNDƏKİ HEYDƏR ƏLİYEV MƏDƏNİYYƏT VƏ İSTİRAHƏT PARKINDA YENİDƏNQURMA İŞLƏRİ APARILMIŞDIR |date=1 May 2009 |work=[[Azerbaijan State News Agency]] |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/11353 |title=Ilham Aliyev attended ceremony to inaugurate Nakhchivan city reservoir and water purification plant complex |date=7 April 2014 |work=[[President of Azerbaijan|President.az]] |publisher=[[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan]] |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=en }}</ref> The name is transliterated from Persian as Nakhjavan ({{langx|fa|نخجوان}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/world-41108682 |title=سی کتابی که مردم جمهوری خودمختار نخجوان 'باید' بخوانند |date=1 September 2017 |work=BBC Persian Service |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=fa }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Dalga |last=Khatina oglu |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/a-52550716 |title=خیز آذربایجان برای رهاندن نخجوان از وابستگی به ایران |date=27 February 2020 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=fa }}</ref> The city's name is transliterated from Russian as Nakhichevan' ({{langx|ru|Нахичевань}}) and from Armenian as Nakhijevan ({{langx|hy|Նախիջևան|Naxiǰewan}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakobyan |first=Tatul |date=17 March 2020 |title=Նախիջևանի կորուստը. մի քանի պատմական իրողություններ |trans-title=The loss of Nakhijevan: some historical facts |url=https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/03/17/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%B4%D5%AB-%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80/378830 |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=CivilNet |language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Babayan |first=Aza |date=15 December 2020 |title=Ադրբեջանն ու Թուրքիան վաղը Իգդիր-Նախիջևան գազատարի վերաբերյալ հուշագիր կստորագրեն |trans-title=Azerbaijan and Turkey will sign a memorandum on the Igdir-Nakhijevan gas pipeline tomorrow |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31001786.html |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=Azatutyun |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=Турецкие военные прибыли в Нахичевань для учений |trans-title=Turkish military arrived in Nakhichevan for exercises |url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3021137.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065050/https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3021137.html |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=[[REGNUM News Agency|REGNUM]] |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2021 |title=Зариф: "Есть реальная перспектива соединения железных дорог Армении и Ирана через Нахичевань" |trans-title=Zarif: "There is a real prospect of connecting the railways of Armenia and Iran through Nakhichevan" |url=https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/31071859.html |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=Эхо Кавказа |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=ru}}</ref>
The city was first mentioned in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]'' as ''Naxuana'' ({{langx|grc|Ναξουὰνα}}, {{langx|la|Naxuana}}).<ref name="Brockhaus">{{in lang|ru}} [https://archive.today/20130703211539/http://brockhaus-efron-encyclopedia.info/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0/138612/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C "Nakhichevan"] in the ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'', St. Petersburg, Russia: 1890–1907.</ref> The older form of the name is ''Naxčawan'' ({{Langx|hy|Նախճաւան}}).<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Hiwbshman |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/HinHayotsTeghwoyAnnunnere |title=Hin Hayotsʻ Teghwoy Anunnerě |publisher=Mkhitʻarean Tparan |year=1907 |location=Vienna |pages=222–223, 385 |language=hy |translator-last=Pilējikchean |translator-first=H. B. |trans-title=Ancient Armenian Place Names |author-link=Heinrich Hübschmann}}</ref> According to philologist [[Heinrich Hübschmann]], the name was originally borne by the city and later given to the surrounding region.<ref name=":3" /> Hübschmann believed the name to be composed of ''Naxič'' or ''Naxuč'' (probably a personal name) and ''awan'', an Armenian word (ultimately of Iranian origin) meaning "place, town".<ref name=":3" />
In the Armenian tradition, the name of the city is connected with the Biblical narrative of [[Noah's Ark]] and interpreted as meaning "place of the first descent" or "first resting place" (as if deriving from {{Langx|hy|[[wiktionary:նախ|նախ]]|lit=first|translit=nax|label=none}} and {{Langx|hy|[[wiktionary:իջեւան|իջեւան]]|lit=abode, resting place|translit=ijewan|label=none}}) due to it being regarded as the site where [[Noah]] descended and settled after the landing of the Ark on nearby [[Mount Ararat]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Hakobyan |first1=T. Kh. |title=Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran |last2=Melik-Bakhshyan |first2=St. T. |last3=Barseghyan |first3=H. Kh. |publisher=Yerevan State University |year=1991 |volume=3 |pages=951–953 |language=hy |trans-title=Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories |chapter=Nakhijevan |chapter-url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=3015}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Hewsen |first=Robert H. |url=https://archive.org/details/TheGeographyOfAnaniasOfSirak |title=The Geography of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhacʻoycʻ): The Long and the Short Recensions |publisher=Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag |year=1992 |isbn=3-88226-485-3 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=189 |author-link=Robert H. Hewsen}}</ref> It was probably under the influence of this tradition that the name changed in Armenian from the older ''Naxčawan'' to ''Naxijewan''.<ref name=":4" /> Although this is a folk etymology, [[William Whiston]] believed Nakhchivan/Nakhijevan to be the ''Apobatērion'' ("place of descent") mentioned by the first-century Jewish historian [[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] in connection with Noah's Ark, which would make the tradition connecting the name with the Biblical figure Noah very old, predating Armenia's conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Josephus2">{{cite web |title=Chapter 3 |url=http://library.untraveledroad.com/Ch/Josephus/Antiquities-Jews/Book1/3.htm |access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":12">[http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt ''Noah's Ark: Its Final Berth''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312030734/http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt|date=March 12, 2008}} by Bill Crouse</ref>
== History ==
=== Classical period ===
In the Armenian tradition, Nakhchivan was founded by [[Noah]] after the [[Genesis flood narrative|Flood]], and was the place of his death and burial.{{Sfn|Lanser|2007}} According to the Armenian historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]], King [[Tigranes I]] of [[Armenia]] settled [[Media (region)|Median]] prisoners of war at Nakhchivan in the second century BC.<ref name="Bosworth" /> Nakhchivan is first mentioned in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geographia]]'' as Naxuana ({{langx|el|Ναξουὰνα|italic=yes}}).<ref name="Bosworth" >Bosworth (2013)</ref>
Nakhchivan was destroyed by ''[[Shah|Shahanshah]]'' [[Shapur II]] in 363 and its Armenian and Jewish population was deported to Iran.<ref name="Lint">Lint (2018), p. 1055</ref> Emperor [[Heraclius]] travelled through the city en route to [[Atropatene]] in 623 during the [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628]].<ref>Chaumont (1986), pp. 418–438</ref>
=== Medieval period ===
The Arab siege of Nakhchivan in 650AD led [[Theodore Rshtuni]] to conclude a truce.<ref name="Lint"/> After the rebellion of 703AD [[Muhammad ibn Marwan]] had the rebel [[Nakharar|nobles]] burnt alive in churches in Nakhchivan and [[Goghtn]] in 705.<ref name="Lint"/><ref>Blankinship (1994), p. 107</ref> Nakhchivan temporarily came under the control of the [[Bagratid Armenia|Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia]] in {{circa|900}}, but was swiftly taken by [[Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj]].<ref name="Bosworth" /> The city was the temporary refuge of ''[[Atabeg]]'' [[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr]] after his defeat at the [[Battle of Shamkor]] in 1195, and Nakhchivan was conquered by the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] in 1197.<ref>Rayfield (2013), pp. 112–113</ref>
The city and its surroundings were ruled either directly or indirectly by [[Zakarid Armenia]] from 1201 to 1350, but more often than not they only had partial independence and often were vassals of other Empires.<ref name="Grekov">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/B-001-036-449-ALL |title=Очерки истории СССР. Период феодализма IX-XV вв.: В 2 ч. |publisher=[[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]] |year=1953 |editor-last1=Grekov |editor-first1=Boris |editor-link=Boris Grekov |location=Moscow |trans-title=Essays on the history of the USSR. The period of feudalism IX-XV centuries: In 2 volumes |oclc=8470090 |quote=…the political power of the Zakarids was formed and strengthened, heading the restored Armenian statehood in indigenous Armenia. The territory subject to the Zakarids was an Armenian state, vassal to the then reigning house of the Georgian Bagratids; The Zakharid government had the right to court and collect taxes. The main responsibility of the Armenian government to the Georgian government was to provide it with military militia during the war.}}</ref> In 1225, Nakhchivan was occupied by al-Maleka al-Jalāliya, daughter of ''Atabeg'' [[Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan]].<ref name="Bosworth" /> In 1236 Nakhchivan was occupied by the [[Mongol Empire]] and later the [[Ilkhanate]] forcing Zakarid Armenia to pay taxes to the Mongol lords as well as owing them loyalty and troops.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Hodous |author-first=Florence |title=Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing| Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=2018 |isbn=9781472591234 |editor-last1=Fairey |editor-first1=Jack |volume=1 |location=London |page=20 |chapter=Inner Asia 1100s-1405: The Making of Chinggisid Eurasia |quote=Vassal states such as the Uyghur kingdom of Qocho (until 1335), Zakarid Armenia, Cilicia, Georgia, and Korea similarly owed the empire taxes, troops, and loyalty, but were otherwise left to govern themselves. |editor-last2=Farell |editor-first2=Brian |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlFuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> Genoese merchants were known to trade in the city by 1280.<ref>Bernardini (2000), pp. 422–426</ref> The city was conquered by [[Timur]] in 1401,<ref>Rayfield (2013), p. 150</ref> but was taken by King [[George VII of Georgia]] in 1405.<ref>Rayfield (2013), p. 152</ref>
=== Modern period ===
[[File:Bahruz Kangarli - Пейзаж с домом.jpg|thumb|[[Bahruz Kangarli]]: Landscape with a house]]
[[File:Նախիջևան քաղաքի հայկական թաղամասը և եկեղեցին (The Armenian district and church of Nakhijevan city), 1910s.png|thumb|View of the Armenian quarter of the city, 1910s]]
Nakhchivan was conquered by ''Shahanshah'' [[Ismail I]] in 1503.<ref>Rayfield (2013), p. 164</ref> ''Shahanshah'' [[Abbas I of Persia]] reconquered Nakhchivan from the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1603–1604.<ref>Herzig & Floor (2015), p. 5</ref> Later the city served as the capital of the [[Nakhichevan Khanate]].
Nakhchivan Khanate was annexed to the [[Russian Empire]] per the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] in 1828.<ref name="Hille66">Hille (2010), p. 66</ref> The city became the centre of the [[Nakhichevan uezd]] of the [[Erivan Governorate]] in 1849.<ref name="Hille66"/> In 1896, Nakhchivan had a population of 7,433, roughly two-thirds of which were Azeri-speaking Muslims and one-third Armenian Christians.<ref name="Bosworth" /> According to the [[1897 census]], Nakhchivan had the status of a county town ({{Langx|ru|у. г. / уездный город|translit=u. g. / uyezdny gorod}}).<ref name="1897census">{{Cite book |last=Troinitsky |first=N. A. |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670 |title=Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. |publisher=Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza |year=1905 |location=Saint Petersburg |pages=54 |language=ru |trans-title=Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810153601/https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670 |archive-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>
[[File:1843 Nakhichevan Coat of Arms.png|thumb|30px|Nakhchivan City coat of arms under [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]] (designed in 1843)]]
After the [[February Revolution]] of 1917, a [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] was formed in Nakhchivan, but the city was under the control of the [[Special Transcaucasian Committee]] from March to November 1917, and its successor the [[Transcaucasian Commissariat]] from November 1917 to March 1918.<ref name="Hille170">Hille (2010), p. 170</ref> [[Turkey]] occupied Nakhchivan from June until November,<ref name="Hille170"/> after which the city was occupied by British soldiers in January 1919,<ref name="Hille173">Hille (2010), p. 173</ref> and a military governor was appointed to administer Nakhchivan.<ref name="Hille170"/>
[[File:The Soviet Union 1961 CPA 2583 stamp (Capitals of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. Lenin Street, Nakhichevan, Nakhichevan).jpg|thumb|Nakhchivan on a 1961 stamp]]
It was decided that Nakhchivan would be granted to Armenia on 6 April 1919, and the city was annexed on 6 June 1919,<ref name="Hille171">Hille (2010), p. 171</ref> however, some months later the city became the center of a regional [[Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan#Sharur–Nakhichevan|Muslim uprising]] and pogrom against its Armenian inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karapetyan |first=Bakour |url=https://paperzz.com/doc/9062428/the-roots-of-karabagh-problem |title=THE ROOTS OF KARABAGH PROBLEM |pages=119 |quote=Turkey instigated a Muslim revolt against the Republic of Armenia in Nakhichevan. The Armenian troops and refugees were forced to leave the region. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803092825/https://paperzz.com/doc/9062428/the-roots-of-karabagh-problem |archive-date=3 August 2022}}</ref> Britain, France, Italy, and the US, with approval from Armenia and Azerbaijan, agreed on 25 October 1919 to appoint American Colonel Edmond D. Daily as General-Governor of Nakhchivan, elections would be held, and both Armenia and Azerbaijan would withdraw its forces from the territory.<ref>Hille (2010), pp. 171–172</ref> However, in March 1920, Turkish forces led by [[Kâzım Karabekir]] occupied Nakhchivan.<ref name="Hille173" />
[[Soviet Russia]] took control of Nakhchivan on 28 July 1920, and the city became part of the newly formed [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]].<ref name="Hille172">Hille (2010), p. 172</ref> The [[Treaty of Moscow (1921)|Treaty of Moscow]] of 16 March 1921, and later the [[Treaty of Kars]] of 21 October 1921, between [[Soviet Union]] and [[Turkey]] agreed that [[Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Nakhicheva]] would be an autonomous territory under the protection of [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan]] and delimited its borders with Turkey.<ref>Hille (2010), p. 159</ref><ref>Hille (2010), p. 191</ref> In February 1923, the city formed part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Krai within the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] (ASSR), but later became the capital of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] within the ASSR in March 1924.<ref name="Hille172" />
When Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union, Nakhchivan remained part of the [[Republic of Azerbaijan]]. Following the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], a [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|trilateral ceasefire]] was signed between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia. According to the agreement, Azerbaijan will gain a road access to Nakhchivan through Armenia which will be secured by Russian peacekeepers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/11/13/another-map-redrawn-in-blood|title=Another map redrawn in blood Six consequences of the six-week war for Nagorno-Karabakh|date=2020-11-12|author=Dmitry Kuznets|publisher=[[Meduza]]|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065029/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/11/13/another-map-redrawn-in-blood|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since 9 June 2009, the [[Bulqan]], [[Qaraçuq]], [[Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan|Qaraxanbəyli]], [[Tumbul]] and [[Haciniyyət]] villages of the [[Babek District]] are included in the scope of the administrative-territorial unit of the Nakhchivan city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/legislation/view/1473|title=Milli Məclis|website=www.meclis.gov.az|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
===Ecclesiastical history===
The bishop of [[Mardpetakan]] resided at Nakhchivan,<ref name="Lint"/> and the Armenian historian [[Tovma Artsruni]] records Sahak Vahevuni as bishop of Nakhchivan and Mardpetakan and brother of Apusahak Vahevuni.<ref>Thomas et al. (2010), p. 103</ref>
==Geography==
The city is spread over the foothills of Zangezur chain, on the right bank of the [[Nakhchivan River]] at an altitude of almost {{convert|1,000|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The floods and soil erosion spiked because of the decreased forest cover along riverbanks.<ref name=goodiz>{{cite web|last1=Hay|first1=Mark|title=How Environmentalism Can Foster Nation-Building|url=http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan|website=magazine.good.is|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144746/http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result, [[reforestation]] projects implemented in the city to encourage tree planting.<ref name=goodiz/>
===Climate===
Nakhchivan has a [[Continental climate|continental]] [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'') with short but cold, snowy winters and long, dry, very hot summers.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Nakhchivan (1991–2020 normals)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 3.5
| Feb high C = 6.1
| Mar high C = 13.4
| Apr high C = 20.4
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 31.0
| Jul high C = 34.7
| Aug high C = 34.7
| Sep high C = 29.8
| Oct high C = 22.3
| Nov high C = 12.8
| Dec high C = 5.2
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = -0.9
| Feb mean C = 0.9
| Mar mean C = 6.8
| Apr mean C = 13.5
| May mean C = 18.2
| Jun mean C = 22.9
| Jul mean C = 26.5
| Aug mean C = 26.6
| Sep mean C = 21.8
| Oct mean C = 15.0
| Nov mean C = 7.2
| Dec mean C = 1.0
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = -5.3
| Feb low C = -4.4
| Mar low C = 0.2
| Apr low C = 6.6
| May low C = 10.7
| Jun low C = 14.8
| Jul low C = 18.3
| Aug low C = 18.4
| Sep low C = 13.7
| Oct low C = 7.7
| Nov low C = 1.5
| Dec low C = -3.2
| year low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 19
| Feb precipitation mm = 18
| Mar precipitation mm = 29
| Apr precipitation mm = 38
| May precipitation mm = 36
| Jun precipitation mm = 30
| Jul precipitation mm = 17
| Aug precipitation mm = 8
| Sep precipitation mm = 11
| Oct precipitation mm = 26
| Nov precipitation mm = 20
| Dec precipitation mm = 15
| year precipitation mm = 267
| Jan precipitation days = 5
| Feb precipitation days = 4
| Mar precipitation days = 6
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 9
| Jun precipitation days = 5
| Jul precipitation days = 2
| Aug precipitation days = 2
| Sep precipitation days = 2
| Oct precipitation days = 5
| Nov precipitation days = 4
| Dec precipitation days = 4
| year precipitation days = 55
| Jan sun = 82.9
| Feb sun = 117.3
| Mar sun = 188.3
| Apr sun = 202.6
| May sun = 254.5
| Jun sun = 324.0
| Jul sun = 364.4
| Aug sun = 338.7
| Sep sun = 302.5
| Oct sun = 215.6
| Nov sun = 148.1
| Dec sun = 121.1
| year sun = 2660.0
| Jand sun =2.7
| Febd sun =4.2
| Mard sun =6.1
| Aprd sun =6.8
| Mayd sun =8.2
| Jund sun =10.8
| Juld sun =11.8
| Augd sun =10.9
| Sepd sun =10.1
| Octd sun =7
| Novd sun =4.9
| Decd sun =3.9
| yeard sun =
| source 1 = NOAA (precipitation 1971–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT
| title = Naxcivan Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 22 March 2015
| archive-date = 4 February 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065002/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT
| url-status = live}}</ref>Meteostat<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://meteostat.net/en/station/37936
|title= Nakhchivan Climate : Temperature 1991-2020
|publisher=Meteostat
|access-date=23 December 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 =Deutscher wetterdinest (Daily sunshine 1971–1990)<ref>{{Citation |title=Klimatafel von Nachitschewan (Naxcivan) / Aserbaidschan |url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatenwelt/asien/ae/aserbaidschan/aserbaidschani_node.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |no-pp=y |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdinest |language=German |format=PDF}}</ref>
| date = January 2011
}}
== Population==
According to the [[State Statistics Committee (Azerbaijan)|State Statistics Committee]] of Azerbaijan, the number of population of city was 63,8 thousand in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Political division, population size and structure: Population by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan|access-date=22 October 2018|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142620/https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+The population of Nakhchivan (at the beginning of the year, thsd. persons)
!Population
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
|-
|Nakhchivan town
|63,8
|64,2
|64,7
|65,1
|70,7
|71,0
|71,3
|71,7
|72,7
|82,4
|83,4
|84,7
|86,4
|88,0
|89,5
|90,3
|91,1
|92,1
|92,9
|93,7
|-
|Urban population
|63,8
|64,2
|64,7
|65,1
|70,7
|71,0
|71,3
|71,7
|72,7
|73,7
|73,8
|75,4
|76,8
|78,3
|79,5
|80,2
|80,9
|81,8
|82,6
|83,2
|-
|Rural population
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|8,7
|9,6
|9,3
|9,6
|9,7
|10,0
|10,1
|10,2
|10,3
|10,3
|10,5
|}
== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Ethnic composition of Nakhchivan
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
! colspan="2" |1829–1832 census{{cn|date=January 2022}}
! colspan="2" |1897 census<ref name="Нахичеванский уезд - г. Нахичевань">Демоскоп Weekly (еженедельная демографическая газета. Электронная версия): Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России-[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=576 Нахичеванский уезд – г. Нахичевань] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065058/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=576 |date=4 February 2021 }}-Источник: Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Таблица XIII. Распределение населения по родному языку. (Губернские итоги). Т.Т.51–89. С.-Петербург: 1903–1905</ref>
! colspan="2" |1916 almanac<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1917 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1917 |edition=72nd |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=214–221 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1917 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104233151/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |archive-date=4 November 2021}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1926 census<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/naxichevan26.html|title=Нахичеванская ССР 1926|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1939 census<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html|title=население азербайджана|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=28 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328124618/http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|[[Azerbaijanis]]{{efn|Mentioned as "Tatars" in the 1897 census, mentioned as "Shia Muslims" in the 1916 almanac, and as "Turks" or "Turko-Tatars" in the 1926 census. In the 1939 census, they are referred to as "Azerbaijanis".}}
| align="right" |3,624
| align="right" |66.25
| align="right" |6,161
| align="right" |70.09
| align="right" |6,026
| align="right" |67.45
| align="right" |7,567
| align="right" |73.49
| align="right" |11,901
| align="right" |75.83
|-
|[[Armenians]]
| align="right" |1,825
| align="right" |33.36
| align="right" |2,263
| align="right" |25.75
| align="right" |2,665
| align="right" |29.83
| align="right" |1,065
| align="right" |10.34
| align="right" |2,033
| align="right" |12.95
|-
|[[Russians]]
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |216
| align="right" |2.46
| align="right" |147
| align="right" |1.65
| align="right" |1,376
| align="right" |13.36
| align="right" |1,420
| align="right" |9.05
|-
|[[Kurds]]
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |2
| align="right" |0.02
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |6
| align="right" |0.06
| align="right" |32
| align="right" |0.20
|-
|[[Georgians]]
| align="right" |17
| align="right" |0.31
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |0.27
| align="right" |72
| align="right" |0.81
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |0.23
| align="right" |19
| align="right" |0.12
|-
|Others
| align="right" |4
| align="right" |0.07
| align="right" |124
| align="right" |1.41
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |0.27
| align="right" |258
| align="right" |2.51
| align="right" |289
| align="right" |1.84
|-
!TOTAL
!5,470
!100.00
!8,790
!100.00
!8,934
!100.00
!10,296
!100.00
!15,694
!100.00
|}
== Economy ==
{{Expand section|date=November 2014}}
Traditionally, Nakhchivan was home to trade industry, [[handicraft]], [[shoemaking]] and [[hatmaking]] by Azerbaijanians. These industries have been largely replaced. The restoration enterprises and development industry, liberalization of foreign trade and the extension of the customs [[infrastructure]], which has been largely responsible for Nakchivan's [[Economic growth|growth]] in the last two decades, are now major parts of Nakchivan's economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205926/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Culture==
The city has a wide range of cultural activities, amenities and museums. Heydar Aliyev Palace, which has a permanent local painting exhibition and a theatre hall for an audience of 1000 people, and a recently restored Soviet-time Opera Theatre where the Nakhchivan State Musical Drama Theatre realises theatre plays, concerts, musicals and opera.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ilham Aliyev attended a ceremony to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.|url=http://en.president.az/articles/11356|website=en.president.az|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113155704/http://en.president.az/articles/11356|url-status=live}}</ref>
Many of the city's cultural sites were celebrated in 2018 when Nakhchivan was designated an Islamic Culture Capital.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nakhchivan to be capital of Islamic Culture in 2018|url=http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html|website=en.apa.az|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413064943/http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html|archive-date=13 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Architecture ===
[[File:Mömünəxatun türbəsi 2018.jpg |thumbnail|[[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]] is one of the most recognisable landmarks in Azerbaijan.]]
The city is home [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]], [[Gulustan Mausoleum]], [[Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)|Noah's Mausoleum]], [[Garabaghlar Mausoleum]], [[Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum]], [[Imamzadeh complex in Nakhchivan|Imamzadeh mausoleum]] and [[Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid]] mausoleums.<ref>{{cite web|title=The mausoleum of Nakhchivan|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|website=whc.unesco.org|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=13 November 2014}}</ref>
The main sight in the city is the heavily restored 12th-century [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]], also known as Atabek Gumbezi. Momine Khatun was the wife of Eldegizid [[Atabek]] [[Atabegs of Azerbaijan#Muhammad Jahan Pehlevan|Jahan Pahlivan]], ruler of the Atabek Eldegiz emirate. The 10-sided monument is decorated with intricate geometrical motives and [[Kufic|Kufic script]], it uses turquoise glazed bricks. It shares the neighbourhood with a statue of its [[architect]] – [[Ajami Nakhchivani]] – and a bust of [[Heydar Aliyev]]. Also from the 12th century and by the same architect, is the octagonal Yusuf Ibn Kuseir tomb, known as ''Atababa'', half abandoned near the main cemetery.
In 1993, the white marble [[Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid|mausoleum]] of [[Hussein Javid]] was built. The Azerbaijani writer died in the [[Gulag]] during [[Joseph Stalin]]'s [[Great Purge]]. Both the mausoleum and his house museum are located east of the theatre. Although being a recent construction, Huseyn Javid's mausoleum is of great iconic importance, representing the ability of the exclave to live despite the Armenian embargo and becoming a symbol of Nakhchivan itself.
The mausoleums of Nakhchivan were entered for possible inclusion in the [[List of World Heritage Sites]], [[UNESCO]] in 1998 by [[Gulnara Mehmandarova]] – president of [[Azerbaijan]] Committee of [[ICOMOS]]—[[International Council on Monuments and Sites]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|title=The mausoleum of Nakhchivan (#)|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|work=unesco.org}}</ref>
===Cuisine===
{{Separate article|Tendir lavash|date=November 2020}}
Nakchivan’s signature cuisine includes [[Plov|shirin plov]] (sweet rice with gravy; made with mutton, hazelnuts, almonds and dried fruits), dastana, komba, tendir lavash and galin.
Lavash is made with flour, water, and salt. The thickness of the bread varies depending on how thin it was rolled out. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on before baking. It is impossible to imagine any table without bread in Azerbaijan and also in Nakhchivan. In connection with this, the assortment of bread in Nakhchivan is different; the tendir lavash as thin as paper, galin (thick), dastana, and komba (ash cake). If prepared to saj it was called lavash, "Juha salmag" – spread Juha, lavash bread on saj, and if prepared in the tandir, the "llavash yapmag" lavash bread stick. The fact is that it was necessary to stick lavash bread on the hot inner walls of the tandir.
it is impossible to fight with lavash bread, as the proverb reads "Gyaldi lavash – Bitdili Savas" – "Came lavash – the end of the war". There are many people’s ideological expressions about lavash "Yavash-yavash -pendir- lavash " "Quietly (slow) – cheese lavash " or "Khamrali hash – bagryna bass", "Khamraliev" (kind of bread) push to the chest, i.e. . lavash bread – eat slowly. "Of lavash folk sandwiches are made in a roll shape – durmek. In the village where children ran out to play or school they were supplied with these sandwiches. Inside durmeks – rolls was put butter and jam, cheese, cottage cheese and butter, cheese with herbs, potatoes, boiled eggs, etc."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/mil-metb.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az}}</ref>
===Sacrificial monument Ashabi-Kahf===
{{main|Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan}}
'''Ashabi-Kahf''' is a sanctuary in a natural cave which is located in the eastern part of the city of Nakhchivan, between the mountains of Ilandag and Nahajir in Azerbaijan.Since ancient times Ashabi-Kahf is considered as a sacred place.It is known not only in Nakhchivan, but also in other regions of Azerbaijan and countries of the Middle East.Each year ten thousands of people make a pilgrimage to this place.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
===Museums and galleries===
The city also has many historical museums, the literature museum of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], Nakhchivan State History Museum, The Nakhchivan State Carpet Museum, and the house museums of [[Jamshid Nakhchivanski]] and [[Bahruz Kangarli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828134500/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm|archive-date=28 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is also an archaeological museum found on Istiqlal street. The city has a few interesting [[mosque]]s, particularly the Juma [[mosque]], with its large dome.
Modern museums in Nakchivan include the Museum under Open Air, Heydar Aliyev Museum and the Memorial Museum (''Xatıra Muzeyi''), dedicated to the national strife between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Peart|first1=Ian|title=Land of Legend – Nakhchivan|url=http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/|website=www.visions.az|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113151241/http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Music and media===
The regional channels [[Nakhchivan TV]] and now-defunct [[Kanal 35]], and newspaper [[Sharg Gapisi]] are headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio-TV yayımı|url=http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/|access-date=13 November 2014|language=az|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027130212/http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Sports===
[[Araz Naxçivan]] one of the top futsal clubs in the European futsal arena and regularly participates in [[UEFA Futsal Cup]].<ref>[http://capital.trendaz.com/news/sports/795109.html Футзальный клуб «Араз» определился с соперниками по элитному раунду Кубка чемпионов] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120707035343/http://capital.trendaz.com/news/sports/795109.html |date=7 July 2012 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/news/kind=1/newsid=900489.html|title=Happy Friday night for Benfica, Puntar and Araz|website=uefa.com|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/clubs/club=90395/index.html|title=Club's uefa.com profile|website=uefa.com|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
Nakhchivan had one professional [[association football|football]] team, [[Araz-Naxçıvan PFK|Araz-Naxçıvan]], which competed in the top-flight of [[Azerbaijan]]i football, the [[Azerbaijan Premier League]].<ref name=araz>{{cite web|script-title=ru:В Нахчыване появится футбольный клуб Араз|url=http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html|work=Azerifootball.com|access-date=23 May 2013|language=ru|archive-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104160200/http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2014, the city hosted Masters Weightlifting World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|title=Masters World Cup 2014|url=http://nakhchivan2014.com/|website=nakhchivan2014.com|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110191534/http://nakhchivan2014.com/|archive-date=10 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Festivals ===
Nakhchivan is known for its "Goyja" fruit, sort of a cherry-plum, and hosts a traditional Goyja festival at the Nakhchivangala Historical-Architectural Museum Complex. Products made from goyja—jam, compote (drink), pickles, dried, lavasha (bread) – are shown at the festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan|title=Delicious goyja of Nakhchivan|website=turizm.nakhchivan.az|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065021/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan|title=The traditional GOYJA FESTIVAL will be held in Nakhchivan|website=turizm.nakhchivan.az|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065020/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan|url-status=live}}</ref>
Another festival organized annually in Nakhchivan is associated with kata ({{Langx|az|kətə}}) – flat pie with greens, which is made with shomu (wild spinach), mixed greens, [[Caulanthus inflatus|desert candle]], [[pumpkin]], [[Asphodelus|asphodel]], nettle, bean or [[lentil]] in a dough wrapped in the shape of an envelope and cooked in a [[Tandoor|tandir]]. Kata festival is aimed to show and promote the preparation manner of various types of the kata specific to different regions of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|NAR]]. The festival is held at the Historical-Architectural Museum Complex "Nakhchivangala" in April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naxcivantv.az/index.php/news/2658-kete.html|title=Cuisine of Nakhchivan – Kata|website=Naxçıvan TV|language=az-az|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065020/http://naxcivantv.az/index.php/news/2658-kete.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/538-kata-festival-finished|title="Kata" festival finished|website=turizm.nakhchivan.az|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065039/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/538-kata-festival-finished|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Naxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540|title=Naxçıvanda kətə festivalı keçiriləcək|website=State News Agency of Azerbaijan|language=az|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204064958/https://azertag.az/xeber/Naxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.serqqapisi.az/index.php/ictimai-siaysi/18449-kaetae-festival-boeyuk-marazhla-zharsh-lan-b|title="Kətə" festivalı böyük maraqla qarşılanıb – serqqapisi.az|website=Şərq Qapısı newspaper|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>
==Education==
There are 3 professional, 6 musical, 22 secondary schools and a military cadet school in Nakhchivan administered by the city council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065024/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Universities and colleges===
Nakhchivan is home to numerous universities:
* [[Nakhchivan State University]]
* Nakhchivan Private University
* Nakhchivan Teachers Institute
==Transport==
===Public transport===
Nakhchivan's [[Trolleybuses in Nakhchivan|trolleybus system]] consisted of three lines at its height and existed until 2004.<ref name=electrotrans>{{cite web|title=15. Нахичевань (троллейбус)|trans-title=15. Nahičevan (trolleybus)|url=http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15|work=Горэлектротранс (Electrotrans) website|publisher=Дмитрий Зиновьев (Dmitry Zinoviev)|access-date=26 September 2012|language=ru|archive-date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111082125/http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Air===
[[File:NAJ front1.jpg|thumbnail|Nakhchivan International Airport]]
[[Nakhchivan International Airport]] is the only commercial airport serving Nakhchivan. The airport is connected by bus to the city center. There are domestic flights to Baku and international service to Russia and Turkey.
===Rail===
Currently, a light rail line operates from Nakhchivan southeast to [[Ordubad]] and northwest to [[Sharur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-date=10 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610063246/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Notable residents==
{{details|:Category:People from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic}}
The city's notable residents include: president of Azerbaijan [[Heydar Aliyev]], [[Huseyn Javid]] – poet and playwright, founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature, writer [[Jalil Mammadguluzadeh]], opera singer [[Azer Zeynalov]], film director [[Rza Tahmasib]], generals [[Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski]] and [[Jamshid Nakhchivanski]], artist [[Bahruz Kangarli]] and architect [[Ajami Nakhchivani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp|script-title=ru:Алиев Гейдар Али Рза оглы|publisher=Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898–1991|language=ru|title=00188|access-date=11 December 2010|archive-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002212200/http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Heydar Aliyev 1997.jpg|[[Heydar Aliyev]], was the longest serving political leader in Azerbaijan.
File:Huseyn Javid.jpg|[[Huseyn Javid]], was the founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature.
File:Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, c. 1920.jpg|[[Jalil Mammadguluzadeh]], was an Azerbaijani satirist and writer.
File:Dudanginski.jpg|[[Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli]], was a [[Soviet army]] major who defected to the [[Nazi Germany|German forces]] during [[World War II]].
File:Khetcho Commander of cavalry Armenian volunteer units.jpg|[[Khetcho]], Armenian activist, combatant and one of key supporter of the [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]]
File:Jamshid Nakhchivanski in 1931.jpg|[[Jamshid Nakhchivanski]], was a [[Russian Imperial Army|Russian Imperial]], [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijani]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] military commander.
File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2016-1247.jpg|[[Ajami Nakhchivani|Memar Ajami]], the founder of the [[Nakhchivan school of architecture]]
File:Bahruz Kengerli.jpg|[[Bahruz Kangarli]], the founder of realistic easel painting of Azerbaijan.
File:Rza tahmasib.jpg|[[Rza Tahmasib]], film director and actor.
File:Khan Nakhichevanski.jpg|[[Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski]], was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Emperor.
File:Nazli Najafova.png|alt=The Azeri educator Nazli Najafova.|[[Nazli Najafova]], pioneering educator of women and girls.
File:AR Prezident Administrasiyasının ictimai-siyasi məsələlər şöbəsinin müdiri Əli Həsənov - VOA - 02.jpg|[[Ali M. Hasanov]], served as the National Adviser to the [[President of Azerbaijan]].
</gallery>
== International relations ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia#Azerbaijan|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Azerbaijan}}
=== Twin towns ===
Nakhchivan is [[Sister cities|twinned]] with various cities.
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Batumi]], Georgia, {{small|(since 2012)}}<ref name="Batumi twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|title=Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities|access-date=2013-08-10|work=Batumi City Hall|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504220350/http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|archive-date=2012-05-04}}</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery heights="200" mode="packed">
File:Nakhchivan city.JPG|Nakhchivan city
File:Nakhchivan khan palace7.JPG|[[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans]]
File:Momine Fragment.jpg|Face Pattern of the [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]]
File:Huseyn Javid Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view).jpg|[[Huseyn Javid]] Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view)
File:City of naxcivan view from plane.jpg|The aerial view of the city in 2006
File:First language in Azerbaijani.JPG|Monument for the [[:en:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani language]]
File:Nakhchivan city femme centre.JPG|Old Mosque (17-18 Centuries)
File:Təbriz mehmanxanasından görünüş.jpg|View from Tabriz Hotel
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Nakhchivan Khanate]] - Turkic Khanate which ruled over the region in 18th century
* [[Thamanin]] in [[Southeastern Anatolia Region|southeast Turkey]]
* [[Battle of Nakhchivan|Battle of Nakhicevan]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =GENOA| last1 = Bernardini| first1 =Michele | url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/genoa-| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year =2000}}
* {{cite book |last=Blankinship|first=Khalid Yahya |date=1994|title=The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads|publisher=State University of New York Press}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =NAḴJAVĀN| last1 = Bosworth| first1 =C. Edmund | url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nakjavan| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year =2013}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period| last1 = Chaumont| first1 =M. L. | url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-ii| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year =1986}}
* {{cite book |last=Hille|first=Charlotte Mathilde Louise |date=2010 |title=State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus|publisher=BRILL}}
* {{cite book |last=Lanser|first=Richard D.|date=2007|url=http://www.noahsarksearch.com/An_Armenian_Perspective_On_The_Search_For_Noah%27s_Ark.pdf|title=An Armenian Perspective on the Search for Noah's Ark |publisher=Associates for Biblical Research}}
* {{cite book |last=Lint|first=Theo van|date=2018|chapter=Nakhchivan|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, ed. Oliver Nicholson|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Rayfield|first=Donald |date=2013|title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia|publisher=Reaktion Books}}
* {{cite book |last1=Thomas|first1=David|last2=Mallett|first2=Alexander |first3=Barbara |last3=Roggema |date=2010|title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900–1050)|publisher=BRILL}}
*[http://doi.science.gov.az/pages/journals/azh/pdf/azh2024_1_29.pdf Jamalova Nigar. Armenia’s plans on the Nakhchivan territory and the countermeasures of the Azerbaijan government (1918-1920). Journal of Azərbaycan Tarixşünaslığı / Azerbaijan Historiography. 2024/6. p.25-49]
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nakhchivan (city)}}
* [http://www.azeri.net/azerbaijan/category/cities/nakhchivan/ Nakhchivan Guide]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090918144912/http://www.nakhchivan.az/ Nakhchivan Portal]
* {{GEOnet2|32FA8815009B3774E0440003BA962ED3|Nakhchivan (as Naxçıvan)}}
* [http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-26&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=x World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan]{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – World-Gazetteer.com
{{Nakhchivan City}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}
{{Iranian Architecture}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nakhchivan (city)}}
[[Category:Nakhchivan (city)| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Districts of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]]
[[Category:Erivan Governorate]]
[[Category:Mount Ararat]]
[[Category:Nakhichevan Khanate]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Other uses|Nakhchivan (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|City in Azerbaijan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nakhchivan
| native_name = Naxçıvan
| type = [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| total_width = 300
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/3/3/2/1
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Naxcivan nakhchivan bayraq meydani svln4821.jpg
| alt1 = Flagpole
| caption1 = Flagpole
| image2 = Nuh türbəsi.jpg
| alt2 = Noah's Mausoleum
| caption2 = [[Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)|Noah's Mausoleum]]
| image3 = Mömünəxatun türbəsi 2018.jpg
| alt3 = Momine Khatun Mausoleum
| caption3 = [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]]
| image4 = Huseyn Javid Mausoleum at Nakhchivan.jpg
| alt4 = Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid
| caption4 = [[Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid]]
| image5 = Naxçıvan Cümə məscidi.jpg
| alt5 = Jame Mosque of Nakhchivan
| caption5 = Jame Mosque of Nakhchivan
| image6 = Naxçıvan xan sarayı 2016.jpg
| alt6 = Palace of Nakhchivan Khans
| caption6 = [[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans]]
| image7 = Naxçıvan Mərkəzi Xəstəxanası.jpg
| alt7 = Nakhchivan Center Hospital
| caption7 = Nakhchivan Center Hospital
| image8 = Nakhchivan city.JPG
| alt8 = A street in Nakhchivan
| caption8 = A street in Nakhchivan
| image9 = Yusif ibn Küseyr türbəsinin ümumi görünüşü.jpg
| alt9 = Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum
| caption9 = [[Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum]]
| image10 = City of naxcivan view from plane.jpg
| alt10 = Aerial view of Nakhchivan
| caption10 = Aerial view of Nakhchivan
}}
|image_caption =
| seal_size = 80px
| image_map = Nakhchivan city in Azerbaijan.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|39|12|58|N|45|24|38|E|region:AZ|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|Autonomous Republic]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]]
| area_total_km2 = 190
| elevation_m = 873
| population_as_of = [[Census in Azerbaijan|2020]]
| population_total = 94500
| population_footnotes = <ref name="statgov">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |title=Population of Azerbaijan |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Nakhchivanly
| timezone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| website = {{URL|ih.nakhchivan.az}}
}}
'''Nakhchivan''' ({{langx|az|Naxçıvan}} {{IPA|az|nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn}}) is the capital and largest city of the eponymous [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], a [[Enclave_and_exclave#True_exclaves|true exclave]] of [[Azerbaijan]], located {{convert|450|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Baku]]. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of [[Əliabad, Nakhchivan|Əliabad]] and the villages of [[Başbaşı]], [[Bulqan]], [[Haciniyyət]], [[Qaraçuq]], [[Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan|Qaraxanbəyli]], [[Tumbul]], [[Qarağalıq]], and [[Daşduz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belediyye.org/index.php?con=qanun&bkod=3637 |title=Belediyye Informasiya Sistemi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924083213/http://www.belediyye.org/index.php?con=qanun&bkod=3637 |archive-date=24 September 2008 |language=az}}</ref> It is spread over the foothills of [[Zangezur Mountains]], on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of {{convert|873|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.
== Toponymy ==
The city's official Azerbaijani spelling is "Nakhchivan" ({{langx|az|Naxçıvan}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azertag.az/xeber/NAXCHIVAN_SAHARINDAKI_HEYDAR_ALIYEV_MADANIYYAT_VA_ISTIRAHAT_PARKINDA_YENIDANQURMA_ISLARI_APARILMISDIR-440051 |title=NAXÇIVAN ŞƏHƏRİNDƏKİ HEYDƏR ƏLİYEV MƏDƏNİYYƏT VƏ İSTİRAHƏT PARKINDA YENİDƏNQURMA İŞLƏRİ APARILMIŞDIR |date=1 May 2009 |work=[[Azerbaijan State News Agency]] |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/11353 |title=Ilham Aliyev attended ceremony to inaugurate Nakhchivan city reservoir and water purification plant complex |date=7 April 2014 |work=[[President of Azerbaijan|President.az]] |publisher=[[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan]] |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=en }}</ref> The name is transliterated from Persian as Nakhjavan ({{langx|fa|نخجوان}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/world-41108682 |title=سی کتابی که مردم جمهوری خودمختار نخجوان 'باید' بخوانند |date=1 September 2017 |work=BBC Persian Service |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=fa }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Dalga |last=Khatina oglu |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/a-52550716 |title=خیز آذربایجان برای رهاندن نخجوان از وابستگی به ایران |date=27 February 2020 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=27 January 2021 |language=fa }}</ref> The city's name is transliterated from Russian as Nakhichevan' ({{langx|ru|Нахичевань}}) and from Armenian as Nakhijevan ({{langx|hy|Նախիջևան|Naxiǰewan}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakobyan |first=Tatul |date=17 March 2020 |title=Նախիջևանի կորուստը. մի քանի պատմական իրողություններ |trans-title=The loss of Nakhijevan: some historical facts |url=https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/03/17/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%B4%D5%AB-%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80/378830 |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=CivilNet |language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Babayan |first=Aza |date=15 December 2020 |title=Ադրբեջանն ու Թուրքիան վաղը Իգդիր-Նախիջևան գազատարի վերաբերյալ հուշագիր կստորագրեն |trans-title=Azerbaijan and Turkey will sign a memorandum on the Igdir-Nakhijevan gas pipeline tomorrow |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31001786.html |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=Azatutyun |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=Турецкие военные прибыли в Нахичевань для учений |trans-title=Turkish military arrived in Nakhichevan for exercises |url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3021137.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065050/https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3021137.html |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=[[REGNUM News Agency|REGNUM]] |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2021 |title=Зариф: "Есть реальная перспектива соединения железных дорог Армении и Ирана через Нахичевань" |trans-title=Zarif: "There is a real prospect of connecting the railways of Armenia and Iran through Nakhichevan" |url=https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/31071859.html |access-date=27 January 2021 |work=Эхо Кавказа |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=ru}}</ref>
The city was first mentioned in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]'' as ''Naxuana'' ({{langx|grc|Ναξουὰνα}}, {{langx|la|Naxuana}}).<ref name="Brockhaus">{{in lang|ru}} [https://archive.today/20130703211539/http://brockhaus-efron-encyclopedia.info/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0/138612/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C "Nakhichevan"] in the ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'', St. Petersburg, Russia: 1890–1907.</ref> The older form of the name is ''Naxčawan'' ({{Langx|hy|Նախճաւան}}).<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Hiwbshman |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/HinHayotsTeghwoyAnnunnere |title=Hin Hayotsʻ Teghwoy Anunnerě |publisher=Mkhitʻarean Tparan |year=1907 |location=Vienna |pages=222–223, 385 |language=hy |translator-last=Pilējikchean |translator-first=H. B. |trans-title=Ancient Armenian Place Names |author-link=Heinrich Hübschmann}}</ref> According to philologist [[Heinrich Hübschmann]], the name was originally borne by the city and later given to the surrounding region.<ref name=":3" /> Hübschmann believed the name to be composed of ''Naxič'' or ''Naxuč'' (probably a personal name) and ''awan'', an Armenian word (ultimately of Iranian origin) meaning "place, town".<ref name=":3" />
In the Armenian tradition, the name of the city is connected with the Biblical narrative of [[Noah's Ark]] and interpreted as meaning "place of the first descent" or "first resting place" (as if deriving from {{Langx|hy|[[wiktionary:նախ|նախ]]|lit=first|translit=nax|label=none}} and {{Langx|hy|[[wiktionary:իջեւան|իջեւան]]|lit=abode, resting place|translit=ijewan|label=none}}) due to it being regarded as the site where [[Noah]] descended and settled after the landing of the Ark on nearby [[Mount Ararat]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Hakobyan |first1=T. Kh. |title=Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran |last2=Melik-Bakhshyan |first2=St. T. |last3=Barseghyan |first3=H. Kh. |publisher=Yerevan State University |year=1991 |volume=3 |pages=951–953 |language=hy |trans-title=Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories |chapter=Nakhijevan |chapter-url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=3015}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Hewsen |first=Robert H. |url=https://archive.org/details/TheGeographyOfAnaniasOfSirak |title=The Geography of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhacʻoycʻ): The Long and the Short Recensions |publisher=Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag |year=1992 |isbn=3-88226-485-3 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=189 |author-link=Robert H. Hewsen}}</ref> It was probably under the influence of this tradition that the name changed in Armenian from the older ''Naxčawan'' to ''Naxijewan''.<ref name=":4" /> Although this is a folk etymology, [[William Whiston]] believed Nakhchivan/Nakhijevan to be the ''Apobatērion'' ("place of descent") mentioned by the first-century Jewish historian [[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] in connection with Noah's Ark, which would make the tradition connecting the name with the Biblical figure Noah very old, predating Armenia's conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Josephus2">{{cite web |title=Chapter 3 |url=http://library.untraveledroad.com/Ch/Josephus/Antiquities-Jews/Book1/3.htm |access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":12">[http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt ''Noah's Ark: Its Final Berth''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312030734/http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt|date=March 12, 2008}} by Bill Crouse</ref>
== History ==
=== Classical period ===
In the Armenian tradition, Nakhchivan was founded by [[Noah]] after the [[Genesis flood narrative|Flood]], and was the place of his death and burial.{{Sfn|Lanser|2007}} According to the Armenian historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]], King [[Tigranes I]] of [[Armenia]] settled [[Media (region)|Median]] prisoners of war at Nakhchivan in the second century BC.<ref name="Bosworth" /> Nakhchivan is first mentioned in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geographia]]'' as Naxuana ({{langx|el|Ναξουὰνα|italic=yes}}).<ref name="Bosworth" >Bosworth (2013)</ref>
Nakhchivan was destroyed by ''[[Shah|Shahanshah]]'' [[Shapur II]] in 363 and its Armenian and Jewish population was deported to Iran.<ref name="Lint">Lint (2018), p. 1055</ref> Emperor [[Heraclius]] travelled through the city en route to [[Atropatene]] in 623 during the [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628]].<ref>Chaumont (1986), pp. 418–438</ref>
=== Medieval period ===
The Arab siege of Nakhchivan in 650AD led [[Theodore Rshtuni]] to conclude a truce.<ref name="Lint"/> After the rebellion of 703AD [[Muhammad ibn Marwan]] had the rebel [[Nakharar|nobles]] burnt alive in churches in Nakhchivan and [[Goghtn]] in 705.<ref name="Lint"/><ref>Blankinship (1994), p. 107</ref> Nakhchivan temporarily came under the control of the [[Bagratid Armenia|Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia]] in {{circa|900}}, but was swiftly taken by [[Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj]].<ref name="Bosworth" /> The city was the temporary refuge of ''[[Atabeg]]'' [[Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr]] after his defeat at the [[Battle of Shamkor]] in 1195, and Nakhchivan was conquered by the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] in 1197.<ref>Rayfield (2013), pp. 112–113</ref>
The city and its surroundings were ruled either directly or indirectly by [[Zakarid Armenia]] from 1201 to 1350, but more often than not they only had partial independence and often were vassals of other Empires.<ref name="Grekov">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/B-001-036-449-ALL |title=Очерки истории СССР. Период феодализма IX-XV вв.: В 2 ч. |publisher=[[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]] |year=1953 |editor-last1=Grekov |editor-first1=Boris |editor-link=Boris Grekov |location=Moscow |trans-title=Essays on the history of the USSR. The period of feudalism IX-XV centuries: In 2 volumes |oclc=8470090 |quote=…the political power of the Zakarids was formed and strengthened, heading the restored Armenian statehood in indigenous Armenia. The territory subject to the Zakarids was an Armenian state, vassal to the then reigning house of the Georgian Bagratids; The Zakharid government had the right to court and collect taxes. The main responsibility of the Armenian government to the Georgian government was to provide it with military militia during the war.}}</ref> In 1225, Nakhchivan was occupied by al-Maleka al-Jalāliya, daughter of ''Atabeg'' [[Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan]].<ref name="Bosworth" /> In 1236 Nakhchivan was occupied by the [[Mongol Empire]] and later the [[Ilkhanate]] forcing Zakarid Armenia to pay taxes to the Mongol lords as well as owing them loyalty and troops.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Hodous |author-first=Florence |title=Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing| Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=2018 |isbn=9781472591234 |editor-last1=Fairey |editor-first1=Jack |volume=1 |location=London |page=20 |chapter=Inner Asia 1100s-1405: The Making of Chinggisid Eurasia |quote=Vassal states such as the Uyghur kingdom of Qocho (until 1335), Zakarid Armenia, Cilicia, Georgia, and Korea similarly owed the empire taxes, troops, and loyalty, but were otherwise left to govern themselves. |editor-last2=Farell |editor-first2=Brian |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlFuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> Genoese merchants were known to trade in the city by 1280.<ref>Bernardini (2000), pp. 422–426</ref> The city was conquered by [[Timur]] in 1401,<ref>Rayfield (2013), p. 150</ref> but was taken by King [[George VII of Georgia]] in 1405.<ref>Rayfield (2013), p. 152</ref>
=== Modern period ===
[[File:Bahruz Kangarli - Пейзаж с домом.jpg|thumb|[[Bahruz Kangarli]]: Landscape with a house]]
[[File:Նախիջևան քաղաքի հայկական թաղամասը և եկեղեցին (The Armenian district and church of Nakhijevan city), 1910s.png|thumb|View of the Armenian quarter of the city, 1910s]]
Nakhchivan was conquered by ''Shahanshah'' [[Ismail I]] in 1503.<ref>Rayfield (2013), p. 164</ref> ''Shahanshah'' [[Abbas I of Persia]] reconquered Nakhchivan from the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1603–1604.<ref>Herzig & Floor (2015), p. 5</ref> Later the city served as the capital of the [[Nakhichevan Khanate]].
Nakhchivan Khanate was annexed to the [[Russian Empire]] per the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] in 1828.<ref name="Hille66">Hille (2010), p. 66</ref> The city became the centre of the [[Nakhichevan uezd]] of the [[Erivan Governorate]] in 1849.<ref name="Hille66"/> In 1896, Nakhchivan had a population of 7,433, roughly two-thirds of which were Azeri-speaking Muslims and one-third Armenian Christians.<ref name="Bosworth" /> According to the [[1897 census]], Nakhchivan had the status of a county town ({{Langx|ru|у. г. / уездный город|translit=u. g. / uyezdny gorod}}).<ref name="1897census">{{Cite book |last=Troinitsky |first=N. A. |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670 |title=Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. |publisher=Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza |year=1905 |location=Saint Petersburg |pages=54 |language=ru |trans-title=Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810153601/https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670 |archive-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>
[[File:1843 Nakhichevan Coat of Arms.png|thumb|30px|Nakhchivan City coat of arms under [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]] (designed in 1843)]]
After the [[February Revolution]] of 1917, a [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] was formed in Nakhchivan, but the city was under the control of the [[Special Transcaucasian Committee]] from March to November 1917, and its successor the [[Transcaucasian Commissariat]] from November 1917 to March 1918.<ref name="Hille170">Hille (2010), p. 170</ref> [[Turkey]] occupied Nakhchivan from June until November,<ref name="Hille170"/> after which the city was occupied by British soldiers in January 1919,<ref name="Hille173">Hille (2010), p. 173</ref> and a military governor was appointed to administer Nakhchivan.<ref name="Hille170"/>
[[File:The Soviet Union 1961 CPA 2583 stamp (Capitals of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. Lenin Street, Nakhichevan, Nakhichevan).jpg|thumb|Nakhchivan on a 1961 stamp]]
It was decided that Nakhchivan would be granted to Armenia on 6 April 1919, and the city was annexed on 6 June 1919,<ref name="Hille171">Hille (2010), p. 171</ref> however, some months later the city became the center of a regional [[Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan#Sharur–Nakhichevan|Muslim uprising]] and pogrom against its Armenian inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karapetyan |first=Bakour |url=https://paperzz.com/doc/9062428/the-roots-of-karabagh-problem |title=THE ROOTS OF KARABAGH PROBLEM |pages=119 |quote=Turkey instigated a Muslim revolt against the Republic of Armenia in Nakhichevan. The Armenian troops and refugees were forced to leave the region. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803092825/https://paperzz.com/doc/9062428/the-roots-of-karabagh-problem |archive-date=3 August 2022}}</ref> Britain, France, Italy, and the US, with approval from Armenia and Azerbaijan, agreed on 25 October 1919 to appoint American Colonel Edmond D. Daily as General-Governor of Nakhchivan, elections would be held, and both Armenia and Azerbaijan would withdraw its forces from the territory.<ref>Hille (2010), pp. 171–172</ref> However, in March 1920, Turkish forces led by [[Kâzım Karabekir]] occupied Nakhchivan.<ref name="Hille173" />
[[Soviet Russia]] took control of Nakhchivan on 28 July 1920, and the city became part of the newly formed [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]].<ref name="Hille172">Hille (2010), p. 172</ref> The [[Treaty of Moscow (1921)|Treaty of Moscow]] of 16 March 1921, and later the [[Treaty of Kars]] of 21 October 1921, between [[Soviet Union]] and [[Turkey]] agreed that [[Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Nakhicheva]] would be an autonomous territory under the protection of [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan]] and delimited its borders with Turkey.<ref>Hille (2010), p. 159</ref><ref>Hille (2010), p. 191</ref> In February 1923, the city formed part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Krai within the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] (ASSR), but later became the capital of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] within the ASSR in March 1924.<ref name="Hille172" />
When Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union, Nakhchivan remained part of the [[Republic of Azerbaijan]]. Following the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], a [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|trilateral ceasefire]] was signed between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia. According to the agreement, Azerbaijan will gain a road access to Nakhchivan through Armenia which will be secured by Russian peacekeepers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/11/13/another-map-redrawn-in-blood|title=Another map redrawn in blood Six consequences of the six-week war for Nagorno-Karabakh|date=2020-11-12|author=Dmitry Kuznets|publisher=[[Meduza]]|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065029/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/11/13/another-map-redrawn-in-blood|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since 9 June 2009, the [[Bulqan]], [[Qaraçuq]], [[Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan|Qaraxanbəyli]], [[Tumbul]] and [[Haciniyyət]] villages of the [[Babek District]] are included in the scope of the administrative-territorial unit of the Nakhchivan city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/legislation/view/1473|title=Milli Məclis|website=www.meclis.gov.az|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
===Ecclesiastical history===
The bishop of [[Mardpetakan]] resided at Nakhchivan,<ref name="Lint"/> and the Armenian historian [[Tovma Artsruni]] records Sahak Vahevuni as bishop of Nakhchivan and Mardpetakan and brother of Apusahak Vahevuni.<ref>Thomas et al. (2010), p. 103</ref>
==Geography==
The city is spread over the foothills of Zangezur chain, on the right bank of the [[Nakhchivan River]] at an altitude of almost {{convert|1,000|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The floods and soil erosion spiked because of the decreased forest cover along riverbanks.<ref name=goodiz>{{cite web|last1=Hay|first1=Mark|title=How Environmentalism Can Foster Nation-Building|url=http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan|website=magazine.good.is|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144746/http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result, [[reforestation]] projects implemented in the city to encourage tree planting.<ref name=goodiz/>
===Climate===
Nakhchivan has a [[Continental climate|continental]] [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'') with short but cold, snowy winters and long, dry, very hot summers.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Nakhchivan (1991–2020 normals)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 3.5
| Feb high C = 6.1
| Mar high C = 13.4
| Apr high C = 20.4
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 31.0
| Jul high C = 34.7
| Aug high C = 34.7
| Sep high C = 29.8
| Oct high C = 22.3
| Nov high C = 12.8
| Dec high C = 5.2
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = -0.9
| Feb mean C = 0.9
| Mar mean C = 6.8
| Apr mean C = 13.5
| May mean C = 18.2
| Jun mean C = 22.9
| Jul mean C = 26.5
| Aug mean C = 26.6
| Sep mean C = 21.8
| Oct mean C = 15.0
| Nov mean C = 7.2
| Dec mean C = 1.0
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = -5.3
| Feb low C = -4.4
| Mar low C = 0.2
| Apr low C = 6.6
| May low C = 10.7
| Jun low C = 14.8
| Jul low C = 18.3
| Aug low C = 18.4
| Sep low C = 13.7
| Oct low C = 7.7
| Nov low C = 1.5
| Dec low C = -3.2
| year low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 19
| Feb precipitation mm = 18
| Mar precipitation mm = 29
| Apr precipitation mm = 38
| May precipitation mm = 36
| Jun precipitation mm = 30
| Jul precipitation mm = 17
| Aug precipitation mm = 8
| Sep precipitation mm = 11
| Oct precipitation mm = 26
| Nov precipitation mm = 20
| Dec precipitation mm = 15
| year precipitation mm = 267
| Jan precipitation days = 5
| Feb precipitation days = 4
| Mar precipitation days = 6
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 9
| Jun precipitation days = 5
| Jul precipitation days = 2
| Aug precipitation days = 2
| Sep precipitation days = 2
| Oct precipitation days = 5
| Nov precipitation days = 4
| Dec precipitation days = 4
| year precipitation days = 55
| Jan sun = 82.9
| Feb sun = 117.3
| Mar sun = 188.3
| Apr sun = 202.6
| May sun = 254.5
| Jun sun = 324.0
| Jul sun = 364.4
| Aug sun = 338.7
| Sep sun = 302.5
| Oct sun = 215.6
| Nov sun = 148.1
| Dec sun = 121.1
| year sun = 2660.0
| Jand sun =2.7
| Febd sun =4.2
| Mard sun =6.1
| Aprd sun =6.8
| Mayd sun =8.2
| Jund sun =10.8
| Juld sun =11.8
| Augd sun =10.9
| Sepd sun =10.1
| Octd sun =7
| Novd sun =4.9
| Decd sun =3.9
| yeard sun =
| source 1 = NOAA (precipitation 1971–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT
| title = Naxcivan Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 22 March 2015
| archive-date = 4 February 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065002/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT
| url-status = live}}</ref>Meteostat<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://meteostat.net/en/station/37936
|title= Nakhchivan Climate : Temperature 1991-2020
|publisher=Meteostat
|access-date=23 December 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 =Deutscher wetterdinest (Daily sunshine 1971–1990)<ref>{{Citation |title=Klimatafel von Nachitschewan (Naxcivan) / Aserbaidschan |url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatenwelt/asien/ae/aserbaidschan/aserbaidschani_node.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |no-pp=y |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdinest |language=German |format=PDF}}</ref>
| date = January 2011
}}
== Population==
According to the [[State Statistics Committee (Azerbaijan)|State Statistics Committee]] of Azerbaijan, the number of population of city was 63,8 thousand in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Political division, population size and structure: Population by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan|access-date=22 October 2018|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142620/https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+The population of Nakhchivan (at the beginning of the year, thsd. persons)
!Population
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
|-
|Nakhchivan town
|63,8
|64,2
|64,7
|65,1
|70,7
|71,0
|71,3
|71,7
|72,7
|82,4
|83,4
|84,7
|86,4
|88,0
|89,5
|90,3
|91,1
|92,1
|92,9
|93,7
|-
|Urban population
|63,8
|64,2
|64,7
|65,1
|70,7
|71,0
|71,3
|71,7
|72,7
|73,7
|73,8
|75,4
|76,8
|78,3
|79,5
|80,2
|80,9
|81,8
|82,6
|83,2
|-
|Rural population
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|8,7
|9,6
|9,3
|9,6
|9,7
|10,0
|10,1
|10,2
|10,3
|10,3
|10,5
|}
== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Ethnic composition of Nakhchivan
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
! colspan="2" |1829–1832 census{{cn|date=January 2022}}
! colspan="2" |1897 census<ref name="Нахичеванский уезд - г. Нахичевань">Демоскоп Weekly (еженедельная демографическая газета. Электронная версия): Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России-[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=576 Нахичеванский уезд – г. Нахичевань] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065058/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=576 |date=4 February 2021 }}-Источник: Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Таблица XIII. Распределение населения по родному языку. (Губернские итоги). Т.Т.51–89. С.-Петербург: 1903–1905</ref>
! colspan="2" |1916 almanac<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1917 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1917 |edition=72nd |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=214–221 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1917 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104233151/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |archive-date=4 November 2021}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1926 census<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/naxichevan26.html|title=Нахичеванская ССР 1926|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1939 census<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html|title=население азербайджана|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=28 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328124618/http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|[[Azerbaijanis]]{{efn|Mentioned as "Tatars" in the 1897 census, mentioned as "Shia Muslims" in the 1916 almanac, and as "Turks" or "Turko-Tatars" in the 1926 census. In the 1939 census, they are referred to as "Azerbaijanis".}}
| align="right" |3,624
| align="right" |66.25
| align="right" |6,161
| align="right" |70.09
| align="right" |6,026
| align="right" |67.45
| align="right" |7,567
| align="right" |73.49
| align="right" |11,901
| align="right" |75.83
|-
|[[Armenians]]
| align="right" |1,825
| align="right" |33.36
| align="right" |2,263
| align="right" |25.75
| align="right" |2,665
| align="right" |29.83
| align="right" |1,065
| align="right" |10.34
| align="right" |2,033
| align="right" |12.95
|-
|[[Russians]]
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |216
| align="right" |2.46
| align="right" |147
| align="right" |1.65
| align="right" |1,376
| align="right" |13.36
| align="right" |1,420
| align="right" |9.05
|-
|[[Kurds]]
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |2
| align="right" |0.02
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |6
| align="right" |0.06
| align="right" |32
| align="right" |0.20
|-
|[[Georgians]]
| align="right" |17
| align="right" |0.31
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |0.27
| align="right" |72
| align="right" |0.81
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |0.23
| align="right" |19
| align="right" |0.12
|-
|Others
| align="right" |4
| align="right" |0.07
| align="right" |124
| align="right" |1.41
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |0.27
| align="right" |258
| align="right" |2.51
| align="right" |289
| align="right" |1.84
|-
!TOTAL
!5,470
!100.00
!8,790
!100.00
!8,934
!100.00
!10,296
!100.00
!15,694
!100.00
|}
== Economy ==
{{Expand section|date=November 2014}}
Traditionally, Nakhchivan was home to trade industry, [[handicraft]], [[shoemaking]] and [[hatmaking]] by Azerbaijanians. These industries have been largely replaced. The restoration enterprises and development industry, liberalization of foreign trade and the extension of the customs [[infrastructure]], which has been largely responsible for Nakchivan's [[Economic growth|growth]] in the last two decades, are now major parts of Nakchivan's economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205926/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Culture==
The city has a wide range of cultural activities, amenities and museums. Heydar Aliyev Palace, which has a permanent local painting exhibition and a theatre hall for an audience of 1000 people, and a recently restored Soviet-time Opera Theatre where the Nakhchivan State Musical Drama Theatre realises theatre plays, concerts, musicals and opera.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ilham Aliyev attended a ceremony to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.|url=http://en.president.az/articles/11356|website=en.president.az|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113155704/http://en.president.az/articles/11356|url-status=live}}</ref>
Many of the city's cultural sites were celebrated in 2018 when Nakhchivan was designated an Islamic Culture Capital.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nakhchivan to be capital of Islamic Culture in 2018|url=http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html|website=en.apa.az|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413064943/http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html|archive-date=13 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Architecture ===
[[File:Mömünəxatun türbəsi 2018.jpg |thumbnail|[[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]] is one of the most recognisable landmarks in Azerbaijan.]]
The city is home [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]], [[Gulustan Mausoleum]], [[Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)|Noah's Mausoleum]], [[Garabaghlar Mausoleum]], [[Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum]], [[Imamzadeh complex in Nakhchivan|Imamzadeh mausoleum]] and [[Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid]] mausoleums.<ref>{{cite web|title=The mausoleum of Nakhchivan|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|website=whc.unesco.org|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=13 November 2014}}</ref>
The main sight in the city is the heavily restored 12th-century [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]], also known as Atabek Gumbezi. Momine Khatun was the wife of Eldegizid [[Atabek]] [[Atabegs of Azerbaijan#Muhammad Jahan Pehlevan|Jahan Pahlivan]], ruler of the Atabek Eldegiz emirate. The 10-sided monument is decorated with intricate geometrical motives and [[Kufic|Kufic script]], it uses turquoise glazed bricks. It shares the neighbourhood with a statue of its [[architect]] – [[Ajami Nakhchivani]] – and a bust of [[Heydar Aliyev]]. Also from the 12th century and by the same architect, is the octagonal Yusuf Ibn Kuseir tomb, known as ''Atababa'', half abandoned near the main cemetery.
In 1993, the white marble [[Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid|mausoleum]] of [[Hussein Javid]] was built. The Azerbaijani writer died in the [[Gulag]] during [[Joseph Stalin]]'s [[Great Purge]]. Both the mausoleum and his house museum are located east of the theatre. Although being a recent construction, Huseyn Javid's mausoleum is of great iconic importance, representing the ability of the exclave to live despite the Armenian embargo and becoming a symbol of Nakhchivan itself.
The mausoleums of Nakhchivan were entered for possible inclusion in the [[List of World Heritage Sites]], [[UNESCO]] in 1998 by [[Gulnara Mehmandarova]] – president of [[Azerbaijan]] Committee of [[ICOMOS]]—[[International Council on Monuments and Sites]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|title=The mausoleum of Nakhchivan (#)|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|work=unesco.org}}</ref>
===Cuisine===
{{Separate article|Tendir lavash|date=November 2020}}
Nakchivan’s signature cuisine includes [[Plov|shirin plov]] (sweet rice with gravy; made with mutton, hazelnuts, almonds and dried fruits), dastana, komba, tendir lavash and galin.
Lavash is made with flour, water, and salt. The thickness of the bread varies depending on how thin it was rolled out. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on before baking. It is impossible to imagine any table without bread in Azerbaijan and also in Nakhchivan. In connection with this, the assortment of bread in Nakhchivan is different; the tendir lavash as thin as paper, galin (thick), dastana, and komba (ash cake). If prepared to saj it was called lavash, "Juha salmag" – spread Juha, lavash bread on saj, and if prepared in the tandir, the "llavash yapmag" lavash bread stick. The fact is that it was necessary to stick lavash bread on the hot inner walls of the tandir.
it is impossible to fight with lavash bread, as the proverb reads "Gyaldi lavash – Bitdili Savas" – "Came lavash – the end of the war". There are many people’s ideological expressions about lavash "Yavash-yavash -pendir- lavash " "Quietly (slow) – cheese lavash " or "Khamrali hash – bagryna bass", "Khamraliev" (kind of bread) push to the chest, i.e. . lavash bread – eat slowly. "Of lavash folk sandwiches are made in a roll shape – durmek. In the village where children ran out to play or school they were supplied with these sandwiches. Inside durmeks – rolls was put butter and jam, cheese, cottage cheese and butter, cheese with herbs, potatoes, boiled eggs, etc."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/mil-metb.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az}}</ref>
===Sacrificial monument Ashabi-Kahf===
{{main|Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan}}
'''Ashabi-Kahf''' is a sanctuary in a natural cave which is located in the eastern part of the city of Nakhchivan, between the mountains of Ilandag and Nahajir in Azerbaijan.Since ancient times Ashabi-Kahf is considered as a sacred place.It is known not only in Nakhchivan, but also in other regions of Azerbaijan and countries of the Middle East.Each year ten thousands of people make a pilgrimage to this place.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
===Museums and galleries===
The city also has many historical museums, the literature museum of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], Nakhchivan State History Museum, The Nakhchivan State Carpet Museum, and the house museums of [[Jamshid Nakhchivanski]] and [[Bahruz Kangarli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828134500/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm|archive-date=28 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is also an archaeological museum found on Istiqlal street. The city has a few interesting [[mosque]]s, particularly the Juma [[mosque]], with its large dome.
Modern museums in Nakchivan include the Museum under Open Air, Heydar Aliyev Museum and the Memorial Museum (''Xatıra Muzeyi''), dedicated to the national strife between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Peart|first1=Ian|title=Land of Legend – Nakhchivan|url=http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/|website=www.visions.az|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113151241/http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Music and media===
The regional channels [[Nakhchivan TV]] and now-defunct [[Kanal 35]], and newspaper [[Sharg Gapisi]] are headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio-TV yayımı|url=http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/|access-date=13 November 2014|language=az|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027130212/http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Sports===
[[Araz Naxçivan]] one of the top futsal clubs in the European futsal arena and regularly participates in [[UEFA Futsal Cup]].<ref>[http://capital.trendaz.com/news/sports/795109.html Футзальный клуб «Араз» определился с соперниками по элитному раунду Кубка чемпионов] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120707035343/http://capital.trendaz.com/news/sports/795109.html |date=7 July 2012 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/news/kind=1/newsid=900489.html|title=Happy Friday night for Benfica, Puntar and Araz|website=uefa.com|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/clubs/club=90395/index.html|title=Club's uefa.com profile|website=uefa.com|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
Nakhchivan had one professional [[association football|football]] team, [[Araz-Naxçıvan PFK|Araz-Naxçıvan]], which competed in the top-flight of [[Azerbaijan]]i football, the [[Azerbaijan Premier League]].<ref name=araz>{{cite web|script-title=ru:В Нахчыване появится футбольный клуб Араз|url=http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html|work=Azerifootball.com|access-date=23 May 2013|language=ru|archive-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104160200/http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2014, the city hosted Masters Weightlifting World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|title=Masters World Cup 2014|url=http://nakhchivan2014.com/|website=nakhchivan2014.com|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110191534/http://nakhchivan2014.com/|archive-date=10 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Festivals ===
Nakhchivan is known for its "Goyja" fruit, sort of a cherry-plum, and hosts a traditional Goyja festival at the Nakhchivangala Historical-Architectural Museum Complex. Products made from goyja—jam, compote (drink), pickles, dried, lavasha (bread) – are shown at the festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan|title=Delicious goyja of Nakhchivan|website=turizm.nakhchivan.az|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065021/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan|title=The traditional GOYJA FESTIVAL will be held in Nakhchivan|website=turizm.nakhchivan.az|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065020/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan|url-status=live}}</ref>
Another festival organized annually in Nakhchivan is associated with kata ({{Langx|az|kətə}}) – flat pie with greens, which is made with shomu (wild spinach), mixed greens, [[Caulanthus inflatus|desert candle]], [[pumpkin]], [[Asphodelus|asphodel]], nettle, bean or [[lentil]] in a dough wrapped in the shape of an envelope and cooked in a [[Tandoor|tandir]]. Kata festival is aimed to show and promote the preparation manner of various types of the kata specific to different regions of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|NAR]]. The festival is held at the Historical-Architectural Museum Complex "Nakhchivangala" in April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naxcivantv.az/index.php/news/2658-kete.html|title=Cuisine of Nakhchivan – Kata|website=Naxçıvan TV|language=az-az|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065020/http://naxcivantv.az/index.php/news/2658-kete.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/538-kata-festival-finished|title="Kata" festival finished|website=turizm.nakhchivan.az|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065039/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/538-kata-festival-finished|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Naxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540|title=Naxçıvanda kətə festivalı keçiriləcək|website=State News Agency of Azerbaijan|language=az|access-date=2019-08-29|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204064958/https://azertag.az/xeber/Naxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.serqqapisi.az/index.php/ictimai-siaysi/18449-kaetae-festival-boeyuk-marazhla-zharsh-lan-b|title="Kətə" festivalı böyük maraqla qarşılanıb – serqqapisi.az|website=Şərq Qapısı newspaper|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>
==Education==
There are 3 professional, 6 musical, 22 secondary schools and a military cadet school in Nakhchivan administered by the city council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065024/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Universities and colleges===
Nakhchivan is home to numerous universities:
* [[Nakhchivan State University]]
* Nakhchivan Private University
* Nakhchivan Teachers Institute
==Transport==
===Public transport===
Nakhchivan's [[Trolleybuses in Nakhchivan|trolleybus system]] consisted of three lines at its height and existed until 2004.<ref name=electrotrans>{{cite web|title=15. Нахичевань (троллейбус)|trans-title=15. Nahičevan (trolleybus)|url=http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15|work=Горэлектротранс (Electrotrans) website|publisher=Дмитрий Зиновьев (Dmitry Zinoviev)|access-date=26 September 2012|language=ru|archive-date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111082125/http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Air===
[[File:NAJ front1.jpg|thumbnail|Nakhchivan International Airport]]
[[Nakhchivan International Airport]] is the only commercial airport serving Nakhchivan. The airport is connected by bus to the city center. There are domestic flights to Baku and international service to Russia and Turkey.
===Rail===
Currently, a light rail line operates from Nakhchivan southeast to [[Ordubad]] and northwest to [[Sharur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm|title=NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal|work=nakhchivan.az|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-date=10 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610063246/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Notable residents==
{{details|:Category:People from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic}}
The city's notable residents include: president of Azerbaijan [[Heydar Aliyev]], [[Huseyn Javid]] – poet and playwright, founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature, writer [[Jalil Mammadguluzadeh]], opera singer [[Azer Zeynalov]], film director [[Rza Tahmasib]], generals [[Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski]] and [[Jamshid Nakhchivanski]], artist [[Bahruz Kangarli]] and architect [[Ajami Nakhchivani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp|script-title=ru:Алиев Гейдар Али Рза оглы|publisher=Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898–1991|language=ru|title=00188|access-date=11 December 2010|archive-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002212200/http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Heydar Aliyev 1997.jpg|[[Heydar Aliyev]], was the longest serving political leader in Azerbaijan.
File:Huseyn Javid.jpg|[[Huseyn Javid]], was the founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature.
File:Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, c. 1920.jpg|[[Jalil Mammadguluzadeh]], was an Azerbaijani satirist and writer.
File:Dudanginski.jpg|[[Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli]], was a [[Soviet army]] major who defected to the [[Nazi Germany|German forces]] during [[World War II]].
File:Khetcho Commander of cavalry Armenian volunteer units.jpg|[[Khetcho]], Armenian activist, combatant and one of key supporter of the [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]]
File:Jamshid Nakhchivanski in 1931.jpg|[[Jamshid Nakhchivanski]], was a [[Russian Imperial Army|Russian Imperial]], [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijani]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] military commander.
File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2016-1247.jpg|[[Ajami Nakhchivani|Memar Ajami]], the founder of the [[Nakhchivan school of architecture]]
File:Bahruz Kengerli.jpg|[[Bahruz Kangarli]], the founder of realistic easel painting of Azerbaijan.
File:Rza tahmasib.jpg|[[Rza Tahmasib]], film director and actor.
File:Khan Nakhichevanski.jpg|[[Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski]], was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Emperor.
File:Nazli Najafova.png|alt=The Azeri educator Nazli Najafova.|[[Nazli Najafova]], pioneering educator of women and girls.
File:AR Prezident Administrasiyasının ictimai-siyasi məsələlər şöbəsinin müdiri Əli Həsənov - VOA - 02.jpg|[[Ali M. Hasanov]], served as the National Adviser to the [[President of Azerbaijan]].
</gallery>
== International relations ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia#Azerbaijan|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Azerbaijan}}
=== Twin towns ===
Nakhchivan is [[Sister cities|twinned]] with various cities.
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Batumi]], Georgia, {{small|(since 2012)}}<ref name="Batumi twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|title=Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities|access-date=2013-08-10|work=Batumi City Hall|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504220350/http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|archive-date=2012-05-04}}</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery heights="200" mode="packed">
File:Nakhchivan city.JPG|Nakhchivan city
File:Nakhchivan khan palace7.JPG|[[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans]]
File:Momine Fragment.jpg|Face Pattern of the [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]]
File:Huseyn Javid Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view).jpg|[[Huseyn Javid]] Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view)
File:City of naxcivan view from plane.jpg|The aerial view of the city in 2006
File:First language in Azerbaijani.JPG|Monument for the [[:en:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani language]]
File:Nakhchivan city femme centre.JPG|Old Mosque (17-18 Centuries)
File:Təbriz mehmanxanasından görünüş.jpg|View from Tabriz Hotel
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Nakhchivan Khanate]] - Turkic Khanate which ruled over the region in 18th century
* [[Thamanin]] in [[Southeastern Anatolia Region|southeast Turkey]]
* [[Battle of Nakhchivan|Battle of Nakhicevan]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =GENOA| last1 = Bernardini| first1 =Michele | url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/genoa-| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year =2000}}
* {{cite book |last=Blankinship|first=Khalid Yahya |date=1994|title=The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads|publisher=State University of New York Press}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =NAḴJAVĀN| last1 = Bosworth| first1 =C. Edmund | url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nakjavan| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year =2013}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article =ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period| last1 = Chaumont| first1 =M. L. | url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-ii| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year =1986}}
* {{cite book |last=Hille|first=Charlotte Mathilde Louise |date=2010 |title=State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus|publisher=BRILL}}
* {{cite book |last=Lanser|first=Richard D.|date=2007|url=http://www.noahsarksearch.com/An_Armenian_Perspective_On_The_Search_For_Noah%27s_Ark.pdf|title=An Armenian Perspective on the Search for Noah's Ark |publisher=Associates for Biblical Research}}
* {{cite book |last=Lint|first=Theo van|date=2018|chapter=Nakhchivan|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, ed. Oliver Nicholson|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Rayfield|first=Donald |date=2013|title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia|publisher=Reaktion Books}}
* {{cite book |last1=Thomas|first1=David|last2=Mallett|first2=Alexander |first3=Barbara |last3=Roggema |date=2010|title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900–1050)|publisher=BRILL}}
*[http://doi.science.gov.az/pages/journals/azh/pdf/azh2024_1_29.pdf Jamalova Nigar. Armenia’s plans on the Nakhchivan territory and the countermeasures of the Azerbaijan government (1918-1920). Journal of Azərbaycan Tarixşünaslığı / Azerbaijan Historiography. 2024/6. p.25-49]
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nakhchivan (city)}}
* [http://www.azeri.net/azerbaijan/category/cities/nakhchivan/ Nakhchivan Guide]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090918144912/http://www.nakhchivan.az/ Nakhchivan Portal]
* {{GEOnet2|32FA8815009B3774E0440003BA962ED3|Nakhchivan (as Naxçıvan)}}
* [http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-26&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=x World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan]{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – World-Gazetteer.com
{{Nakhchivan City}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}
{{Iranian Architecture}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nakhchivan (city)}}
[[Category:Nakhchivan (city)| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Districts of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]]
[[Category:Erivan Governorate]]
[[Category:Mount Ararat]]
[[Category:Nakhichevan Khanate]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -6,6 +6,41 @@
| native_name = Naxçıvan
| type = [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|City]]
-| image_skyline = NakchivanMontage2021.jpg
-|image_caption = Landmarks of Nakhchivan, from top left:<br />[[Garabaghlar Mausoleum]] • [[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans|Khan Palace]]<br />Nakhcivan Hospital • [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum|Momine Khatun]]<br />City Centre • Juma Mosque<br />Feminine Centre • Nakhcivan Mountains
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+ | alt1 = Flagpole
+ | caption1 = Flagpole
+ | image2 = Nuh türbəsi.jpg
+ | alt2 = Noah's Mausoleum
+ | caption2 = [[Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)|Noah's Mausoleum]]
+ | image3 = Mömünəxatun türbəsi 2018.jpg
+ | alt3 = Momine Khatun Mausoleum
+ | caption3 = [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]]
+ | image4 = Huseyn Javid Mausoleum at Nakhchivan.jpg
+ | alt4 = Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid
+ | caption4 = [[Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid]]
+ | image5 = Naxçıvan Cümə məscidi.jpg
+ | alt5 = Jame Mosque of Nakhchivan
+ | caption5 = Jame Mosque of Nakhchivan
+ | image6 = Naxçıvan xan sarayı 2016.jpg
+ | alt6 = Palace of Nakhchivan Khans
+ | caption6 = [[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans]]
+ | image7 = Naxçıvan Mərkəzi Xəstəxanası.jpg
+ | alt7 = Nakhchivan Center Hospital
+ | caption7 = Nakhchivan Center Hospital
+ | image8 = Nakhchivan city.JPG
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+ | caption8 = A street in Nakhchivan
+ | image9 = Yusif ibn Küseyr türbəsinin ümumi görünüşü.jpg
+ | alt9 = Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum
+ | caption9 = [[Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum]]
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+ | alt10 = Aerial view of Nakhchivan
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Azerbaijan</div>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nakhchivan</div>
<div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Naxçıvan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Noah's Mausoleum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg/87px-Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg/131px-Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg/174px-Nuh_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="3014" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah%27s_Mausoleum_(Nakhchivan,_Azerbaijan)" title="Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)">Noah's Mausoleum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_xan_saray%C4%B1_2016.jpg/200px-Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_xan_saray%C4%B1_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3644" data-file-height="2105" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Nakhchivan_Khans" title="Palace of Nakhchivan Khans">Palace of Nakhchivan Khans</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div style="height:57px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nakhchivan Center Hospital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg/94px-Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg/141px-Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg/188px-Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_X%C9%99st%C9%99xanas%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1444" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Nakhchivan Center Hospital</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:193px;max-width:193px"><div style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nakhchivan_city.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A street in Nakhchivan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhchivan_city.JPG/191px-Nakhchivan_city.JPG" decoding="async" width="191" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhchivan_city.JPG/287px-Nakhchivan_city.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhchivan_city.JPG/382px-Nakhchivan_city.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">A street in Nakhchivan</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg/93px-Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg/140px-Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg/186px-Yusif_ibn_K%C3%BCseyr_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99sinin_%C3%BCmumi_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusif_ibn_Kuseyir_Mausoleum" title="Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum">Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:216px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of Nakhchivan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg/288px-City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg/432px-City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg/576px-City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Aerial view of Nakhchivan</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Nakhchivan"><img alt="Location of Nakhchivan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg/250px-Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg/375px-Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg/500px-Nakhchivan_city_in_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="919" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nakhchivan_(city)&params=39_12_58_N_45_24_38_E_region:AZ_type:city(94500)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°12′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°24′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.21611°N 45.41056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.21611; 45.41056</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the world">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Autonomous Republic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">190 km<sup>2</sup> (70 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">873 m (2,864 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_in_Azerbaijan" title="Census in Azerbaijan">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-statgov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statgov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">94,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nakhchivanly</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Time" title="Azerbaijan Time">AZT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ih.nakhchivan.az">ih<wbr />.nakhchivan<wbr />.az</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Nakhchivan</b> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">Naxçıvan</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Azerbaijani pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="az-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">[nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn]</a></span>) is the capital and largest city of the eponymous <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a>, a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave#True_exclaves" title="Enclave and exclave">true exclave</a> of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, located 450 km (280 mi) west of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fliabad,_Nakhchivan" title="Əliabad, Nakhchivan">Əliabad</a> and the villages of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Başbaşı">Başbaşı</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulqan" title="Bulqan">Bulqan</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haciniyy%C9%99t" title="Haciniyyət">Haciniyyət</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C3%A7uq" title="Qaraçuq">Qaraçuq</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraxanb%C9%99yli,_Nakhchivan" title="Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan">Qaraxanbəyli</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbul" title="Tumbul">Tumbul</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C4%9Fal%C4%B1q" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarağalıq">Qarağalıq</a>, and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%9Fduz" title="Daşduz">Daşduz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is spread over the foothills of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangezur_Mountains" title="Zangezur Mountains">Zangezur Mountains</a>, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of 873 m (2,864 ft) above sea level.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Toponymy"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Toponymy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Classical_period"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Classical period</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Medieval_period"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Medieval period</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Modern_period"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Modern period</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Ecclesiastical_history"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ecclesiastical history</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Population"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Population</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Architecture"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Cuisine"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cuisine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Sacrificial_monument_Ashabi-Kahf"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sacrificial monument Ashabi-Kahf</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Museums_and_galleries"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Museums and galleries</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Music_and_media"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Music and media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Festivals"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">Festivals</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Universities_and_colleges"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Universities and colleges</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Transport"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Transport</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Public_transport"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Public transport</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Air"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Air</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Rail"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Rail</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Notable_residents"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notable residents</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#International_relations"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">International relations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Twin_towns"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Twin towns</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The city's official Azerbaijani spelling is "Nakhchivan" (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">Naxçıvan</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is transliterated from Persian as Nakhjavan (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نخجوان</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's name is transliterated from Russian as Nakhichevan' (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Нахичевань</span>) and from Armenian as Nakhijevan (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Նախիջևան</span>, <small><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">Naxiǰewan</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The city was first mentioned in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i> as <i>Naxuana</i> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ναξουὰνα</span>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Naxuana</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Brockhaus_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockhaus-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The older form of the name is <i>Naxčawan</i> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Նախճաւան</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to philologist <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%BCbschmann" title="Heinrich Hübschmann">Heinrich Hübschmann</a>, the name was originally borne by the city and later given to the surrounding region.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hübschmann believed the name to be composed of <i>Naxič</i> or <i>Naxuč</i> (probably a personal name) and <i>awan</i>, an Armenian word (ultimately of Iranian origin) meaning "place, town".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the Armenian tradition, the name of the city is connected with the Biblical narrative of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a> and interpreted as meaning "place of the first descent" or "first resting place" (as if deriving from <span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:նախ">նախ</a></span></span>, <span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">nax</i></span>, 'first' and <span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:իջեւան">իջեւան</a></span></span>, <span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">ijewan</i></span>, 'abode, resting place') due to it being regarded as the site where <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> descended and settled after the landing of the Ark on nearby <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was probably under the influence of this tradition that the name changed in Armenian from the older <i>Naxčawan</i> to <i>Naxijewan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this is a folk etymology, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whiston" title="William Whiston">William Whiston</a> believed Nakhchivan/Nakhijevan to be the <i>Apobatērion</i> ("place of descent") mentioned by the first-century Jewish historian <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a> in connection with Noah's Ark, which would make the tradition connecting the name with the Biblical figure Noah very old, predating Armenia's conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Josephus2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josephus2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_period">Classical period</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In the Armenian tradition, Nakhchivan was founded by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> after the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Flood</a>, and was the place of his death and burial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanser2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanser2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Armenian historian <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Movses Khorenatsi</a>, King <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigranes_I" title="Tigranes I">Tigranes I</a> of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> settled <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Median</a> prisoners of war at Nakhchivan in the second century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nakhchivan is first mentioned in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geographia</a></i> as Naxuana (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <i lang="el">Ναξουὰνα</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Nakhchivan was destroyed by <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shahanshah</a></i> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> in 363 and its Armenian and Jewish population was deported to Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Lint_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lint-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> travelled through the city en route to <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a> in 623 during the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The Arab siege of Nakhchivan in 650AD led <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Rshtuni" title="Theodore Rshtuni">Theodore Rshtuni</a> to conclude a truce.<sup id="cite_ref-Lint_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lint-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the rebellion of 703AD <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Marwan" title="Muhammad ibn Marwan">Muhammad ibn Marwan</a> had the rebel <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakharar" title="Nakharar">nobles</a> burnt alive in churches in Nakhchivan and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goghtn" title="Goghtn">Goghtn</a> in 705.<sup id="cite_ref-Lint_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lint-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nakhchivan temporarily came under the control of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 900</span>, but was swiftly taken by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abi%27l-Saj" title="Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj">Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was the temporary refuge of <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a></i> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusrat_al-Din_Abu_Bakr" title="Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr">Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr</a> after his defeat at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shamkor" title="Battle of Shamkor">Battle of Shamkor</a> in 1195, and Nakhchivan was conquered by the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a> in 1197.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The city and its surroundings were ruled either directly or indirectly by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid Armenia</a> from 1201 to 1350, but more often than not they only had partial independence and often were vassals of other Empires.<sup id="cite_ref-Grekov_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grekov-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1225, Nakhchivan was occupied by al-Maleka al-Jalāliya, daughter of <i>Atabeg</i> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Jahan_Pahlavan" title="Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan">Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1236 Nakhchivan was occupied by the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> and later the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> forcing Zakarid Armenia to pay taxes to the Mongol lords as well as owing them loyalty and troops.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genoese merchants were known to trade in the city by 1280.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was conquered by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> in 1401,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was taken by King <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VII_of_Georgia" title="George VII of Georgia">George VII of Georgia</a> in 1405.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/220px-Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/330px-Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/440px-Bahruz_Kangarli_-_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahruz_Kangarli" title="Bahruz Kangarli">Bahruz Kangarli</a>: Landscape with a house</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_(The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city),_1910s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city%29%2C_1910s.png/220px-%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city%29%2C_1910s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city%29%2C_1910s.png/330px-%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city%29%2C_1910s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city%29%2C_1910s.png/440px-%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28The_Armenian_district_and_church_of_Nakhijevan_city%29%2C_1910s.png 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption>View of the Armenian quarter of the city, 1910s</figcaption></figure>
<p>Nakhchivan was conquered by <i>Shahanshah</i> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I" title="Ismail I">Ismail I</a> in 1503.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Shahanshah</i> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Abbas I of Persia</a> reconquered Nakhchivan from the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1603–1604.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later the city served as the capital of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Nakhichevan Khanate</a>.
</p><p>Nakhchivan Khanate was annexed to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> per the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a> in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille66_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille66-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city became the centre of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhichevan_uezd" title="Nakhichevan uezd">Nakhichevan uezd</a> of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a> in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille66_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille66-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, Nakhchivan had a population of 7,433, roughly two-thirds of which were Azeri-speaking Muslims and one-third Armenian Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 census">1897 census</a>, Nakhchivan had the status of a county town (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">у. г. / уездный город</span>, <small><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">u. g. / uyezdny gorod</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-1897census_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1897census-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png/30px-1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png/45px-1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png/60px-1843_Nakhichevan_Coat_of_Arms.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Nakhchivan City coat of arms under <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russia</a> (designed in 1843)</figcaption></figure>
<p>After the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917, a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">soviet</a> was formed in Nakhchivan, but the city was under the control of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Transcaucasian_Committee" title="Special Transcaucasian Committee">Special Transcaucasian Committee</a> from March to November 1917, and its successor the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Commissariat" title="Transcaucasian Commissariat">Transcaucasian Commissariat</a> from November 1917 to March 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille170_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille170-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> occupied Nakhchivan from June until November,<sup id="cite_ref-Hille170_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille170-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which the city was occupied by British soldiers in January 1919,<sup id="cite_ref-Hille173_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille173-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a military governor was appointed to administer Nakhchivan.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille170_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille170-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_(Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street,_Nakhichevan,_Nakhichevan).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_%28Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street%2C_Nakhichevan%2C_Nakhichevan%29.jpg/220px-The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_%28Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street%2C_Nakhichevan%2C_Nakhichevan%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_%28Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street%2C_Nakhichevan%2C_Nakhichevan%29.jpg/330px-The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_%28Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street%2C_Nakhichevan%2C_Nakhichevan%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_%28Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street%2C_Nakhichevan%2C_Nakhichevan%29.jpg/440px-The_Soviet_Union_1961_CPA_2583_stamp_%28Capitals_of_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics._Lenin_Street%2C_Nakhichevan%2C_Nakhichevan%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Nakhchivan on a 1961 stamp</figcaption></figure>
<p>It was decided that Nakhchivan would be granted to Armenia on 6 April 1919, and the city was annexed on 6 June 1919,<sup id="cite_ref-Hille171_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille171-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, some months later the city became the center of a regional <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_uprisings_in_Kars_and_Sharur%E2%80%93Nakhichevan#Sharur–Nakhichevan" title="Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan">Muslim uprising</a> and pogrom against its Armenian inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain, France, Italy, and the US, with approval from Armenia and Azerbaijan, agreed on 25 October 1919 to appoint American Colonel Edmond D. Daily as General-Governor of Nakhchivan, elections would be held, and both Armenia and Azerbaijan would withdraw its forces from the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in March 1920, Turkish forces led by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir" title="Kâzım Karabekir">Kâzım Karabekir</a> occupied Nakhchivan.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille173_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille173-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a> took control of Nakhchivan on 28 July 1920, and the city became part of the newly formed <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille172_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille172-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1921)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1921)">Treaty of Moscow</a> of 16 March 1921, and later the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a> of 21 October 1921, between <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> agreed that <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhicheva</a> would be an autonomous territory under the protection of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan</a> and delimited its borders with Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1923, the city formed part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Krai within the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (ASSR), but later became the capital of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> within the ASSR in March 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-Hille172_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hille172-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>When Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union, Nakhchivan remained part of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>. Following the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war</a>, a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">trilateral ceasefire</a> was signed between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia. According to the agreement, Azerbaijan will gain a road access to Nakhchivan through Armenia which will be secured by Russian peacekeepers.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Since 9 June 2009, the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulqan" title="Bulqan">Bulqan</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C3%A7uq" title="Qaraçuq">Qaraçuq</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraxanb%C9%99yli,_Nakhchivan" title="Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan">Qaraxanbəyli</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbul" title="Tumbul">Tumbul</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haciniyy%C9%99t" title="Haciniyyət">Haciniyyət</a> villages of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babek_District" title="Babek District">Babek District</a> are included in the scope of the administrative-territorial unit of the Nakhchivan city.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_history">Ecclesiastical history</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The bishop of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardpetakan" title="Mardpetakan">Mardpetakan</a> resided at Nakhchivan,<sup id="cite_ref-Lint_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lint-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Armenian historian <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovma_Artsruni" title="Tovma Artsruni">Tovma Artsruni</a> records Sahak Vahevuni as bishop of Nakhchivan and Mardpetakan and brother of Apusahak Vahevuni.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The city is spread over the foothills of Zangezur chain, on the right bank of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nakhchivan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhchivan River (page does not exist)">Nakhchivan River</a> at an altitude of almost 1,000 metres (3,300 feet). The floods and soil erosion spiked because of the decreased forest cover along riverbanks.<sup id="cite_ref-goodiz_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodiz-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a> projects implemented in the city to encourage tree planting.<sup id="cite_ref-goodiz_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodiz-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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</span>
</div>
<p>Nakhchivan has a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>BSk</i>) with short but cold, snowy winters and long, dry, very hot summers.
</p>
<div>
<table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="14">Climate data for Nakhchivan (1991–2020 normals)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Month
</th>
<th scope="col">Jan
</th>
<th scope="col">Feb
</th>
<th scope="col">Mar
</th>
<th scope="col">Apr
</th>
<th scope="col">May
</th>
<th scope="col">Jun
</th>
<th scope="col">Jul
</th>
<th scope="col">Aug
</th>
<th scope="col">Sep
</th>
<th scope="col">Oct
</th>
<th scope="col">Nov
</th>
<th scope="col">Dec
</th>
<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
</th>
<td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.0<br />(67.9)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)
</th>
<td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
</th>
<td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches)
</th>
<td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(0.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(0.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(0.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(0.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(0.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(0.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(0.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">267<br />(10.5)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days
</th>
<td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5
</td>
<td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4
</td>
<td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6
</td>
<td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7
</td>
<td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9
</td>
<td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2
</td>
<td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2
</td>
<td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4
</td>
<td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4
</td>
<td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a>
</th>
<td style="background: #979797; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9
</td>
<td style="background: #BABA48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.3
</td>
<td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.3
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.6
</td>
<td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.5
</td>
<td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">324.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">364.4
</td>
<td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">338.7
</td>
<td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">302.5
</td>
<td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.6
</td>
<td style="background: #C5C505; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.1
</td>
<td style="background: #B6B65C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.1
</td>
<td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,660
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a>
</th>
<td style="background: #9B9B9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7
</td>
<td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2
</td>
<td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1
</td>
<td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8
</td>
<td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2
</td>
<td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8
</td>
<td style="background: #FEFE32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8
</td>
<td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1
</td>
<td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7
</td>
<td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9
</td>
<td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9
</td>
<td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA (precipitation 1971–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Meteostat<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Deutscher wetterdinest (Daily sunshine 1971–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>According to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Statistics_Committee_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Statistics Committee (Azerbaijan)">State Statistics Committee</a> of Azerbaijan, the number of population of city was 63,8 thousand in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>The population of Nakhchivan (at the beginning of the year, thsd. persons)
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Population
</th>
<th>2000
</th>
<th>2001
</th>
<th>2002
</th>
<th>2003
</th>
<th>2004
</th>
<th>2005
</th>
<th>2006
</th>
<th>2007
</th>
<th>2008
</th>
<th>2009
</th>
<th>2010
</th>
<th>2011
</th>
<th>2012
</th>
<th>2013
</th>
<th>2014
</th>
<th>2015
</th>
<th>2016
</th>
<th>2017
</th>
<th>2018
</th>
<th>2019
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nakhchivan town
</td>
<td>63,8
</td>
<td>64,2
</td>
<td>64,7
</td>
<td>65,1
</td>
<td>70,7
</td>
<td>71,0
</td>
<td>71,3
</td>
<td>71,7
</td>
<td>72,7
</td>
<td>82,4
</td>
<td>83,4
</td>
<td>84,7
</td>
<td>86,4
</td>
<td>88,0
</td>
<td>89,5
</td>
<td>90,3
</td>
<td>91,1
</td>
<td>92,1
</td>
<td>92,9
</td>
<td>93,7
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Urban population
</td>
<td>63,8
</td>
<td>64,2
</td>
<td>64,7
</td>
<td>65,1
</td>
<td>70,7
</td>
<td>71,0
</td>
<td>71,3
</td>
<td>71,7
</td>
<td>72,7
</td>
<td>73,7
</td>
<td>73,8
</td>
<td>75,4
</td>
<td>76,8
</td>
<td>78,3
</td>
<td>79,5
</td>
<td>80,2
</td>
<td>80,9
</td>
<td>81,8
</td>
<td>82,6
</td>
<td>83,2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Rural population
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td>8,7
</td>
<td>9,6
</td>
<td>9,3
</td>
<td>9,6
</td>
<td>9,7
</td>
<td>10,0
</td>
<td>10,1
</td>
<td>10,2
</td>
<td>10,3
</td>
<td>10,3
</td>
<td>10,5
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>Ethnic composition of Nakhchivan
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th rowspan="2">Nationality
</th>
<th colspan="2">1829–1832 census<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="2">1897 census<sup id="cite_ref-Нахичеванский_уезд_-_г._Нахичевань_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Нахичеванский_уезд_-_г._Нахичевань-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th>
<th colspan="2">1916 almanac<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th>
<th colspan="2">1926 census<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th>
<th colspan="2">1939 census<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>%
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>%
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>%
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>%
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>%
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td align="right">3,624
</td>
<td align="right">66.25
</td>
<td align="right">6,161
</td>
<td align="right">70.09
</td>
<td align="right">6,026
</td>
<td align="right">67.45
</td>
<td align="right">7,567
</td>
<td align="right">73.49
</td>
<td align="right">11,901
</td>
<td align="right">75.83
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>
</td>
<td align="right">1,825
</td>
<td align="right">33.36
</td>
<td align="right">2,263
</td>
<td align="right">25.75
</td>
<td align="right">2,665
</td>
<td align="right">29.83
</td>
<td align="right">1,065
</td>
<td align="right">10.34
</td>
<td align="right">2,033
</td>
<td align="right">12.95
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>
</td>
<td align="right">0
</td>
<td align="right">0.00
</td>
<td align="right">216
</td>
<td align="right">2.46
</td>
<td align="right">147
</td>
<td align="right">1.65
</td>
<td align="right">1,376
</td>
<td align="right">13.36
</td>
<td align="right">1,420
</td>
<td align="right">9.05
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>
</td>
<td align="right">0
</td>
<td align="right">0.00
</td>
<td align="right">2
</td>
<td align="right">0.02
</td>
<td align="right">0
</td>
<td align="right">0.00
</td>
<td align="right">6
</td>
<td align="right">0.06
</td>
<td align="right">32
</td>
<td align="right">0.20
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>
</td>
<td align="right">17
</td>
<td align="right">0.31
</td>
<td align="right">24
</td>
<td align="right">0.27
</td>
<td align="right">72
</td>
<td align="right">0.81
</td>
<td align="right">24
</td>
<td align="right">0.23
</td>
<td align="right">19
</td>
<td align="right">0.12
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Others
</td>
<td align="right">4
</td>
<td align="right">0.07
</td>
<td align="right">124
</td>
<td align="right">1.41
</td>
<td align="right">24
</td>
<td align="right">0.27
</td>
<td align="right">258
</td>
<td align="right">2.51
</td>
<td align="right">289
</td>
<td align="right">1.84
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>TOTAL
</th>
<th>5,470
</th>
<th>100.00
</th>
<th>8,790
</th>
<th>100.00
</th>
<th>8,934
</th>
<th>100.00
</th>
<th>10,296
</th>
<th>100.00
</th>
<th>15,694
</th>
<th>100.00
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Traditionally, Nakhchivan was home to trade industry, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicraft</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">shoemaking</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">hatmaking</a> by Azerbaijanians. These industries have been largely replaced. The restoration enterprises and development industry, liberalization of foreign trade and the extension of the customs <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a>, which has been largely responsible for Nakchivan's <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">growth</a> in the last two decades, are now major parts of Nakchivan's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The city has a wide range of cultural activities, amenities and museums. Heydar Aliyev Palace, which has a permanent local painting exhibition and a theatre hall for an audience of 1000 people, and a recently restored Soviet-time Opera Theatre where the Nakhchivan State Musical Drama Theatre realises theatre plays, concerts, musicals and opera.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Many of the city's cultural sites were celebrated in 2018 when Nakhchivan was designated an Islamic Culture Capital.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg/220px-M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg/330px-M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg/440px-M%C3%B6m%C3%BCn%C9%99xatun_t%C3%BCrb%C9%99si_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="3431" /></a><figcaption><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momine_Khatun_Mausoleum" title="Momine Khatun Mausoleum">Momine Khatun Mausoleum</a> is one of the most recognisable landmarks in Azerbaijan.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The city is home <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momine_Khatun_Mausoleum" title="Momine Khatun Mausoleum">Momine Khatun Mausoleum</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulustan_Mausoleum" title="Gulustan Mausoleum">Gulustan Mausoleum</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah%27s_Mausoleum_(Nakhchivan,_Azerbaijan)" title="Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)">Noah's Mausoleum</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garabaghlar_Mausoleum" title="Garabaghlar Mausoleum">Garabaghlar Mausoleum</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusif_ibn_Kuseyir_Mausoleum" title="Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum">Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamzadeh_complex_in_Nakhchivan" title="Imamzadeh complex in Nakhchivan">Imamzadeh mausoleum</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Huseyn_Javid" title="Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid">Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid</a> mausoleums.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The main sight in the city is the heavily restored 12th-century <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momine_Khatun_Mausoleum" title="Momine Khatun Mausoleum">Momine Khatun Mausoleum</a>, also known as Atabek Gumbezi. Momine Khatun was the wife of Eldegizid <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atabek" class="mw-redirect" title="Atabek">Atabek</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atabegs_of_Azerbaijan#Muhammad_Jahan_Pehlevan" class="mw-redirect" title="Atabegs of Azerbaijan">Jahan Pahlivan</a>, ruler of the Atabek Eldegiz emirate. The 10-sided monument is decorated with intricate geometrical motives and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic script</a>, it uses turquoise glazed bricks. It shares the neighbourhood with a statue of its <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a> – <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajami_Nakhchivani" title="Ajami Nakhchivani">Ajami Nakhchivani</a> – and a bust of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a>. Also from the 12th century and by the same architect, is the octagonal Yusuf Ibn Kuseir tomb, known as <i>Atababa</i>, half abandoned near the main cemetery.
</p><p>In 1993, the white marble <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Huseyn_Javid" title="Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid">mausoleum</a> of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Javid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein Javid">Hussein Javid</a> was built. The Azerbaijani writer died in the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> during <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a>. Both the mausoleum and his house museum are located east of the theatre. Although being a recent construction, Huseyn Javid's mausoleum is of great iconic importance, representing the ability of the exclave to live despite the Armenian embargo and becoming a symbol of Nakhchivan itself.
</p><p>The mausoleums of Nakhchivan were entered for possible inclusion in the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites">List of World Heritage Sites</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1998 by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulnara_Mehmandarova" title="Gulnara Mehmandarova">Gulnara Mehmandarova</a> – president of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> Committee of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOMOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ICOMOS">ICOMOS</a>—<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_on_Monuments_and_Sites" title="International Council on Monuments and Sites">International Council on Monuments and Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this section be <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> out into another article titled <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tendir_lavash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tendir lavash (page does not exist)">Tendir lavash</a></i>. (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Talk:Nakhchivan (city)">Discuss</a>) <small><i>(November 2020)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Nakchivan’s signature cuisine includes <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plov" class="mw-redirect" title="Plov">shirin plov</a> (sweet rice with gravy; made with mutton, hazelnuts, almonds and dried fruits), dastana, komba, tendir lavash and galin.
</p><p>Lavash is made with flour, water, and salt. The thickness of the bread varies depending on how thin it was rolled out. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on before baking. It is impossible to imagine any table without bread in Azerbaijan and also in Nakhchivan. In connection with this, the assortment of bread in Nakhchivan is different; the tendir lavash as thin as paper, galin (thick), dastana, and komba (ash cake). If prepared to saj it was called lavash, "Juha salmag" – spread Juha, lavash bread on saj, and if prepared in the tandir, the "llavash yapmag" lavash bread stick. The fact is that it was necessary to stick lavash bread on the hot inner walls of the tandir.
it is impossible to fight with lavash bread, as the proverb reads "Gyaldi lavash – Bitdili Savas" – "Came lavash – the end of the war". There are many people’s ideological expressions about lavash "Yavash-yavash -pendir- lavash " "Quietly (slow) – cheese lavash " or "Khamrali hash – bagryna bass", "Khamraliev" (kind of bread) push to the chest, i.e. . lavash bread – eat slowly. "Of lavash folk sandwiches are made in a roll shape – durmek. In the village where children ran out to play or school they were supplied with these sandwiches. Inside durmeks – rolls was put butter and jam, cheese, cottage cheese and butter, cheese with herbs, potatoes, boiled eggs, etc."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacrificial_monument_Ashabi-Kahf">Sacrificial monument Ashabi-Kahf</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashabi-Kahf_in_Nakhchivan" title="Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan">Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan</a></div>
<p><b>Ashabi-Kahf</b> is a sanctuary in a natural cave which is located in the eastern part of the city of Nakhchivan, between the mountains of Ilandag and Nahajir in Azerbaijan.Since ancient times Ashabi-Kahf is considered as a sacred place.It is known not only in Nakhchivan, but also in other regions of Azerbaijan and countries of the Middle East.Each year ten thousands of people make a pilgrimage to this place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The city also has many historical museums, the literature museum of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a>, Nakhchivan State History Museum, The Nakhchivan State Carpet Museum, and the house museums of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshid_Nakhchivanski" title="Jamshid Nakhchivanski">Jamshid Nakhchivanski</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahruz_Kangarli" title="Bahruz Kangarli">Bahruz Kangarli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an archaeological museum found on Istiqlal street. The city has a few interesting <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>, particularly the Juma <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>, with its large dome.
</p><p>Modern museums in Nakchivan include the Museum under Open Air, Heydar Aliyev Museum and the Memorial Museum (<i>Xatıra Muzeyi</i>), dedicated to the national strife between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_media">Music and media</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The regional channels <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_TV" title="Nakhchivan TV">Nakhchivan TV</a> and now-defunct <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_35" title="Kanal 35">Kanal 35</a>, and newspaper <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharg_Gapisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharg Gapisi (page does not exist)">Sharg Gapisi</a> are headquartered in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araz_Nax%C3%A7ivan" title="Araz Naxçivan">Araz Naxçivan</a> one of the top futsal clubs in the European futsal arena and regularly participates in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Futsal_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Futsal Cup">UEFA Futsal Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Nakhchivan had one professional <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araz-Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_PFK" title="Araz-Naxçıvan PFK">Araz-Naxçıvan</a>, which competed in the top-flight of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani</a> football, the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Premier_League" title="Azerbaijan Premier League">Azerbaijan Premier League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-araz_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-araz-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2014, the city hosted Masters Weightlifting World Cup.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Nakhchivan is known for its "Goyja" fruit, sort of a cherry-plum, and hosts a traditional Goyja festival at the Nakhchivangala Historical-Architectural Museum Complex. Products made from goyja—jam, compote (drink), pickles, dried, lavasha (bread) – are shown at the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Another festival organized annually in Nakhchivan is associated with kata (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">kətə</i>) – flat pie with greens, which is made with shomu (wild spinach), mixed greens, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulanthus_inflatus" title="Caulanthus inflatus">desert candle</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphodelus" title="Asphodelus">asphodel</a>, nettle, bean or <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentil</a> in a dough wrapped in the shape of an envelope and cooked in a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">tandir</a>. Kata festival is aimed to show and promote the preparation manner of various types of the kata specific to different regions of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">NAR</a>. The festival is held at the Historical-Architectural Museum Complex "Nakhchivangala" in April.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>There are 3 professional, 6 musical, 22 secondary schools and a military cadet school in Nakhchivan administered by the city council.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_colleges">Universities and colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Nakhchivan is home to numerous universities:
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_State_University" title="Nakhchivan State University">Nakhchivan State University</a></li>
<li>Nakhchivan Private University</li>
<li>Nakhchivan Teachers Institute</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Nakhchivan's <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Nakhchivan" title="Trolleybuses in Nakhchivan">trolleybus system</a> consisted of three lines at its height and existed until 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-electrotrans_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electrotrans-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAJ_front1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NAJ_front1.jpg/220px-NAJ_front1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NAJ_front1.jpg/330px-NAJ_front1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NAJ_front1.jpg/440px-NAJ_front1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption>Nakhchivan International Airport</figcaption></figure>
<p><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_International_Airport" title="Nakhchivan International Airport">Nakhchivan International Airport</a> is the only commercial airport serving Nakhchivan. The airport is connected by bus to the city center. There are domestic flights to Baku and international service to Russia and Turkey.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Currently, a light rail line operates from Nakhchivan southeast to <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordubad" title="Ordubad">Ordubad</a> and northwest to <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharur" title="Sharur">Sharur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Category:People from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Category:People from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a></div>
<p>The city's notable residents include: president of Azerbaijan <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Javid" title="Huseyn Javid">Huseyn Javid</a> – poet and playwright, founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature, writer <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalil_Mammadguluzadeh" title="Jalil Mammadguluzadeh">Jalil Mammadguluzadeh</a>, opera singer <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azer_Zeynalov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azer Zeynalov (page does not exist)">Azer Zeynalov</a>, film director <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rza_Tahmasib" title="Rza Tahmasib">Rza Tahmasib</a>, generals <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Khan_Nakhchivanski" title="Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski">Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshid_Nakhchivanski" title="Jamshid Nakhchivanski">Jamshid Nakhchivanski</a>, artist <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahruz_Kangarli" title="Bahruz Kangarli">Bahruz Kangarli</a> and architect <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajami_Nakhchivani" title="Ajami Nakhchivani">Ajami Nakhchivani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heydar Aliyev, was the longest serving political leader in Azerbaijan."><img alt="Heydar Aliyev, was the longest serving political leader in Azerbaijan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg/159px-Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg/239px-Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg/318px-Heydar_Aliyev_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1572" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a>, was the longest serving political leader in Azerbaijan.</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Huseyn_Javid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huseyn Javid, was the founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature."><img alt="Huseyn Javid, was the founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Huseyn_Javid.jpg/158px-Huseyn_Javid.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Huseyn_Javid.jpg/237px-Huseyn_Javid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Huseyn_Javid.jpg/315px-Huseyn_Javid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1815" data-file-height="2590" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Javid" title="Huseyn Javid">Huseyn Javid</a>, was the founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature.</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px">
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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalil_Mammadguluzadeh" title="Jalil Mammadguluzadeh">Jalil Mammadguluzadeh</a>, was an Azerbaijani satirist and writer.</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dudanginski.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, was a Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II."><img alt="Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, was a Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Dudanginski.jpg/179px-Dudanginski.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Dudanginski.jpg/269px-Dudanginski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Dudanginski.jpg/358px-Dudanginski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Fatalibeyli" title="Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli">Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli</a>, was a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet army">Soviet army</a> major who defected to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German forces</a> during <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</div>
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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khetcho" title="Khetcho">Khetcho</a>, Armenian activist, combatant and one of key supporter of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitutional Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jamshid Nakhchivanski, was a Russian Imperial, Azerbaijani and Soviet military commander."><img alt="Jamshid Nakhchivanski, was a Russian Imperial, Azerbaijani and Soviet military commander." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg/154px-Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg/232px-Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg/308px-Jamshid_Nakhchivanski_in_1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1154" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshid_Nakhchivanski" title="Jamshid Nakhchivanski">Jamshid Nakhchivanski</a>, was a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Imperial Army">Russian Imperial</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijani</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> military commander.</div>
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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajami_Nakhchivani" title="Ajami Nakhchivani">Memar Ajami</a>, the founder of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_school_of_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhchivan school of architecture">Nakhchivan school of architecture</a></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 108.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahruz_Kengerli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bahruz Kangarli, the founder of realistic easel painting of Azerbaijan."><img alt="Bahruz Kangarli, the founder of realistic easel painting of Azerbaijan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bahruz_Kengerli.jpg/163px-Bahruz_Kengerli.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bahruz_Kengerli.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="276" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahruz_Kangarli" title="Bahruz Kangarli">Bahruz Kangarli</a>, the founder of realistic easel painting of Azerbaijan.</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rza_tahmasib.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rza Tahmasib, film director and actor."><img alt="Rza Tahmasib, film director and actor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Rza_tahmasib.jpg/152px-Rza_tahmasib.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Rza_tahmasib.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rza_Tahmasib" title="Rza Tahmasib">Rza Tahmasib</a>, film director and actor.</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 108.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Emperor."><img alt="Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Emperor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg/163px-Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg/245px-Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg/327px-Khan_Nakhichevanski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Khan_Nakhchivanski" title="Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski">Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski</a>, was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Emperor.</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 111.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nazli_Najafova.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nazli Najafova, pioneering educator of women and girls."><img alt="The Azeri educator Nazli Najafova." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nazli_Najafova.png/167px-Nazli_Najafova.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nazli_Najafova.png/251px-Nazli_Najafova.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nazli_Najafova.png/334px-Nazli_Najafova.png 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazli_Najafova" title="Nazli Najafova">Nazli Najafova</a>, pioneering educator of women and girls.</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 211.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 209.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ali M. Hasanov, served as the National Adviser to the President of Azerbaijan."><img alt="Ali M. Hasanov, served as the National Adviser to the President of Azerbaijan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg/314px-AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg/471px-AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg/627px-AR_Prezident_Administrasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_ictimai-siyasi_m%C9%99s%C9%99l%C9%99l%C9%99r_%C5%9F%C3%B6b%C9%99sinin_m%C3%BCdiri_%C6%8Fli_H%C9%99s%C9%99nov_-_VOA_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_M._Hasanov" title="Ali M. Hasanov">Ali M. Hasanov</a>, served as the National Adviser to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">President of Azerbaijan</a>.</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Asia#Azerbaijan" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Azerbaijan</a></div>
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<p>Nakhchivan is <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">twinned</a> with various cities.
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<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Georgia, <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2012)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Batumi_twinnings_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batumi_twinnings-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nakhchivan_city.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nakhchivan city"><img alt="Nakhchivan city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhchivan_city.JPG/400px-Nakhchivan_city.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhchivan_city.JPG/600px-Nakhchivan_city.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhchivan_city.JPG/800px-Nakhchivan_city.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Nakhchivan city</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of Nakhchivan Khans"><img alt="Palace of Nakhchivan Khans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG/400px-Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG/600px-Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG/800px-Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Nakhchivan_Khans" title="Palace of Nakhchivan Khans">Palace of Nakhchivan Khans</a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 298.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Momine_Fragment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Face Pattern of the Momine Khatun Mausoleum"><img alt="Face Pattern of the Momine Khatun Mausoleum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Momine_Fragment.jpg/448px-Momine_Fragment.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Momine_Fragment.jpg/672px-Momine_Fragment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Momine_Fragment.jpg/895px-Momine_Fragment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2011" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Face Pattern of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momine_Khatun_Mausoleum" title="Momine Khatun Mausoleum">Momine Khatun Mausoleum</a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 313.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 311.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_(general_view).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huseyn Javid Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view)"><img alt="Huseyn Javid Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_%28general_view%29.jpg/467px-Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_%28general_view%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="312" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_%28general_view%29.jpg/700px-Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_%28general_view%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_%28general_view%29.jpg/933px-Huseyn_Javid_Home-Museum_at_Nakhchivan_%28general_view%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1975" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Javid" title="Huseyn Javid">Huseyn Javid</a> Home-Museum at Nakhchivan (general view)</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The aerial view of the city in 2006"><img alt="The aerial view of the city in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg/400px-City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg/600px-City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg/800px-City_of_naxcivan_view_from_plane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">The aerial view of the city in 2006</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument for the Azerbaijani language"><img alt="Monument for the Azerbaijani language" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG/262px-First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG/394px-First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG/525px-First_language_in_Azerbaijani.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1183" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Monument for the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Mosque (17-18 Centuries)"><img alt="Old Mosque (17-18 Centuries)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG/400px-Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG/600px-Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG/800px-Nakhchivan_city_femme_centre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Old Mosque (17-18 Centuries)</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Tabriz Hotel"><img alt="View from Tabriz Hotel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg/225px-T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg/337px-T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg/450px-T%C9%99briz_mehmanxanas%C4%B1ndan_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">View from Tabriz Hotel</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhchivan Khanate">Nakhchivan Khanate</a> - Turkic Khanate which ruled over the region in 18th century</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Thamanin">Thamanin</a> in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Anatolia Region">southeast Turkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nakhchivan" title="Battle of Nakhchivan">Battle of Nakhicevan</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mentioned as "Tatars" in the 1897 census, mentioned as "Shia Muslims" in the 1916 almanac, and as "Turks" or "Turko-Tatars" in the 1926 census. In the 1939 census, they are referred to as "Azerbaijanis".</span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azertag.az/xeber/NAXCHIVAN_SAHARINDAKI_HEYDAR_ALIYEV_MADANIYYAT_VA_ISTIRAHAT_PARKINDA_YENIDANQURMA_ISLARI_APARILMISDIR-440051">"NAXÇIVAN ŞƏHƏRİNDƏKİ HEYDƏR ƏLİYEV MƏDƏNİYYƏT VƏ İSTİRAHƏT PARKINDA YENİDƏNQURMA İŞLƏRİ APARILMIŞDIR"</a>. <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_State_News_Agency" title="Azerbaijan State News Agency">Azerbaijan State News Agency</a></i> (in Azerbaijani). 1 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijan+State+News+Agency&rft.atitle=NAX%C3%87IVAN+%C5%9E%C6%8FH%C6%8FR%C4%B0ND%C6%8FK%C4%B0+HEYD%C6%8FR+%C6%8FL%C4%B0YEV+M%C6%8FD%C6%8FN%C4%B0YY%C6%8FT+V%C6%8F+%C4%B0ST%C4%B0RAH%C6%8FT+PARKINDA+YEN%C4%B0D%C6%8FNQURMA+%C4%B0%C5%9EL%C6%8FR%C4%B0+APARILMI%C5%9EDIR&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fazertag.az%2Fxeber%2FNAXCHIVAN_SAHARINDAKI_HEYDAR_ALIYEV_MADANIYYAT_VA_ISTIRAHAT_PARKINDA_YENIDANQURMA_ISLARI_APARILMISDIR-440051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.president.az/articles/11353">"Ilham Aliyev attended ceremony to inaugurate Nakhchivan city reservoir and water purification plant complex"</a>. <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">President.az</a></i>. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Azerbaijan" title="Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan">Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan</a>. 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President.az&rft.atitle=Ilham+Aliyev+attended+ceremony+to+inaugurate+Nakhchivan+city+reservoir+and+water+purification+plant+complex&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fen.president.az%2Farticles%2F11353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/persian/world-41108682">"سی کتابی که مردم جمهوری خودمختار نخجوان 'باید' بخوانند"</a>. <i>BBC Persian Service</i> (in Persian). 1 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Persian+Service&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D9%87+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85+%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86+%27%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%27+%D8%A8%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fpersian%2Fworld-41108682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhatina_oglu2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Khatina oglu, Dalga (27 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/a-52550716">"خیز آذربایجان برای رهاندن نخجوان از وابستگی به ایران"</a>. <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86+%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft.aulast=Khatina+oglu&rft.aufirst=Dalga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.dw.com%2Ffa-ir%2F%25D8%25AE%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586-%25D9%2586%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%2Fa-52550716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakobyan2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hakobyan, Tatul (17 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/03/17/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%B4%D5%AB-%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80/378830">"Նախիջևանի կորուստը. մի քանի պատմական իրողություններ"</a> [The loss of Nakhijevan: some historical facts]. <i>CivilNet</i> (in Armenian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CivilNet&rft.atitle=%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A8.+%D5%B4%D5%AB+%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.aulast=Hakobyan&rft.aufirst=Tatul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.civilnet.am%2Fnews%2F2020%2F03%2F17%2F%25D5%2586%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BB%25D6%2587%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB-%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A8-%25D5%25B4%25D5%25AB-%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB-%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6-%25D5%25AB%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B2%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%2F378830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabayan2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Babayan, Aza (15 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31001786.html">"Ադրբեջանն ու Թուրքիան վաղը Իգդիր-Նախիջևան գազատարի վերաբերյալ հուշագիր կստորագրեն"</a> [Azerbaijan and Turkey will sign a memorandum on the Igdir-Nakhijevan gas pipeline tomorrow]. <i>Azatutyun</i> (in Armenian). <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Azatutyun&rft.atitle=%D4%B1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6+%D5%B8%D6%82+%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A8+%D4%BB%D5%A3%D5%A4%D5%AB%D6%80-%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB+%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC+%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80+%D5%AF%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.aulast=Babayan&rft.aufirst=Aza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.azatutyun.am%2Fa%2F31001786.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3021137.html">"Турецкие военные прибыли в Нахичевань для учений"</a> [Turkish military arrived in Nakhichevan for exercises]. <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REGNUM_News_Agency" title="REGNUM News Agency">REGNUM</a></i> (in Russian). 27 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065050/https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3021137.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REGNUM&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fregnum.ru%2Fnews%2Fpolit%2F3021137.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/31071859.html">"Зариф: "Есть реальная перспектива соединения железных дорог Армении и Ирана через Нахичевань"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Zarif: "There is a real prospect of connecting the railways of Armenia and Iran through Nakhichevan"]. <i>Эхо Кавказа</i> (in Russian). <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. 27 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%AD%D1%85%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%3A+%22%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%22&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.ekhokavkaza.com%2Fa%2F31071859.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Brockhaus-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brockhaus_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130703211539/http://brockhaus-efron-encyclopedia.info/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0/138612/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C">"Nakhichevan"</a> in the <i>Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary</i>, St. Petersburg, Russia: 1890–1907.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiwbshman1907" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%BCbschmann" title="Heinrich Hübschmann">Hiwbshman, H.</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HinHayotsTeghwoyAnnunnere"><i>Hin Hayotsʻ Teghwoy Anunnerě</i></a> [<i>Ancient Armenian Place Names</i>] (in Armenian). Translated by Pilējikchean, H. B. Vienna: Mkhitʻarean Tparan. pp. 222–223, 385.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hin+Hayots%CA%BB+Teghwoy+Anunner%C4%9B&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pages=222-223%2C+385&rft.pub=Mkhit%CA%BBarean+Tparan&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Hiwbshman&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHinHayotsTeghwoyAnnunnere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:32-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:32_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakobyanMelik-BakhshyanBarseghyan1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hakobyan, T. Kh.; Melik-Bakhshyan, St. T.; Barseghyan, H. Kh. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=3015">"Nakhijevan"</a>. <i>Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran</i> [<i>Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories</i>] (in Armenian). Vol. 3. Yerevan State University. pp. 951–953.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nakhijevan&rft.btitle=Hayastani+ev+harakits%CA%BB+shrjanneri+teghanunneri+ba%E1%B9%9Baran&rft.pages=951-953&rft.pub=Yerevan+State+University&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Hakobyan&rft.aufirst=T.+Kh.&rft.au=Melik-Bakhshyan%2C+St.+T.&rft.au=Barseghyan%2C+H.+Kh.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fnayiri.com%2FimagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp%3FdictionaryId%3D61%26dt%3DHY_HY%26pageNumber%3D3015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewsen1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Hewsen" title="Robert H. Hewsen">Hewsen, Robert H.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheGeographyOfAnaniasOfSirak"><i>The Geography of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhacʻoycʻ): The Long and the Short Recensions</i></a>. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. p. 189. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88226-485-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-88226-485-3"><bdi>3-88226-485-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+Ananias+of+%C5%A0irak+%28A%C5%A1xarhac%CA%BBoyc%CA%BB%29%3A+The+Long+and+the+Short+Recensions&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Dr.+Ludwig+Reichert+Verlag&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-88226-485-3&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheGeographyOfAnaniasOfSirak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Josephus2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Josephus2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.untraveledroad.com/Ch/Josephus/Antiquities-Jews/Book1/3.htm">"Chapter 3"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Flibrary.untraveledroad.com%2FCh%2FJosephus%2FAntiquities-Jews%2FBook1%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:12-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt"><i>Noah's Ark: Its Final Berth</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312030734/http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt">Archived</a> March 12, 2008, at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Bill Crouse</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELanser2007-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanser2007_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLanser2007">Lanser 2007</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bosworth-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth (2013)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lint-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lint_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lint_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lint_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lint_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lint (2018), p. 1055</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaumont (1986), pp. 418–438</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blankinship (1994), p. 107</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield (2013), pp. 112–113</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Grekov-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grekov_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrekov1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Grekov" title="Boris Grekov">Grekov, Boris</a>, ed. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/B-001-036-449-ALL"><i>Очерки истории СССР. Период феодализма IX-XV вв.: В 2 ч.</i></a> [<i>Essays on the history of the USSR. The period of feudalism IX-XV centuries: In 2 volumes</i>]. Moscow: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union">Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union</a>. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8470090">8470090</a>. <q>…the political power of the Zakarids was formed and strengthened, heading the restored Armenian statehood in indigenous Armenia. The territory subject to the Zakarids was an Armenian state, vassal to the then reigning house of the Georgian Bagratids; The Zakharid government had the right to court and collect taxes. The main responsibility of the Armenian government to the Georgian government was to provide it with military militia during the war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0.+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0+IX-XV+%D0%B2%D0%B2.%3A+%D0%92+2+%D1%87.&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8470090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FB-001-036-449-ALL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodous2018" class="citation book cs1">Hodous, Florence (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IlFuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20">"Inner Asia 1100s-1405: The Making of Chinggisid Eurasia"</a>. In Fairey, Jack; Farell, Brian (eds.). <i>Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing</i>. Vol. 1. London: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing"> Bloomsbury Academic</a>. p. 20. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472591234" title="Special:BookSources/9781472591234"><bdi>9781472591234</bdi></a>. <q>Vassal states such as the Uyghur kingdom of Qocho (until 1335), Zakarid Armenia, Cilicia, Georgia, and Korea similarly owed the empire taxes, troops, and loyalty, but were otherwise left to govern themselves.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inner+Asia+1100s-1405%3A+The+Making+of+Chinggisid+Eurasia&rft.btitle=Empire+in+Asia%3A+A+New+Global+History%3A+From+Chinggisid+to+Qing&rft.place=London&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781472591234&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIlFuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernardini (2000), pp. 422–426</span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield (2013), p. 150</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield (2013), p. 152</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield (2013), p. 164</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herzig & Floor (2015), p. 5</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Hille66-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hille66_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hille66_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 66</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-1897census-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1897census_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroinitsky1905" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Troinitsky, N. A. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810153601/https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670"><i>Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г.</i></a> [<i>Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897.</i>] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza. p. 54. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670">the original</a> on 10 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+500+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%81+%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1897+%D0%B3.&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Tipografiya+Obshchestvennaya+polza&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Troinitsky&rft.aufirst=N.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.prlib.ru%2Fitem%2F428670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Hille170-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hille170_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hille170_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hille170_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 170</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Hille173-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hille173_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hille173_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 173</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Hille171-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hille171_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 171</span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarapetyan" class="citation book cs1">Karapetyan, Bakour. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220803092825/https://paperzz.com/doc/9062428/the-roots-of-karabagh-problem"><i>THE ROOTS OF KARABAGH PROBLEM</i></a>. p. 119. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperzz.com/doc/9062428/the-roots-of-karabagh-problem">the original</a> on 3 August 2022. <q>Turkey instigated a Muslim revolt against the Republic of Armenia in Nakhichevan. The Armenian troops and refugees were forced to leave the region.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+ROOTS+OF+KARABAGH+PROBLEM&rft.pages=119&rft.aulast=Karapetyan&rft.aufirst=Bakour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fpaperzz.com%2Fdoc%2F9062428%2Fthe-roots-of-karabagh-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), pp. 171–172</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Hille172-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hille172_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hille172_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 172</span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 159</span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hille (2010), p. 191</span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDmitry_Kuznets2020" class="citation web cs1">Dmitry Kuznets (12 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/11/13/another-map-redrawn-in-blood">"Another map redrawn in blood Six consequences of the six-week war for Nagorno-Karabakh"</a>. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065029/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/11/13/another-map-redrawn-in-blood">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+map+redrawn+in+blood+Six+consequences+of+the+six-week+war+for+Nagorno-Karabakh&rft.pub=Meduza&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft.au=Dmitry+Kuznets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Ffeature%2F2020%2F11%2F13%2Fanother-map-redrawn-in-blood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/legislation/view/1473">"Milli Məclis"</a>. <i>www.meclis.gov.az</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meclis.gov.az&rft.atitle=Milli+M%C9%99clis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.meclis.gov.az%2F%3F%2Faz%2Flegislation%2Fview%2F1473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas et al. (2010), p. 103</span>
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<li id="cite_note-goodiz-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goodiz_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodiz_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHay" class="citation web cs1">Hay, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144746/http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan">"How Environmentalism Can Foster Nation-Building"</a>. <i>magazine.good.is</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazine.good.is/articles/pride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan">the original</a> on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=magazine.good.is&rft.atitle=How+Environmentalism+Can+Foster+Nation-Building&rft.aulast=Hay&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fmagazine.good.is%2Farticles%2Fpride-and-regrowth-in-nakhchivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT">"Naxcivan Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065002/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/AJ/37936.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naxcivan+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FAJ%2F37936.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteostat.net/en/station/37936">"Nakhchivan Climate : Temperature 1991-2020"</a>. Meteostat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakhchivan+Climate+%3A+Temperature+1991-2020&rft.pub=Meteostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fmeteostat.net%2Fen%2Fstation%2F37936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatenwelt/asien/ae/aserbaidschan/aserbaidschani_node.html"><i>Klimatafel von Nachitschewan (Naxcivan) / Aserbaidschan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German), Deutscher Wetterdinest<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klimatafel+von+Nachitschewan+%28Naxcivan%29+%2F+Aserbaidschan&rft.pub=Deutscher+Wetterdinest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fleistungen%2Fklimadatenwelt%2Fasien%2Fae%2Faserbaidschan%2Faserbaidschani_node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en">"Political division, population size and structure: Population by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142620/https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+division%2C+population+size+and+structure%3A+Population+by+towns+and+regions+of+the+Republic+of+Azerbaijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.stat.gov.az%2Fsource%2Fdemoqraphy%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Нахичеванский_уезд_-_г._Нахичевань-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Нахичеванский_уезд_-_г._Нахичевань_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Демоскоп Weekly (еженедельная демографическая газета. Электронная версия): Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=576">Нахичеванский уезд – г. Нахичевань</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065058/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=576">Archived</a> 4 February 2021 at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>-Источник: Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Таблица XIII. Распределение населения по родному языку. (Губернские итоги). Т.Т.51–89. С.-Петербург: 1903–1905</span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/naxichevan26.html">"Нахичеванская ССР 1926"</a>. <i>www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+1926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru%2Fnaxichevan26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html">"население азербайджана"</a>. <i>www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328124618/http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru%2Frnazerbaijan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm">"NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal"</a>. <i>nakhchivan.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205926/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/iqtisadiy.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=NAX%C3%87IVAN+MUXTAR+RESPUBL%C4%B0KASI+%E2%80%93+r%C9%99smi+portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.nakhchivan.az%2Fportal-en%2Fiqtisadiy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.president.az/articles/11356">"Ilham Aliyev attended a ceremony to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic"</a>. <i>en.president.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113155704/http://en.president.az/articles/11356">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.president.az&rft.atitle=Ilham+Aliyev+attended+a+ceremony+to+commemorate+the+90th+anniversary+of+the+Nakhchivan+Autonomous+Republic.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fen.president.az%2Farticles%2F11356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413064943/http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html">"Nakhchivan to be capital of Islamic Culture in 2018"</a>. <i>en.apa.az</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.apa.az/news_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html">the original</a> on 13 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.apa.az&rft.atitle=Nakhchivan+to+be+capital+of+Islamic+Culture+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fen.apa.az%2Fnews_nakhchivan_to_be_capital_of_islamic_cult_191628.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/">"The mausoleum of Nakhchivan"</a>. <i>whc.unesco.org</i>. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=The+mausoleum+of+Nakhchivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F1173%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-unesco-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/">"The mausoleum of Nakhchivan (#)"</a>. <i>unesco.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org&rft.atitle=The+mausoleum+of+Nakhchivan+%28%23%29&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F1173%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/mil-metb.htm">"NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal"</a>. <i>nakhchivan.az</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=NAX%C3%87IVAN+MUXTAR+RESPUBL%C4%B0KASI+%E2%80%93+r%C9%99smi+portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.nakhchivan.az%2Fportal-en%2Fmil-metb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828134500/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm">"NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal"</a>. <i>nakhchivan.az</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/muz-ler.htm">the original</a> on 28 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=NAX%C3%87IVAN+MUXTAR+RESPUBL%C4%B0KASI+%E2%80%93+r%C9%99smi+portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.nakhchivan.az%2Fportal-en%2Fmuz-ler.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeart" class="citation web cs1">Peart, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113151241/http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/">"Land of Legend – Nakhchivan"</a>. <i>www.visions.az</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visions.az/winter2011_045,243/">the original</a> on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visions.az&rft.atitle=Land+of+Legend+%E2%80%93+Nakhchivan&rft.aulast=Peart&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.visions.az%2Fwinter2011_045%2C243%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/">"Radio-TV yayımı"</a> (in Azerbaijani). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027130212/http://www.mincom.gov.az/fealiyyet/radio-tv-yayimi/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio-TV+yay%C4%B1m%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.mincom.gov.az%2Ffealiyyet%2Fradio-tv-yayimi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capital.trendaz.com/news/sports/795109.html">Футзальный клуб «Араз» определился с соперниками по элитному раунду Кубка чемпионов</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707035343/http://capital.trendaz.com/news/sports/795109.html">Archived</a> 7 July 2012 at <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/news/kind=1/newsid=900489.html">"Happy Friday night for Benfica, Puntar and Araz"</a>. <i>uefa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uefa.com&rft.atitle=Happy+Friday+night+for+Benfica%2C+Puntar+and+Araz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Fcompetitions%2Ffutsalcup%2Fnews%2Fkind%3D1%2Fnewsid%3D900489.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uefa.com/competitions/futsalcup/clubs/club=90395/index.html">"Club's uefa.com profile"</a>. <i>uefa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uefa.com&rft.atitle=Club%27s+uefa.com+profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Fcompetitions%2Ffutsalcup%2Fclubs%2Fclub%3D90395%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-araz-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-araz_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html"><bdi lang="ru">В Нахчыване появится футбольный клуб Араз</bdi></a>. <i>Azerifootball.com</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104160200/http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/19721.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerifootball.com&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.azerifootball.com%2Fru%2F13%2Fnews%2F19721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110191534/http://nakhchivan2014.com/">"Masters World Cup 2014"</a>. <i>nakhchivan2014.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nakhchivan2014.com/">the original</a> on 10 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nakhchivan2014.com&rft.atitle=Masters+World+Cup+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fnakhchivan2014.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan">"Delicious goyja of Nakhchivan"</a>. <i>turizm.nakhchivan.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065021/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=turizm.nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=Delicious+goyja+of+Nakhchivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fturizm.nakhchivan.az%2Fen%2Findex.php%2Fne%2F583-delicious-goyja-of-nakhchivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan">"The traditional GOYJA FESTIVAL will be held in Nakhchivan"</a>. <i>turizm.nakhchivan.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065020/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=turizm.nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=The+traditional+GOYJA+FESTIVAL+will+be+held+in+Nakhchivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fturizm.nakhchivan.az%2Fen%2Findex.php%2Fne%2F580-the-traditional-goyja-festival-will-be-held-in-nakhchivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naxcivantv.az/index.php/news/2658-kete.html">"Cuisine of Nakhchivan – Kata"</a>. <i>Naxçıvan TV</i> (in Azerbaijani). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065020/http://naxcivantv.az/index.php/news/2658-kete.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van+TV&rft.atitle=Cuisine+of+Nakhchivan+%E2%80%93+Kata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fnaxcivantv.az%2Findex.php%2Fnews%2F2658-kete.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/538-kata-festival-finished">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Kata" festival finished"</a>. <i>turizm.nakhchivan.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065039/http://turizm.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/ne/538-kata-festival-finished">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=turizm.nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=%22Kata%22+festival+finished&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fturizm.nakhchivan.az%2Fen%2Findex.php%2Fne%2F538-kata-festival-finished&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azertag.az/xeber/Naxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540">"Naxçıvanda kətə festivalı keçiriləcək"</a>. <i>State News Agency of Azerbaijan</i> (in Azerbaijani). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204064958/https://azertag.az/xeber/Naxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+News+Agency+of+Azerbaijan&rft.atitle=Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1vanda+k%C9%99t%C9%99+festival%C4%B1+ke%C3%A7iril%C9%99c%C9%99k&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fazertag.az%2Fxeber%2FNaxchivanda_kete_festivali_kechirilecek-1264540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serqqapisi.az/index.php/ictimai-siaysi/18449-kaetae-festival-boeyuk-marazhla-zharsh-lan-b">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Kətə" festivalı böyük maraqla qarşılanıb – serqqapisi.az"</a>. <i>Şərq Qapısı newspaper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C5%9E%C9%99rq+Qap%C4%B1s%C4%B1+newspaper&rft.atitle=%22K%C9%99t%C9%99%22+festival%C4%B1+b%C3%B6y%C3%BCk+maraqla+qar%C5%9F%C4%B1lan%C4%B1b+%E2%80%93+serqqapisi.az&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.serqqapisi.az%2Findex.php%2Fictimai-siaysi%2F18449-kaetae-festival-boeyuk-marazhla-zharsh-lan-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm">"Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası"</a>. <i>nakhchivan.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065024/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/map-nax-seh.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van+Muxtar+Respublikas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.nakhchivan.az%2Fportal-en%2Fmap-nax-seh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-electrotrans-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-electrotrans_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15">"15. Нахичевань (троллейбус)"</a> [15. Nahičevan (trolleybus)]. <i>Горэлектротранс (Electrotrans) website</i> (in Russian). Дмитрий Зиновьев (Dmitry Zinoviev). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130111082125/http://transit.parovoz.com/masstransit/index.php?ID=15">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81+%28Electrotrans%29+website&rft.atitle=15.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C+%28%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Ftransit.parovoz.com%2Fmasstransit%2Findex.php%3FID%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm">"NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI – rəsmi portal"</a>. <i>nakhchivan.az</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610063246/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/neqliyyat.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nakhchivan.az&rft.atitle=NAX%C3%87IVAN+MUXTAR+RESPUBL%C4%B0KASI+%E2%80%93+r%C9%99smi+portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.nakhchivan.az%2Fportal-en%2Fneqliyyat.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp">"00188" <bdi lang="ru">Алиев Гейдар Али Рза оглы</bdi></a> (in Russian). Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898–1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002212200/http://www.knowbysight.info/AAA/00188.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=00188+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0+1898%E2%80%931991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.knowbysight.info%2FAAA%2F00188.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Batumi_twinnings-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Batumi_twinnings_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504220350/http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5">"Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities"</a>. <i>Batumi City Hall</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5">the original</a> on 4 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Batumi+City+Hall&rft.atitle=Batumi+%E2%80%93+Twin+Towns+%26+Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.batumi.ge%2Fen%2F%3Fpage%3Dshow%26sec%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernardini2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bernardini, Michele (2000). "GENOA". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/genoa-"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=GENOA&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Bernardini&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgenoa-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlankinship1994" class="citation book cs1">Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). <i>The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads</i>. State University of New York Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jihad+State%3A+The+Reign+of+Hisham+Ibn+%27Abd+al-Malik+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Umayyads&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Blankinship&rft.aufirst=Khalid+Yahya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bosworth, C. Edmund (2013). "NAḴJAVĀN". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nakjavan"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=NA%E1%B8%B4JAV%C4%80N&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fnakjavan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaumont1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chaumont, M. L. (1986). "ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-ii"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ARMENIA+AND+IRAN+ii.+The+pre-Islamic+period&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Chaumont&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Farmenia-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHille2010" class="citation book cs1">Hille, Charlotte Mathilde Louise (2010). <i>State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus</i>. BRILL.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Building+and+Conflict+Resolution+in+the+Caucasus&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hille&rft.aufirst=Charlotte+Mathilde+Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanser2007" class="citation book cs1">Lanser, Richard D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noahsarksearch.com/An_Armenian_Perspective_On_The_Search_For_Noah%27s_Ark.pdf"><i>An Armenian Perspective on the Search for Noah's Ark</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Associates for Biblical Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Armenian+Perspective+on+the+Search+for+Noah%27s+Ark&rft.pub=Associates+for+Biblical+Research&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=Richard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.noahsarksearch.com%2FAn_Armenian_Perspective_On_The_Search_For_Noah%2527s_Ark.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLint2018" class="citation book cs1">Lint, Theo van (2018). "Nakhchivan". <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, ed. Oliver Nicholson</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nakhchivan&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Late+Antiquity%2C+ed.+Oliver+Nicholson&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Lint&rft.aufirst=Theo+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayfield2013" class="citation book cs1">Rayfield, Donald (2013). <i>Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia</i>. Reaktion Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edge+of+Empires%3A+A+History+of+Georgia&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rayfield&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasMallettRoggema2010" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, David; Mallett, Alexander; Roggema, Barbara (2010). <i>Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900–1050)</i>. BRILL.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+A+Bibliographical+History.+Volume+2+%28900%E2%80%931050%29&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Mallett%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Roggema%2C+Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhchivan+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.science.gov.az/pages/journals/azh/pdf/azh2024_1_29.pdf">Jamalova Nigar. Armenia’s plans on the Nakhchivan territory and the countermeasures of the Azerbaijan government (1918-1920). Journal of Azərbaycan Tarixşünaslığı / Azerbaijan Historiography. 2024/6. p.25-49</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azeri.net/azerbaijan/category/cities/nakhchivan/">Nakhchivan Guide</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090918144912/http://www.nakhchivan.az/">Nakhchivan Portal</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/detaillinksearch.asp?G_NAME=32FA8815009B3774E0440003BA962ED3&Diacritics=DC">Nakhchivan (as Naxçıvan)</a> at <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-26&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=x">World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> – World-Gazetteer.com</li></ul>
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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nakhchivan_City" title="Template:Nakhchivan City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nakhchivan_City" title="Template talk:Nakhchivan City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakhchivan_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakhchivan City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nakhchivan_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhchivan City</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhchivan City</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Başbaşı">Başbaşı</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulqan" title="Bulqan">Bulqan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%9Fduz" title="Daşduz">Daşduz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fliabad,_Nakhchivan" title="Əliabad, Nakhchivan">Əliabad</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haciniyy%C9%99t" title="Haciniyyət">Haciniyyət</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C3%A7uq" title="Qaraçuq">Qaraçuq</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraxanb%C9%99yli,_Nakhchivan" title="Qaraxanbəyli, Nakhchivan">Qaraxanbəyli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qar%C4%9Fal%C4%B1q,_Nakhchivan" title="Qarğalıq, Nakhchivan">Qarğalıq</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbul" title="Tumbul">Tumbul</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absheron_District" title="Absheron District">Absheron</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agdam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Agdam District">Agdam</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aghdara_District_(2023)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aghdara District (2023) (page does not exist)">Aghdara</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agdash_District" title="Agdash District">Agdash</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghjabadi_District" title="Aghjabadi District">Aghjabadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agstafa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Agstafa District">Agstafa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agsu_District" title="Agsu District">Agsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astara_District" title="Astara District">Astara</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babek_District" title="Babek District">Babek</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balakan_District" title="Balakan District">Balakan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barda_District" title="Barda District">Barda</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylagan_District" title="Beylagan District">Beylagan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilasuvar_District" title="Bilasuvar District">Bilasuvar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashkasan_District" title="Dashkasan District">Dashkasan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzuli_District" title="Fuzuli District">Fuzuli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadabay_District" title="Gadabay District">Gadabay</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goranboy_District" title="Goranboy District">Goranboy</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goychay_District" title="Goychay District">Goychay</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goygol_District" title="Goygol District">Goygol</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajigabul_District" title="Hajigabul District">Hajigabul</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imishli_District" title="Imishli District">Imishli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismayilli_District" title="Ismayilli District">Ismayilli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabrayil_District" title="Jabrayil District">Jabrayil</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalilabad_District_(Azerbaijan)" title="Jalilabad District (Azerbaijan)">Jalilabad</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julfa_District" title="Julfa District">Julfa</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbajar_District" title="Kalbajar District">Kalbajar</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangarli_District" title="Kangarli District">Kangarli</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachmaz_District" title="Khachmaz District">Khachmaz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khizi_District" title="Khizi District">Khizi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojaly_District" title="Khojaly District">Khojaly</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojavend_District" title="Khojavend District">Khojavend</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdamir_District" title="Kurdamir District">Kurdamir</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin_District" title="Lachin District">Lachin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lankaran_District" title="Lankaran District">Lankaran</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerik_District" title="Lerik District">Lerik</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masally_District" title="Masally District">Masally</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftchala_District" title="Neftchala District">Neftchala</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oghuz_District" title="Oghuz District">Oghuz</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordubad_District" title="Ordubad District">Ordubad</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabala_District" title="Qabala District">Qabala</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qakh_District" title="Qakh District">Qakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazakh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazakh District">Qazakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobustan_District" title="Gobustan District">Gobustan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quba_District_(Azerbaijan)" title="Quba District (Azerbaijan)">Quba</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubadli_District" title="Qubadli District">Qubadli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qusar_District" title="Qusar District">Qusar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saatly_District" title="Saatly District">Saatly</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabirabad_District" title="Sabirabad District">Sabirabad</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadarak_District" title="Sadarak District">Sadarak</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyan_District_(Azerbaijan)" title="Salyan District (Azerbaijan)">Salyan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samukh_District" title="Samukh District">Samukh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabran_District" title="Shabran District">Shabran</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahbuz_District" title="Shahbuz District">Shahbuz</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaki_District" title="Shaki District">Shaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamakhi_District" title="Shamakhi District">Shamakhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamkir_District" title="Shamkir District">Shamkir</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharur_District" title="Sharur District">Sharur</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shusha_District" title="Shusha District">Shusha</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyazan_District" title="Siyazan District">Siyazan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartar_District" title="Tartar District">Tartar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovuz_District" title="Tovuz District">Tovuz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujar_District" title="Ujar District">Ujar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yardimli_District" title="Yardimli District">Yardimli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevlakh_District" title="Yevlakh District">Yevlakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangilan_District" title="Zangilan District">Zangilan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagatala_District" title="Zagatala District">Zagatala</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zardab_District" title="Zardab District">Zardab</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/76px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/114px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/152px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Khankendi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lankaran" title="Lankaran">Lankaran</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingachevir" title="Mingachevir">Mingachevir</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftalan,_Azerbaijan" title="Naftalan, Azerbaijan">Naftalan</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhchivan</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaki,_Azerbaijan" title="Shaki, Azerbaijan">Shaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirvan,_Azerbaijan" title="Şirvan, Azerbaijan">Shirvan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumgait" title="Sumgait">Sumgait</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevlakh" title="Yevlakh">Yevlakh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghdam" title="Aghdam">Aghdam</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghdara" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghdara">Aghdara</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agdash,_Azerbaijan" title="Agdash, Azerbaijan">Agdash</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghjabadi" title="Aghjabadi">Aghjabadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agstafa" title="Agstafa">Agstafa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agsu_(city)" title="Agsu (city)">Agsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astara,_Azerbaijan" title="Astara, Azerbaijan">Astara</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babek_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babek (city)">Babek</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak%C9%99n" title="Balakən">Balakən</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barda,_Azerbaijan" title="Barda, Azerbaijan">Barda</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylagan_(city)" title="Beylagan (city)">Beylagan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bil%C9%99suvar" title="Biləsuvar">Bilasuvar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashkasan_(city)" title="Dashkasan (city)">Dashkasan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzuli_(city)" title="Fuzuli (city)">Fuzuli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99d%C9%99b%C9%99y" title="Gədəbəy">Gadabay</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goranboy_(city)" title="Goranboy (city)">Goranboy</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goychay_(city)" title="Goychay (city)">Goychay</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goygol_(city)" title="Goygol (city)">Goygol</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajiqabul" title="Hajiqabul">Hajiqabul</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imishli_(city)" title="Imishli (city)">Imishli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismayilli" title="Ismayilli">Ismayilli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabrayil" title="Jabrayil">Jabrayil</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99lilabad" title="Cəlilabad">Jalilabad</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julfa,_Azerbaijan_(city)" title="Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)">Julfa</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbajar" title="Kalbajar">Kalbajar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachmaz_(city)" title="Khachmaz (city)">Khachmaz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khizi" title="Khizi">Khizi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martuni,_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Martuni, Nagorno-Karabakh">Khojavend</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojaly_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojaly (town)">Khojaly</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C4%B1rdalan" title="Xırdalan">Khirdalan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdamir" title="Kurdamir">Kurdamir</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin" title="Lachin">Lachin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerik,_Azerbaijan" title="Lerik, Azerbaijan">Lerik</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masall%C4%B1" title="Masallı">Masally</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft%C3%A7ala" title="Neftçala">Neftchala</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%9Fuz_(city)" title="Oğuz (city)">Oğuz</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordubad" title="Ordubad">Ordubad</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabala" title="Qabala">Gabala</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qakh_(city)" title="Qakh (city)">Qakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax" title="Qazax">Gazakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobustan_(town)" title="Gobustan (town)">Gobustan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quba" title="Quba">Quba</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubadli" title="Qubadli">Qubadli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qusar_(city)" title="Qusar (city)">Qusar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saatl%C4%B1_(city)" title="Saatlı (city)">Saatly</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabirabad_(city)" title="Sabirabad (city)">Sabirabad</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyan,_Azerbaijan" title="Salyan, Azerbaijan">Salyan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eabran" title="Şabran">Shabran</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eahbuz" title="Şahbuz">Shahbuz</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamakhi" title="Shamakhi">Shamakhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99mkir" class="mw-redirect" title="Şəmkir">Shamkir</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharur" title="Sharur">Sharur</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyazan" title="Siyazan">Siyazan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartar_(city)" title="Tartar (city)">Tartar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovuz,_Azerbaijan" title="Tovuz, Azerbaijan">Tovuz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucar,_Azerbaijan" title="Ucar, Azerbaijan">Ujar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1ml%C4%B1" title="Yardımlı">Yardimli</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangilan" title="Zangilan">Zangilan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaqatala_(city)" title="Zaqatala (city)">Zagatala</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zardab_(city)" title="Zardab (city)">Zardab</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Names in <i>italics</i> indicate parts of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li>
<li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li>
<li><i><b><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li>
<li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li>
<li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li>
<li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Iranian_architecture" title="Template:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_architecture" title="Template talk:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthian_style" title="Parthian style">Parthian style</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Early Islamic</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Ilkhanid_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Ilkhanid</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_art" title="Safavid art">Safavid</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Perspolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/90px-Perspolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/135px-Perspolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/180px-Perspolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="3065" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaars</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">Caravanserais</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khaneqah</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takyeh" title="Takyeh">Takyeh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_anbar" title="Ab anbar">Ab anbar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaruni" title="Andaruni">Andaruni</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biruni_(Persian_architecture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biruni (Persian architecture) (page does not exist)">Biruni</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">Burj</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chahartaq_(architecture)" title="Chahartaq (architecture)">Chahartaq</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalan_e_Vorudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalan e Vorudi (page does not exist)">Dalan e Vorudi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashti" title="Hashti">Hashti</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howz" title="Howz">Howz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanat#Iran" title="Qanat">Kariz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucheh" title="Kucheh">Kucheh</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjdari" title="Panjdari">Panjdari</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian Garden (<i>hayāt</i>)</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">Qanat</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahn" title="Sahn">Sahn</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabestan" title="Shabestan">Shabestan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talar" title="Talar">Talar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatchers</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andijan" title="Andijan">Andijan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bam,_Iran" title="Bam, Iran">Bam</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur-e-Amir" title="Gur-e-Amir">Gur-e-Amir</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatra" title="Hatra">Hatra</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashan" title="Kashan">Kashan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhchivan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahrisabz" title="Shahrisabz">Shahrisabz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n" title="Takht-e Soleymān">Takht-e Soleymān</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Tehran" title="Architecture of Tehran">Tehran</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory and analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Persian_residential_architecture" title="Traditional Persian residential architecture">Traditional Persian residential architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_water_sources_of_Persian_antiquity" title="Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity">Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architects_of_Iran" title="Architects of Iran">Architects of Iran</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Castles_in_Iran" title="Category:Castles in Iran"><i>Arg</i>s, castles, and <i>ghal'eh</i>s</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ab_anbars_of_Qazvin" title="List of ab anbars of Qazvin">List of ab anbars of Qazvin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Iran" title="List of mosques in Iran">List of mosques</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziyarat#Iran" title="Ziyarat">List of ziyarat-gahs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230104#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230104#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230104#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148947356">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpdPMKKxDWkT9FbwTfKBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4314454-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82106427">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nachičevan (Ázerbájdžán)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge699879&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557454605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0cda1ea2-1115-4f95-9594-2b15e80c89f0">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/14557167X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1735025412' |