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[[File:Congobasinmap.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Course and drainage basin of the Congo River]]
The '''Congo Basin''' ({{lang-fr|Bassin du Congo}}) is the [[sedimentary basin]] of the [[Congo River]]. The Congo Basin is located in [[Central Africa]], in a region known as west [[equator]]ial [[Africa]]. The Congo Basin region is sometimes known simply as '''the Congo'''. It contains some of the largest tropical rainforests in the world and is an important source of water used in agriculture and energy generation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2012-09-28|title=Climate Change Impacts on the Congo Basin Region|url=https://www.wur.nl/en/Publication-details.htm?publicationId=publication-way-343335333530|access-date=2021-09-20|website=WUR|language=en-us}}</ref>
Because of its size and diversity, many experts have characterized the basin's forest as important for [[Climate change mitigation|mitigating climate change]] because of its role as a [[carbon sink]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That’s Bad for Climate Change.|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> However, [[Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|deforestation]] and degradation of the ecology due to the [[Effects of climate change|impacts of climate change]] may increase stress on the forest ecosystem, in turn making the hydrology of the basin more variable.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That’s Bad for Climate Change.|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> In turn, a 2012 study found that the [[Climate variability and change|variability in precipitation due to climate change]] will negatively effect economic activity in the basin.<ref name=":2" />
8 sites of the Congo Basin are inscribed on the [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]], 5 being also on the [[list of World Heritage in Danger]] (all 5 located in DRC). 14% of the humid forest is designated as protected.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/conservation-congo-basin/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref>
== Description ==
{{See also|Congo River}}[[File:CongoLualaba watershed plain political.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Course and drainage basin of the Congo River with countries marked]]
The basin begins in the highlands of the [[East African Rift]] system with input from the Chambeshi River, the Uele and Ubangi Rivers in the upper reaches and the Lualaba River draining wetlands in the middle reaches. Due to the young age and active uplift of the East African Rift at the headlands, the river's yearly sediment load is very large but the drainage basin occupies large areas of low relief throughout much of its area.<ref name="McDonald2005">{{cite book|title=Mineral deposits & Earth evolution|publisher=Geological Society|year= 2005|isbn=978-1-86239-182-6}}</ref> It is delineated largely by [[Swell (geology)|swells]] including the Bie. Mayumbe, Adamlia, [[Congo-Nile Divide|Nil-Congo]], East African, and Zambian Swells. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kadima|first=E.|last2=Delvaux|first2=D.|last3=Sebagenzi|first3=S. N.|last4=Tack|first4=L.|last5=Kabeya|first5=S. M.|date=2011|title=Structure and geological history of the Congo Basin: an integrated interpretation of gravity, magnetic and reflection seismic data|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00500.x|journal=Basin Research|language=en|volume=23|issue=5|pages=499–527|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00500.x|issn=1365-2117}}</ref>
The basin ends where the river empties its load in the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
The basin is a total of 3.7 million square kilometers and is home to some of the largest undisturbed stands of [[tropical rainforest]] on the planet, in addition to large wetlands.
'''Congo''' is a traditional name for the equatorial Middle Africa that lies between the [[Gulf of Guinea]] and the [[African Great Lakes]].
Countries wholly or partially in the Congo region:
{{Div col|small=yes}}
*[[Angola]]
*[[Gabon]]
*[[Burundi]]
*[[Cameroon]]
*[[Central African Republic]]
*[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[Republic of the Congo]]
*[[Rwanda]]
*[[Tanzania]]
*[[Zambia]]
{{Div col end}}
== History ==
{{See also|Exploration of the Congo basin|Colonization of the Congo basin}}
[[Belgian colonial empire|Belgium]], [[French colonial empire|France]], and [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] later established [[Colonialism in Africa|colonial control]] over the entire region by the late 19th century. The [[General Act of the Berlin Conference]] of 1885 gave a precise definition to the "conventional basin" of the Congo, which included the entire actual basin plus some other areas. The General Act bound its signatories to neutrality within the conventional basin, but this was not respected during the [[First World War]].
== Climate ==
The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature throughout the year
The forests of the Congo Basin affect rainfall across the [[North Atlantic]]. In other words, these forests are crucial to the future of climate stability, a bulwark against [[runaway climate change]].
== Population ==
=== Humans ===
[[File:Living on the rainforest.jpg|thumb|[[Aka people|Pygmy]] hunter-gatherers in the Central African Republic.]]
The basin was the watershed of the Congo River populated by [[Congo Pygmies|pygmy peoples]], and eventually [[Bantu peoples]] [[Bantu expansion|migrated]] there and founded the [[Kingdom of Kongo]].
The [[World Resources Institute]] estimated that 80 million people live in and around the Congo Basin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-28|title=You can't spell Congo without NGO|url=http://africa-reports.com/2021/02/28/you-cant-spell-congo-without-ngo/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Africa Reports|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Animals ===
The Congo forest is home to [[okapi]], [[bonobo]] and the [[Congo peafowl]]. The basin is home to the endangered [[western lowland gorilla]]. In 2010, the United Nations Environment Programme warned that gorillas could be extinct from the Greater Congo Basin in a matter of 15 years.<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" >
File:Gorilla gorilla04.jpg|[[Western lowland gorilla]]
File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg|[[African forest elephant]]
</gallery>
== Forests ==
[[File:Rainforest - Ituri (20874628148).jpg|thumb|[[Ituri Rainforest]]]]The Congo Basin is the largest forest in Africa. More than 10,000 plant species can be found in and around the forest.<ref name=":0" /> The humid forests cover 1.6 million km².<ref name=":1" />
At a global level, Congo's forests act as the planet's second lung, counterpart to the rapidly dwindling Amazon. They are a huge "[[carbon sink]]," trapping carbon that could otherwise remain carbon dioxide. The Congo Basin holds roughly 8 percent of the world's forest-based carbon. If these woodlands are deforested, the carbon they trap will be released into the atmosphere. It says that 8% of the Earth's forest-based carbon is stored in the RDC's forests. Predictions for future unabated deforestation estimate that by 2050 activities in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] will release roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide as the [[United Kingdom]] has emitted over the last 60 years.
In 2017, British scientists discovered that [[peatland]]s in the [[Cuvette Centrale]], which cover a total of 145,500 sq km, contain 30 billion tonnes of carbon, or 20 years of US fossil fuel emissions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=World's largest tropical peatland found in Congo basin|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/11/worlds-largest-peatland-vast-carbon-storage-capacity-found-congo|access-date=2021-05-13|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
The Congo Basin is an important source of [[African teak]], used for building furniture and flooring. An estimated 40 million people depend on these woodlands, surviving on traditional livelihoods.
The Global Forest Atlas estimated that the logging industry covers from 44 to 66 million hectares of forest.<ref name=":0" /> A study published in 2019 in ''[[Nature Sustainability]]'' showed that 54,000 miles of roads for forest concessions were built between 2003 and 2018, reaching a total of 143,500 miles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-24|title=Logging road construction has surged in the Congo Basin since 2003|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/logging-road-construction-surged-in-the-congo-basin-since-2003/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Protection ===
A moratorium on logging in the Congo forest was agreed between the [[World Bank]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (RDC, République Démocratique du Congo) in May 2002. The [[World Bank]] agreed to provide $90 million of development aid to RDC with the provision that the government did not issue any new concessions granting logging companies rights to exploit the forest. The deal also prohibited the renewal of existing concessions.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 22, 2007|title=The Fight to Save Congo's Forests|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/fight-save-congos-forests|work=thenation.com}}</ref>
The government has written a new forestry code that requires companies to invest in local development and follow a sustainable, twenty-five-year cycle of rotational logging. When a company is granted a concession from the central government to log in Congo, it must sign an agreement with the local chiefs and hereditary land owners, who give permission for it to extract the trees in return for development packages. In theory, the companies must pay the government nearly $18 million rent a year for these concessions, of which 40% should be returned to provincial governments for investment in social development of the local population in the logged areas.
In its current form, the [[Kyoto Protocol]] does not reward so-called "avoided deforestation"—initiatives that protect forest from being cut down. But many climate scientists and policymakers hope that negotiations for Kyoto's successor will include such measures. If this were the case, there could be a financial incentive for protecting forests.
[[L’Île Mbiye]] in Kisangani is part of the [[Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium project]] of forest ecosystem conservation conducted by [[Stellenbosch University]]. RDC is also looking to expand the area of forest under protection, for which it hopes to secure compensation through [[emerging markets]] for forest carbon.
The main Congolese environmental organization working to save the forests is an [[NGO]] called OCEAN, which serves as the link between international outfits like [[Greenpeace]] and local community groups in the concessions.
A 2013 study by British scientists showed that deforestation in the Congo Basin rainforest was slowing down.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-07-22|title=Deforestation in Africa's Congo Basin rainforest slows|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-23382526|access-date=2021-05-13}}</ref>
== National parks ==
{{Div col|small=yes}}
* [[Lobéké National Park]]
* [[Lomami National Park]]
* [[Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park]]
* [[Ntokou-Pikounda National Park]]
* [[Odzala-Kokoua National Park]]
* [[Salonga National Park]]
* [[Virunga National Park]]
{{Div col end}}
== See also ==
{{Portal|Africa|Geography}}
*[[Congo Basin Forest Partnership]]
*[[Exploration of the Congo basin]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Congo Basin}}
==External links==
* [http://www.pygmies.org/ Pygmies.org: African Pygmies website] — ''first inhabitants of the Congo Basin rainforests''.
{{Major African geological formations|state=collapsed}}
{{Regions of Africa}}
{{coord|0.0000|N|22.0000|E|format=dms|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Congo Basin}}
[[Category:Congo drainage basin| 01]]
[[Category:Congo River]]
[[Category:Drainage basins of Africa]]
[[Category:Sedimentary basins of Africa]]
[[Category:Regions of Africa]]
[[Category:Congolian forests]]
[[Category:Landforms of Angola]]
[[Category:Landforms of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Geography of Central Africa]]
[[Category:Landforms of Burundi]]
[[Category:Landforms of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Landforms of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Landforms of Zambia]]
[[Category:Basins of Africa]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short descriptionUgdidyughqwuiofghwruiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa}}{{otheruses|Congo (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Congobasinmap.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Course and drainage basin of the Congo River]]
The '''Congo Basin''' ({{lang-fr|Bassin du Congo}}) is the [[sedimentary basin]] of the [[Congo River]]. The Congo Basin is located in [[Central Africa]], in a region known as west [[equator]]ial [[Africa]]. The Congo Basin region is sometimes known simply as '''the Congo'''. It contains some of the largest tropical rainforests in the world and is an important source of water used in agriculture and energy generation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2012-09-28|title=Climate Change Impacts on the Congo Basin Region|url=https://www.wur.nl/en/Publication-details.htm?publicationId=publication-way-343335333530|access-date=2021-09-20|website=WUR|language=en-us}}</ref>
'''''Bold text'''''HHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH''''''
Because of its size and diversity, many experts have characterized the basin's forest as important for [[Climate change mitigation|mitigating climate change]] because of its role as a [[carbon sink]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That’s Bad for Climate Change.|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> However, [[Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|deforestation]] and degradation of the ecology due to the [[Effects of climate change|impacts of climate change]] may increase stress on the forest ecosystem, in turn making the hydrology of the basin more variable.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That’s Bad for Climate Change.|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> In turn, a 2012 study found that the [[Climate variability and change|variability in precipitation due to climate change]] will negatively effect economic activity in the basin.<ref name=":2" />
8 sites of the Congo Basin are inscribed on the [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]], 5 being also on the [[list of World Heritage in Danger]] (all 5 located in DRC). 14% of the humid forest is designated as protected.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/conservation-congo-basin/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref>
== Description ==
{{See also|Congo River}}[[File:CongoLualaba watershed plain political.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Course and drainage basin of the Congo River with countries marked]]
The basin begins in the highlands of the [[East African Rift]] system with input from the Chambeshi River, the Uele and Ubangi Rivers in the upper reaches and the Lualaba River draining wetlands in the middle reaches. Due to the young age and active uplift of the East African Rift at the headlands, the river's yearly sediment load is very large but the drainage basin occupies large areas of low relief throughout much of its area.<ref name="McDonald2005">{{cite book|title=Mineral deposits & Earth evolution|publisher=Geological Society|year= 2005|isbn=978-1-86239-182-6}}</ref> It is delineated largely by [[Swell (geology)|swells]] including the Bie. Mayumbe, Adamlia, [[Congo-Nile Divide|Nil-Congo]], East African, and Zambian Swells. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kadima|first=E.|last2=Delvaux|first2=D.|last3=Sebagenzi|first3=S. N.|last4=Tack|first4=L.|last5=Kabeya|first5=S. M.|date=2011|title=Structure and geological history of the Congo Basin: an integrated interpretation of gravity, magnetic and reflection seismic data|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00500.x|journal=Basin Research|language=en|volume=23|issue=5|pages=499–527|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00500.x|issn=1365-2117}}</ref>
The basin ends where the river empties its load in the [[Gulf of Guinea]] on the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
The basin is a total of 3.7 million square kilometers and is home to some of the largest undisturbed stands of [[tropical rainforest]] on the planet, in addition to large wetlands.
'''Congo''' is a traditional name for the equatorial Middle Africa that lies between the [[Gulf of Guinea]] and the [[African Great Lakes]].
Countries wholly or partially in the Congo region:
{{Div col|small=yes}}
*[[Angola]]
*[[Gabon]]
*[[Burundi]]
*[[Cameroon]]
*[[Central African Republic]]
*[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[Republic of the Congo]]
*[[Rwanda]]
*[[Tanzania]]
*[[Zambia]]
{{Div col end}}
== History ==
{{See also|Exploration of the Congo basin|Colonization of the Congo basin}}
[[Belgian colonial empire|Belgium]], [[French colonial empire|France]], and [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] later established [[Colonialism in Africa|colonial control]] over the entire region by the late 19th century. The [[General Act of the Berlin Conference]] of 1885 gave a precise definition to the "conventional basin" of the Congo, which included the entire actual basin plus some other areas. The General Act bound its signatories to neutrality within the conventional basin, but this was not respected during the [[First World War]].
== Climate ==
The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature .
In its current form, the [[Kyoto Protocol]] does not reward so-called "avoided deforestation"—initiatives that protect forest from being cut down. But many climate scientists and policymakers hope that negotiations for Kyoto's successor will include such measures. If this were the case, there could be a financial incentive for protecting forests.
[[L’Île Mbiye]] in Kisangani is part of the [[Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium project]] of forest ecosystem conservation conducted by [[Stellenbosch University]]. RDC is also looking to expand the area of forest under protection, for which it hopes to secure compensation through [[emerging markets]] for forest carbon.
The main Congolese environmental organization working to save the forests is an [[NGO]] called OCEAN, which serves as the link between international outfits like [[Greenpeace]] and local community groups in the concessions.
A 2013 study by British scientists showed that deforestation in the Congo Basin rainforest was slowing down.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-07-22|title=Deforestation in Africa's Congo Basin rainforest slows|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-23382526|access-date=2021-05-13}}</ref>
== National parks ==
{{Div col|small=yes}}
* [[Lobéké National Park]]
* [[Lomami National Park]]
* [[Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park]]
* [[Ntokou-Pikounda National Park]]
* [[Odzala-Kokoua National Park]]
* [[Salonga National Park]]
* [[Virunga National Park]]
{{Div col end}}
== See also ==
{{Portal|Africa|Geography}}
*[[Congo Basin Forest Partnership]]
*[[Exploration of the Congo basin]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Congo Basin}}
==External links==
* [http://www.pygmies.org/ Pygmies.org: African Pygmies website] — ''first inhabitants of the Congo Basin rainforests''.
{{Major African geological formations|state=collapsed}}
{{Regions of Africa}}
{{coord|0.0000|N|22.0000|E|format=dms|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Congo Basin}}
[[Category:Congo drainage basin| 01]]
[[Category:Congo River]]
[[Category:Drainage basins of Africa]]
[[Category:Sedimentary basins of Africa]]
[[Category:Regions of Africa]]
[[Category:Congolian forests]]
[[Category:Landforms of Angola]]
[[Category:Landforms of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Geography of Central Africa]]
[[Category:Landforms of Burundi]]
[[Category:Landforms of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Landforms of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Landforms of Zambia]]
[[Category:Basins of Africa]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-{{Short description|Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa}}{{otheruses|Congo (disambiguation)}}
+{{Short descriptionUgdidyughqwuiofghwruiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa}}{{otheruses|Congo (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Congobasinmap.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Course and drainage basin of the Congo River]]
The '''Congo Basin''' ({{lang-fr|Bassin du Congo}}) is the [[sedimentary basin]] of the [[Congo River]]. The Congo Basin is located in [[Central Africa]], in a region known as west [[equator]]ial [[Africa]]. The Congo Basin region is sometimes known simply as '''the Congo'''. It contains some of the largest tropical rainforests in the world and is an important source of water used in agriculture and energy generation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2012-09-28|title=Climate Change Impacts on the Congo Basin Region|url=https://www.wur.nl/en/Publication-details.htm?publicationId=publication-way-343335333530|access-date=2021-09-20|website=WUR|language=en-us}}</ref>
-
+'''''Bold text'''''HHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH''''''
Because of its size and diversity, many experts have characterized the basin's forest as important for [[Climate change mitigation|mitigating climate change]] because of its role as a [[carbon sink]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That’s Bad for Climate Change.|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> However, [[Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|deforestation]] and degradation of the ecology due to the [[Effects of climate change|impacts of climate change]] may increase stress on the forest ecosystem, in turn making the hydrology of the basin more variable.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That’s Bad for Climate Change.|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> In turn, a 2012 study found that the [[Climate variability and change|variability in precipitation due to climate change]] will negatively effect economic activity in the basin.<ref name=":2" />
@@ -37,37 +37,5 @@
== Climate ==
-The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature throughout the year
-
-The forests of the Congo Basin affect rainfall across the [[North Atlantic]]. In other words, these forests are crucial to the future of climate stability, a bulwark against [[runaway climate change]].
-
-== Population ==
-
-=== Humans ===
-[[File:Living on the rainforest.jpg|thumb|[[Aka people|Pygmy]] hunter-gatherers in the Central African Republic.]]
-The basin was the watershed of the Congo River populated by [[Congo Pygmies|pygmy peoples]], and eventually [[Bantu peoples]] [[Bantu expansion|migrated]] there and founded the [[Kingdom of Kongo]].
-
-The [[World Resources Institute]] estimated that 80 million people live in and around the Congo Basin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-28|title=You can't spell Congo without NGO|url=http://africa-reports.com/2021/02/28/you-cant-spell-congo-without-ngo/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Africa Reports|language=en-US}}</ref>
-
-=== Animals ===
-The Congo forest is home to [[okapi]], [[bonobo]] and the [[Congo peafowl]]. The basin is home to the endangered [[western lowland gorilla]]. In 2010, the United Nations Environment Programme warned that gorillas could be extinct from the Greater Congo Basin in a matter of 15 years.<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" >
-File:Gorilla gorilla04.jpg|[[Western lowland gorilla]]
-File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg|[[African forest elephant]]
-</gallery>
-
-== Forests ==
-[[File:Rainforest - Ituri (20874628148).jpg|thumb|[[Ituri Rainforest]]]]The Congo Basin is the largest forest in Africa. More than 10,000 plant species can be found in and around the forest.<ref name=":0" /> The humid forests cover 1.6 million km².<ref name=":1" />
-
-At a global level, Congo's forests act as the planet's second lung, counterpart to the rapidly dwindling Amazon. They are a huge "[[carbon sink]]," trapping carbon that could otherwise remain carbon dioxide. The Congo Basin holds roughly 8 percent of the world's forest-based carbon. If these woodlands are deforested, the carbon they trap will be released into the atmosphere. It says that 8% of the Earth's forest-based carbon is stored in the RDC's forests. Predictions for future unabated deforestation estimate that by 2050 activities in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] will release roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide as the [[United Kingdom]] has emitted over the last 60 years.
-
-In 2017, British scientists discovered that [[peatland]]s in the [[Cuvette Centrale]], which cover a total of 145,500 sq km, contain 30 billion tonnes of carbon, or 20 years of US fossil fuel emissions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=World's largest tropical peatland found in Congo basin|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/11/worlds-largest-peatland-vast-carbon-storage-capacity-found-congo|access-date=2021-05-13|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
-
-The Congo Basin is an important source of [[African teak]], used for building furniture and flooring. An estimated 40 million people depend on these woodlands, surviving on traditional livelihoods.
-
-The Global Forest Atlas estimated that the logging industry covers from 44 to 66 million hectares of forest.<ref name=":0" /> A study published in 2019 in ''[[Nature Sustainability]]'' showed that 54,000 miles of roads for forest concessions were built between 2003 and 2018, reaching a total of 143,500 miles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-24|title=Logging road construction has surged in the Congo Basin since 2003|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/logging-road-construction-surged-in-the-congo-basin-since-2003/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US}}</ref>
-
-=== Protection ===
-A moratorium on logging in the Congo forest was agreed between the [[World Bank]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (RDC, République Démocratique du Congo) in May 2002. The [[World Bank]] agreed to provide $90 million of development aid to RDC with the provision that the government did not issue any new concessions granting logging companies rights to exploit the forest. The deal also prohibited the renewal of existing concessions.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 22, 2007|title=The Fight to Save Congo's Forests|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/fight-save-congos-forests|work=thenation.com}}</ref>
-
-The government has written a new forestry code that requires companies to invest in local development and follow a sustainable, twenty-five-year cycle of rotational logging. When a company is granted a concession from the central government to log in Congo, it must sign an agreement with the local chiefs and hereditary land owners, who give permission for it to extract the trees in return for development packages. In theory, the companies must pay the government nearly $18 million rent a year for these concessions, of which 40% should be returned to provincial governments for investment in social development of the local population in the logged areas.
+The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature .
In its current form, the [[Kyoto Protocol]] does not reward so-called "avoided deforestation"—initiatives that protect forest from being cut down. But many climate scientists and policymakers hope that negotiations for Kyoto's successor will include such measures. If this were the case, there could be a financial incentive for protecting forests.
' |
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0 => '{{Short descriptionUgdidyughqwuiofghwruiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa}}{{otheruses|Congo (disambiguation)}}',
1 => ''''''Bold text'''''HHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH''''''',
2 => 'The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature .'
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa}}{{otheruses|Congo (disambiguation)}}',
1 => '',
2 => 'The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature throughout the year',
3 => '',
4 => 'The forests of the Congo Basin affect rainfall across the [[North Atlantic]]. In other words, these forests are crucial to the future of climate stability, a bulwark against [[runaway climate change]].',
5 => '',
6 => '== Population ==',
7 => '',
8 => '=== Humans ===',
9 => '[[File:Living on the rainforest.jpg|thumb|[[Aka people|Pygmy]] hunter-gatherers in the Central African Republic.]]',
10 => 'The basin was the watershed of the Congo River populated by [[Congo Pygmies|pygmy peoples]], and eventually [[Bantu peoples]] [[Bantu expansion|migrated]] there and founded the [[Kingdom of Kongo]].',
11 => '',
12 => 'The [[World Resources Institute]] estimated that 80 million people live in and around the Congo Basin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-28|title=You can't spell Congo without NGO|url=http://africa-reports.com/2021/02/28/you-cant-spell-congo-without-ngo/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Africa Reports|language=en-US}}</ref>',
13 => '',
14 => '=== Animals ===',
15 => 'The Congo forest is home to [[okapi]], [[bonobo]] and the [[Congo peafowl]]. The basin is home to the endangered [[western lowland gorilla]]. In 2010, the United Nations Environment Programme warned that gorillas could be extinct from the Greater Congo Basin in a matter of 15 years.<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" >',
16 => 'File:Gorilla gorilla04.jpg|[[Western lowland gorilla]]',
17 => 'File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg|[[African forest elephant]]',
18 => '</gallery>',
19 => '',
20 => '== Forests ==',
21 => '[[File:Rainforest - Ituri (20874628148).jpg|thumb|[[Ituri Rainforest]]]]The Congo Basin is the largest forest in Africa. More than 10,000 plant species can be found in and around the forest.<ref name=":0" /> The humid forests cover 1.6 million km².<ref name=":1" />',
22 => '',
23 => 'At a global level, Congo's forests act as the planet's second lung, counterpart to the rapidly dwindling Amazon. They are a huge "[[carbon sink]]," trapping carbon that could otherwise remain carbon dioxide. The Congo Basin holds roughly 8 percent of the world's forest-based carbon. If these woodlands are deforested, the carbon they trap will be released into the atmosphere. It says that 8% of the Earth's forest-based carbon is stored in the RDC's forests. Predictions for future unabated deforestation estimate that by 2050 activities in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] will release roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide as the [[United Kingdom]] has emitted over the last 60 years.',
24 => '',
25 => 'In 2017, British scientists discovered that [[peatland]]s in the [[Cuvette Centrale]], which cover a total of 145,500 sq km, contain 30 billion tonnes of carbon, or 20 years of US fossil fuel emissions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=World's largest tropical peatland found in Congo basin|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/11/worlds-largest-peatland-vast-carbon-storage-capacity-found-congo|access-date=2021-05-13|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>',
26 => '',
27 => 'The Congo Basin is an important source of [[African teak]], used for building furniture and flooring. An estimated 40 million people depend on these woodlands, surviving on traditional livelihoods.',
28 => '',
29 => 'The Global Forest Atlas estimated that the logging industry covers from 44 to 66 million hectares of forest.<ref name=":0" /> A study published in 2019 in ''[[Nature Sustainability]]'' showed that 54,000 miles of roads for forest concessions were built between 2003 and 2018, reaching a total of 143,500 miles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-24|title=Logging road construction has surged in the Congo Basin since 2003|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/logging-road-construction-surged-in-the-congo-basin-since-2003/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US}}</ref>',
30 => '',
31 => '=== Protection ===',
32 => 'A moratorium on logging in the Congo forest was agreed between the [[World Bank]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (RDC, République Démocratique du Congo) in May 2002. The [[World Bank]] agreed to provide $90 million of development aid to RDC with the provision that the government did not issue any new concessions granting logging companies rights to exploit the forest. The deal also prohibited the renewal of existing concessions.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 22, 2007|title=The Fight to Save Congo's Forests|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/fight-save-congos-forests|work=thenation.com}}</ref>',
33 => '',
34 => 'The government has written a new forestry code that requires companies to invest in local development and follow a sustainable, twenty-five-year cycle of rotational logging. When a company is granted a concession from the central government to log in Congo, it must sign an agreement with the local chiefs and hereditary land owners, who give permission for it to extract the trees in return for development packages. In theory, the companies must pay the government nearly $18 million rent a year for these concessions, of which 40% should be returned to provincial governments for investment in social development of the local population in the logged areas.'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_descriptionUgdidyughqwuiofghwruiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Short descriptionUgdidyughqwuiofghwruiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii (page does not exist)">Template:Short descriptionUgdidyughqwuiofghwruiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Congo (disambiguation)">Congo (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Congobasinmap.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Congobasinmap.png/330px-Congobasinmap.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="329" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Congobasinmap.png/495px-Congobasinmap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Congobasinmap.png/660px-Congobasinmap.png 2x" data-file-width="3007" data-file-height="2996" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Congobasinmap.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Course and drainage basin of the Congo River</div></div></div>
<p>The <b>Congo Basin</b> (<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Bassin du Congo</i>) is the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">sedimentary basin</a> of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a>. The Congo Basin is located in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>, in a region known as west <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equatorial</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The Congo Basin region is sometimes known simply as <b>the Congo</b>. It contains some of the largest tropical rainforests in the world and is an important source of water used in agriculture and energy generation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a></sup>
<i><b>Bold text</b></i>HHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH'
Because of its size and diversity, many experts have characterized the basin's forest as important for <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">mitigating climate change</a> because of its role as a <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">carbon sink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> However, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">deforestation</a> and degradation of the ecology due to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">impacts of climate change</a> may increase stress on the forest ecosystem, in turn making the hydrology of the basin more variable.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> In turn, a 2012 study found that the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">variability in precipitation due to climate change</a> will negatively effect economic activity in the basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>8 sites of the Congo Basin are inscribed on the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage List</a>, 5 being also on the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">list of World Heritage in Danger</a> (all 5 located in DRC). 14% of the humid forest is designated as protected.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#National_parks"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">National parks</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png/260px-CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="216" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png/390px-CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png/520px-CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="956" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Course and drainage basin of the Congo River with countries marked</div></div></div>
<p>The basin begins in the highlands of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a> system with input from the Chambeshi River, the Uele and Ubangi Rivers in the upper reaches and the Lualaba River draining wetlands in the middle reaches. Due to the young age and active uplift of the East African Rift at the headlands, the river's yearly sediment load is very large but the drainage basin occupies large areas of low relief throughout much of its area.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2005-5">[5]</a></sup> It is delineated largely by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell_(geology)" title="Swell (geology)">swells</a> including the Bie. Mayumbe, Adamlia, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo-Nile_Divide" title="Congo-Nile Divide">Nil-Congo</a>, East African, and Zambian Swells. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>The basin ends where the river empties its load in the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> on the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>.
</p><p>The basin is a total of 3.7 million square kilometers and is home to some of the largest undisturbed stands of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> on the planet, in addition to large wetlands.
</p><p><b>Congo</b> is a traditional name for the equatorial Middle Africa that lies between the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> and the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a>.
</p><p>Countries wholly or partially in the Congo region:
</p>
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Congo_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploration of the Congo basin">Exploration of the Congo basin</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Congo_basin" title="Colonization of the Congo basin">Colonization of the Congo basin</a></div>
<p><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgium</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">France</a>, and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a> later established <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonialism in Africa">colonial control</a> over the entire region by the late 19th century. The <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Act_of_the_Berlin_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="General Act of the Berlin Conference">General Act of the Berlin Conference</a> of 1885 gave a precise definition to the "conventional basin" of the Congo, which included the entire actual basin plus some other areas. The General Act bound its signatories to neutrality within the conventional basin, but this was not respected during the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The climate is equal, with two rainy seasons including very high rainfalls, and high temperature .
</p><p>In its current form, the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> does not reward so-called "avoided deforestation"—initiatives that protect forest from being cut down. But many climate scientists and policymakers hope that negotiations for Kyoto's successor will include such measures. If this were the case, there could be a financial incentive for protecting forests.
</p><p><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E2%80%99%C3%8Ele_Mbiye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L’Île Mbiye (page does not exist)">L’Île Mbiye</a> in Kisangani is part of the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Forest_Management_in_Africa_Symposium_project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium project (page does not exist)">Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium project</a> of forest ecosystem conservation conducted by <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch University</a>. RDC is also looking to expand the area of forest under protection, for which it hopes to secure compensation through <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerging markets">emerging markets</a> for forest carbon.
</p><p>The main Congolese environmental organization working to save the forests is an <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> called OCEAN, which serves as the link between international outfits like <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> and local community groups in the concessions.
</p><p>A 2013 study by British scientists showed that deforestation in the Congo Basin rainforest was slowing down.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="National_parks">National parks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National parks">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r998391716"/><div class="div-col div-col-small">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lob%C3%A9k%C3%A9_National_Park" title="Lobéké National Park">Lobéké National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomami_National_Park" title="Lomami National Park">Lomami National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouabal%C3%A9-Ndoki_National_Park" title="Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park">Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntokou-Pikounda_National_Park" title="Ntokou-Pikounda National Park">Ntokou-Pikounda National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odzala-Kokoua_National_Park" title="Odzala-Kokoua National Park">Odzala-Kokoua National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salonga_National_Park" title="Salonga National Park">Salonga National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_National_Park" title="Virunga National Park">Virunga National Park</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span><span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li>
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Basin_Forest_Partnership" title="Congo Basin Forest Partnership">Congo Basin Forest Partnership</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Congo_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploration of the Congo basin">Exploration of the Congo basin</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wur.nl/en/Publication-details.htm?publicationId=publication-way-343335333530">"Climate Change Impacts on the Congo Basin Region"</a>. <i>WUR</i>. 2012-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WUR&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Impacts+on+the+Congo+Basin+Region&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.wur.nl%2Fen%2FPublication-details.htm%3FpublicationId%3Dpublication-way-343335333530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change">"The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That's Bad for Climate Change"</a>. <i>Pulitzer Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulitzer+Center&rft.atitle=The+Congo+Rainforest+Is+Losing+Ability+to+Absorb+Carbon+Dioxide.+That%E2%80%99s+Bad+for+Climate+Change.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fpulitzercenter.org%2Fstories%2Fcongo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/congo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change">"The Congo Rainforest Is Losing Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide. That's Bad for Climate Change"</a>. <i>Pulitzer Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulitzer+Center&rft.atitle=The+Congo+Rainforest+Is+Losing+Ability+to+Absorb+Carbon+Dioxide.+That%E2%80%99s+Bad+for+Climate+Change.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fpulitzercenter.org%2Fstories%2Fcongo-rainforest-losing-ability-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/conservation-congo-basin/">"Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Natural+World+Heritage+in+the+Congo+Basin&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fconservation-congo-basin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-McDonald2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Mineral deposits & Earth evolution</i>. Geological Society. 2005. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86239-182-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86239-182-6"><bdi>978-1-86239-182-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mineral+deposits+%26+Earth+evolution&rft.pub=Geological+Society&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-86239-182-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKadimaDelvauxSebagenziTack2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kadima, E.; Delvaux, D.; Sebagenzi, S. N.; Tack, L.; Kabeya, S. M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00500.x">"Structure and geological history of the Congo Basin: an integrated interpretation of gravity, magnetic and reflection seismic data"</a>. <i>Basin Research</i>. <b>23</b> (5): 499–527. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2117.2011.00500.x">10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00500.x</a>. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2117">1365-2117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basin+Research&rft.atitle=Structure+and+geological+history+of+the+Congo+Basin%3A+an+integrated+interpretation+of+gravity%2C+magnetic+and+reflection+seismic+data&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=499-527&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2117.2011.00500.x&rft.issn=1365-2117&rft.aulast=Kadima&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Delvaux%2C+D.&rft.au=Sebagenzi%2C+S.+N.&rft.au=Tack%2C+L.&rft.au=Kabeya%2C+S.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2117.2011.00500.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-23382526">"Deforestation in Africa's Congo Basin rainforest slows"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2013-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Deforestation+in+Africa%27s+Congo+Basin+rainforest+slows&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-23382526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongo+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Basin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pygmies.org/">Pygmies.org: African Pygmies website</a> — <i>first inhabitants of the Congo Basin rainforests</i>.</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1057682214">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox th,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output th.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_African_geological_formations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054937957">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template talk:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Major_African_geological_formations&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_African_geological_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major African geological formations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Major plates: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Plate" title="African Plate">African Plate</a></li>
<li>Minor plates: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Plate" title="Somali Plate">Somali Plate</a></li>
<li>Microplates: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwandle_Plate" title="Lwandle Plate">Lwandle Plate</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Plate" title="Madagascar Plate">Madagascar Plate</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovuma_Plate" title="Rovuma Plate">Rovuma Plate</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Plate">Seychelles Plate</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Microplate" title="Victoria Microplate">Victoria Microplate</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">Cratons</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_(geology)" title="Shield (geology)">shields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian-Nubian_Shield" title="Arabian-Nubian Shield">Arabian-Nubian Shield</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharan_Metacraton" title="Saharan Metacraton">Saharan Metacraton</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_Craton" title="Tanzania Craton">Tanzania Craton</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuareg_Shield" title="Tuareg Shield">Tuareg Shield</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_Craton" title="West African Craton">West African Craton</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_Craton" title="Zimbabwe Craton">Zimbabwe Craton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_zone" title="Shear zone">Shear zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswa_Dislocation" title="Aswa Dislocation">Aswa Dislocation</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broodkop_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broodkop Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Broodkop Shear Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Shear_Zone" title="Central African Shear Zone">Central African Shear Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuan_Shear_Zones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuan Shear Zones (page does not exist)">Chuan Shear Zones</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foumban_Shear_Zone" title="Foumban Shear Zone">Foumban Shear Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandi_Fault_Zone" title="Kandi Fault Zone">Kandi Fault Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwembeshi_Shear_Zone" title="Mwembeshi Shear Zone">Mwembeshi Shear Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Todi_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todi Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Todi Shear Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Meseta_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Meseta Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Western Meseta Shear Zone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Orogen">Orogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Fold_Belt" title="Cape Fold Belt">Cape Fold Belt</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damara_orogeny" title="Damara orogeny">Damara Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Orogeny" title="East African Orogeny">East African Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eburnean_orogeny" title="Eburnean orogeny">Eburnean Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwanide_orogeny" title="Gondwanide orogeny">Gondwanide Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibaran_orogeny" title="Kibaran orogeny">Kibaran Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuunga_orogeny" title="Kuunga orogeny">Kuunga Orogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritanide_Belt" title="Mauritanide Belt">Mauritanide Belt</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_orogeny" title="Pan-African orogeny">Pan-African orogens</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_Australis_Orogen" title="Terra Australis Orogen">Terra Australis Orogen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">Rifts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_Triangle" title="Afar Triangle">Afar Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anza_trough" title="Anza trough">Anza trough</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr_el_Arab_rift" title="Bahr el Arab rift">Bahr el Arab rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benue_Trough" title="Benue Trough">Benue Trough</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Nile_rift" title="Blue Nile rift">Blue Nile rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez_Rift" title="Gulf of Suez Rift">Gulf of Suez Rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamu_Embayment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamu Embayment (page does not exist)">Lamu Embayment</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melut_Basin" title="Melut Basin">Melut Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muglad_Basin" title="Muglad Basin">Muglad Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_Rift" title="Red Sea Rift">Red Sea Rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangha_aulacogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangha aulacogen (page does not exist)">Sangha Aulacogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atbara_rift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atbara rift (page does not exist)">Atbara rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_and_Central_African_Rift_System" title="West and Central African Rift System">West and Central African Rift System</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Nile_rift" title="White Nile rift">White Nile rift</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola_Basin" title="Angola Basin">Angola Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoukar" title="Aoukar">Aoukar</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Nile_Basin" title="Blue Nile Basin">Blue Nile Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congo Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douala_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douala Basin (page does not exist)">Douala Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Djouf" title="El Djouf">El Djouf</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoo_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Karoo Basin">Karoo Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabon_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabon Basin (page does not exist)">Gabon Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iullemmeden_Basin" title="Iullemmeden Basin">Iullemmeden Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kufra_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufra Basin (page does not exist)">Kufra Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murzuq_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Murzuq Basin">Murzuq Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_Delta_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger Delta Basin">Niger Delta Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogaden_Basin" title="Ogaden Basin">Ogaden Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orange_River_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange River Basin (page does not exist)">Orange River Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouled_Abdoun_Basin" title="Ouled Abdoun Basin">Ouled Abdoun Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owambo_Basin" title="Owambo Basin">Owambo Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reggane_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reggane Basin (page does not exist)">Reggane Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rio_del_Rey_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rio del Rey Basin (page does not exist)">Rio del Rey Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirte_Basin" title="Sirte Basin">Sirte Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somali Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Somali Coastal Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoudeni_Basin" title="Taoudeni Basin">Taoudeni Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzania_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzania Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Tanzania Coastal Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindouf_Basin" title="Tindouf Basin">Tindouf Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkana_Basin" title="Turkana Basin">Turkana Basin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Mountain ranges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains" title="Aïr Mountains">Aïr Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambouk_Mountains" title="Bambouk Mountains">Bambouk Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Niger)" title="Blue Mountains (Niger)">Blue Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_line" title="Cameroon line">Cameroon line</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Pangean_Mountains" title="Central Pangean Mountains">Central Pangean Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaillu_Mountains" title="Chaillu Mountains">Chaillu Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="East African mountains">East African mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Escarpment,_Southern_Africa" title="Great Escarpment, Southern Africa">Great Escarpment</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Karas_Mountains" title="Great Karas Mountains">Great Karas Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9e_foresti%C3%A8re" title="Guinée forestière">Guinée forestière</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains" title="Hoggar Mountains">Hoggar Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imatong_Mountains" title="Imatong Mountains">Imatong Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebel_Uweinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Uweinat">Jebel Uweinat</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Mountains" title="Loma Mountains">Loma Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandara_Mountains" title="Mandara Mountains">Mandara Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrah_Mountains" title="Marrah Mountains">Marrah Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitumba_Mountains" title="Mitumba Mountains">Mitumba Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains" title="Rwenzori Mountains">Rwenzori Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankwala_Mountains" title="Sankwala Mountains">Sankwala Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serra_da_Leba" title="Serra da Leba">Serra da Leba</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serra_da_Chela" title="Serra da Chela">Serra da Chela</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teffedest_Mountains" title="Teffedest Mountains">Teffedest Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibesti_Mountains" title="Tibesti Mountains">Tibesti Mountains</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselbergs</a> (aka koppie)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugurtha_Tableland" title="Jugurtha Tableland">Jugurtha Tableland</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Ni%C3%A9nokou%C3%A9" title="Mont Niénokoué">Mont Niénokoué</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulanje_Massif" title="Mulanje Massif">Mulanje Massif</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wase_Rock" title="Wase Rock">Wase Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuma_Rock" title="Zuma Rock">Zuma Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inselbergs" title="List of inselbergs">List of inselbergs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1057682214"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1054937957"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Africa" title="Template:Regions of Africa"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Regions of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Regions_of_Africa&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subregion#Africa" title="Subregion">Regions</a> of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_(region)" title="Guinea (region)">Guinea region</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Lopez" title="Cape Lopez">Cape Lopez</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayombe" title="Mayombe">Mayombe</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igboland" title="Igboland">Igboland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaise" title="Mbaise">Mbaise</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool_Malebo" title="Pool Malebo">Pool Malebo</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congo Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroonian_Highlands_forests" title="Cameroonian Highlands forests">Cameroonian Highlands forests</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Sudanian_savanna" title="East Sudanian savanna">East Sudanian savanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congolian_rainforests" title="Congolian rainforests">Congolian rainforests</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouadda%C3%AF_highlands" title="Ouaddaï highlands">Ouaddaï highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennedi_Plateau" title="Ennedi Plateau">Ennedi Plateau</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertine_Rift" title="Albertine Rift">Albertine Rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley" title="Great Rift Valley">Great Rift Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Rift" title="Gregory Rift">Gregory Rift</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_Valley_lakes" title="Rift Valley lakes">Rift Valley lakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virunga Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavirondo" title="Kavirondo">Kavirondo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_montane_forests" title="East African montane forests">East African montane forests</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Arc_Mountains" title="Eastern Arc Mountains">Eastern Arc Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_Triangle" title="Afar Triangle">Afar Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Habash" title="Al-Habash">Al-Habash</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbaria_(East_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbaria (East Africa)">Barbaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danakil_Alps" title="Danakil Alps">Danakil Alps</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danakil_Desert" title="Danakil Desert">Danakil Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlak_Archipelago" title="Dahlak Archipelago">Dahlak Archipelago</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanish_Islands" title="Hanish Islands">Hanish Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tadjoura" title="Gulf of Tadjoura">Gulf of Tadjoura</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean islands</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoro_Islands" title="Comoro Islands">Comoro Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamu_Archipelago" title="Lamu Archipelago">Lamu Archipelago</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Madagascar)" title="Central Highlands (Madagascar)">Central Highlands (Madagascar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Highlands" title="Northern Highlands">Northern Highlands</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar_Archipelago" title="Zanzibar Archipelago">Zanzibar Archipelago</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Desert" title="Eastern Desert">Eastern Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient Libya</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashmur" title="Bashmur">Bashmur</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Arc" title="Gibraltar Arc">Gibraltar Arc</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile Valley</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataracts_of_the_Nile" title="Cataracts of the Nile">Cataracts of the Nile</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Nubia" title="Lower Nubia">Lower Nubia</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Egypt" title="Middle Egypt">Middle Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sudans" title="The Sudans">The Sudans</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibesti_Mountains" title="Tibesti Mountains">Tibesti Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_(region)" title="Rhodesia (region)">Rhodesia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">North</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">South</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thembuland" title="Thembuland">Thembuland</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succulent_Karoo" title="Succulent Karoo">Succulent Karoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_Karoo" title="Nama Karoo">Nama Karoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushveld" title="Bushveld">Bushveld</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maputaland" title="Maputaland">Maputaland</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fynbos" title="Fynbos">Fynbos</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_coastal_belt" title="Indian Ocean coastal belt">Indian Ocean coastal belt</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_thickets" title="Albany thickets">Albany thickets</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Floristic_Region" title="Cape Floristic Region">Cape Floristic Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_Coast" title="Skeleton Coast">Skeleton Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalahari_Desert" title="Kalahari Desert">Kalahari Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okavango_Delta" title="Okavango Delta">Okavango Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Peninsula" title="Cape Peninsula">Cape Peninsula</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_Bay" title="False Bay">False Bay</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_Coast" title="Pepper Coast">Pepper Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Coast_(region)" title="Gold Coast (region)">Gold Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_Coast_of_West_Africa" title="Slave Coast of West Africa">Slave Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Palmas" title="Cape Palmas">Cape Palmas</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Mesurado" title="Cape Mesurado">Cape Mesurado</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_(region)" title="Guinea (region)">Guinea region</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinean_Forests_of_West_Africa" title="Guinean Forests of West Africa">Guinean Forests of West Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Guinean_forests" title="Upper Guinean forests">Upper Guinean forests</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Guinean_forests" title="Lower Guinean forests">Lower Guinean forests</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinean_forest-savanna_mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinean forest-savanna mosaic">Guinean forest-savanna mosaic</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey_Gap" title="Dahomey Gap">Dahomey Gap</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger Basin</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Niger Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Sudanian_savanna" title="West Sudanian savanna">West Sudanian savanna</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afromontane" title="Afromontane">Afromontane</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Africa" title="Equatorial Africa">Equatorial Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7afrique" title="Françafrique">Françafrique</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guineo-Congolian_region" title="Guineo-Congolian region">Guineo-Congolian region</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islands_of_Africa" title="Islands of Africa">Islands of Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries where Arabic is an official language">List of countries where Arabic is an official language</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MENA" title="MENA">MENA</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MENASA" title="MENASA">MENASA</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miombo_woodlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Miombo woodlands">Miombo woodlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroland" title="Negroland">Negroland</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Northeast Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">Portuguese-speaking African countries</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_(region)" title="Sudan (region)">Sudan (region)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanian_savanna" title="Sudanian savanna">Sudanian savanna</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Africa" title="Tropical Africa">Tropical Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambezian_region" title="Zambezian region">Zambezian region</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Congo_Basin&params=0.0000_N_22.0000_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°00′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.0000°N 22.0000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.0000; 22.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
</p></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1638620549 |