Examine individual changes

'{{redirect|Galil}} {{Infobox weapon | name = IMI Galil | image = File:Galil.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = Galil ARM | origin = Israel | type = [[Assault rifle]]<br />[[Battle rifle]]<br />[[Designated Marksman Rifle]] <!-- Type selection --> | is_ranged = Yes <!-- Service history --> | service = 1972–present<ref name="bishop1998">{{Cite book|last=Bishop|first=Chris|title=Guns in Combat|publisher=Chartwell Books, Inc.|year=1998|isbn=0-7858-0844-2}}</ref> | used_by = See ''[[#Users|users]]'' | wars = {{ubl|[[Nicaraguan Revolution]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Carlos Caballero|last= Jurado|title=Central American Wars 1959-89|series= Men-at-Arms 221 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|place= London|year= 1990 |isbn=9780850459456|page=44}}</ref> |[[Salvadoran Civil War]]<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Infantry Weapons of the Salvadoran Forces|magazine=Small Arms Review |volume=3|issue=8 |date=May 2000|first=Julio A. |last=Montes|url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=3006}}</ref> |[[1982 Lebanon War]]|[[War in Somalia (1992–1993)|War in Somalia]]|[[South African Border War]]|[[Cenepa War]]|[[First Congo War]] |[[Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99)|Congo Civil War]]{{sfn|Small Arms Survey 2003|p=267}}|[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]|[[Iraq War]]|[[Insurgency in the Philippines]] |[[Guatemalan Civil War]]|[[Colombian Armed Conflict]]|[[Nepalese Civil War]]|[[Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present)|Central African Republic Civil War]]}} <!-- Production history --> | designer = [[Yisrael Galil]]<br/> [[Yakov Lior]] | design_date = | manufacturer = Manufactured by: * [[Israel Military Industries]] Licensed by: * Bernardelli * [[Indumil]] * Ka Pa Sa State Factories * [[Denel Land Systems]] * Punj Lloyd Raksha Systems ([[India]]) <ref name="thehindu.com">http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punj-lloyd-iwi-of-israel-make-small-arms-in-india/article18383248.ece</ref><ref name="strategicfront.org">https://www.strategicfront.org/israeli-assault-rifles-journey-prospects-india/</ref> *[[Z111 Factory]] ([[Vietnam]]) | production_date = | number = | variants = See ''[[#Variants|Variants]]'' <!-- General specifications --> | weight = * SAR 5.56mm: {{convert|3.75|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} * AR 5.56mm: {{convert|3.95|kg|abbr=on}} * ARM 5.56mm: {{convert|4.35|kg|abbr=on}} * SAR 7.62mm: {{convert|3.85|kg|abbr=on}} * AR 7.62mm: {{convert|3.95|kg|abbr=on}} * ARM 7.62mm: {{convert|4.45|kg|abbr=on}} * Sniper: {{convert|6.4|kg|abbr=on}} | length = * SAR 5.56mm: {{convert|850|mm|in|abbr=on}} stock extended / {{convert|614|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock folded * AR, ARM 5.56mm: {{convert|987|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock extended / {{convert|742|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock folded * SAR 7.62mm: {{convert|915|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock extended / {{convert|675|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock folded * AR, ARM 7.62mm: {{convert|1050|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock extended / {{convert|810|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock folded * Sniper: {{convert|1112|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock extended / {{convert|845|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock folded | part_length = * SAR 5.56mm: {{convert|332|mm|abbr=on|1}} * AR, ARM 5.56mm: {{convert|460|mm|abbr=on|1}} * SAR 7.62mm: {{convert|400|mm|abbr=on|1}} * AR, ARM 7.62mm: {{convert|535|mm|abbr=on|1}} * Sniper: {{convert|508|mm|abbr=on|1}} <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> | cartridge = * [[5.56×45mm NATO]] <ref name="bishop1998" /> * [[7.62×51mm NATO]] <ref name="bishop1998" /> * [[.30 Carbine]] (Magal Variant) | action = [[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[rotating bolt]] | rate = * 650 rounds/min <small>(Galil AR, Galil SAR, Galil ARM)</small> * 650–750 rounds/min <small>(Micro Galil)</small> | velocity = * SAR 5.56mm: {{convert|900|m/s|0|abbr=on}} * AR, ARM 5.56mm: {{convert|950|m/s|abbr=on|1}} * SAR 7.62mm: {{convert|800|m/s|abbr=on|1}} * AR, ARM 7.62mm: {{convert|850|m/s|abbr=on|1}} * Sniper: {{convert|815|m/s|abbr=on|1}} | range = 300–500 m sight adjustments | max_range = | feed = * [[5.56×45mm NATO]]: 35-, 50-, or 65-round detachable [[box magazine]], or 30-round [[STANAG magazine]] * [[7.62×51mm NATO]]: 25-round proprietary box magazine * [[.30 Carbine]]: 15 or 30-round box magazine from the [[M1 Carbine]], and or 27-round box magazine (Magal Variant) | sights = Flip-up rear aperture with protective ears, flip-up [[tritium]] night sights, hooded front post }} The '''IMI''' '''Galil''' ({{lang-he|גליל}}) is a family of [[Israel]]i made [[automatic rifle]]s designed by [[Yisrael Galil]] and Yaacov Lior in the late 1960s, and produced by [[Israel Military Industries|Israel Military Industries (IMI)]] (now called [[Israel Weapon Industries|Israel Weapon Industries (IWI)]]). The design is closely based on the [[Valmet Rk 62]], which is itself an improved version of the [[Soviet]] [[AK-47]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050317232711/http://www.ak-47.us/Israel.php]</ref> The first Galils were manufactured using Valmet Rk 62 receivers.<ref name="americanrifleman.org">https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2017/12/28/galil-ace-iwi-brings-the-ak-into-the-modern-era/ Galil ACE: IWI Brings the AK Into the Modern Era. by Jeremiah Knupp. December 28, 2017</ref> Most Galils are chambered for either the [[5.56×45mm NATO]] or [[7.62×51mm NATO]] cartridges. The Galil series of weapons is in use with military and police forces in over 25 countries. The Israeli army used the [[5.56×45mm NATO]] caliber Galil in three basic configurations. The '''A'''utomatic '''R'''ifle '''M'''achine-gun '''''(ARM)''''' with a bi-pod, wire-cutter and carrying handle would become the standard service rifle issued to front line infantry troops. This is the version that famously features a bottle opener in the front handguard.<ref name="Sweeney">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr68Qr8OrCIC&pg=PA191|title=The Gun Digest Book of the AK & SKS: A Complete Guide to Guns, Gear and Ammunition|last=Sweeney|first=Patrick|date=2009|publisher=Gun Digest Books|isbn=978-0-89689-678-9|page=191}}</ref> The '''A'''utomatic '''R'''ifle '''''(AR)''''' without the bi-pod, wire-cutter and carrying handle was issued to support troops and military police units. The '''S'''hort '''A'''utomatic '''R'''ifle '''''(SAR)''''', with a shortened barrel, was issued to vehicle crews, army staff and specialty troops. A modernized version of the Galil is currently in production in multiple calibers, called the '''''[[Galil ACE]]'''''. ==History== In the late 1950s, the [[Israel Defense Forces]] adopted the [[FN FAL]] [[battle rifle]] chambered for the [[7.62×51mm]] cartridge. Two models were fielded: the "Aleph" individual weapon and the "Bet" [[squad automatic weapon]]. The FAL first saw major combat with the Israelis during the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967. Although Israel won decisive victories, the FAL showed its limitations in IDF service; a common complaint was that the sand and dusty conditions caused the weapon's malfunction, but this was later attributed to the lack of maintenance given by IDF conscripts. Furthermore, it was a long and bulky weapon. Its length and malfunctions became such pervasive issues that during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], some soldiers armed themselves with an [[Uzi]] [[submachine gun]] with an extended barrel.<ref name="SADJ">[http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=1927 Galil Ace 5.56] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018114404/http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=1927 |date=2013-10-18 }} – SAdefensejournal.com, 29 May 2013</ref><ref name="history1">[http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=23 IMI Galil ARM/SAR] – Militaryfactory.com</ref> [[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Militant in Possession of Explosives and Multiple Guns.jpg|thumb|left|Comparison of the Hungarian [[AMD-65]] (top), the American [[M16A1 rifle|M16A1]] (middle) and the Israeli Galil ARM (bottom)]] During the Six-Day War, the Israelis captured thousands of [[AK-47]] assault rifles and evaluated them. The rifle proved far more reliable and controllable than the FAL, and the required maintenance was low enough that the conscripted troops would not require more stringent regulations of the weapon's care. Because of this, the IDF began the process of procuring a new automatic rifle that would offer the same benefits of low-maintenance as the AK-47 but with the accuracy of the M16 and FAL. The weapon was referred to as the Balashnikov. Several weapons were submitted for the lucrative deal of becoming the Israeli Army's standard-issue assault rifle; America offered the [[M16 rifle|M16A1]] and [[Stoner 63]] series and Germany offered the [[HK33]]. The AK-47 design was also considered, but difficulty in procurement limited its viability. However, an indigenous design was offered by [[Uziel Gal]], creator of the [[Uzi submachine gun]], but was ultimately found too complex and unreliable for adoption.<ref name="history1" /> Another indigenous design was offered by [[Yisrael Galil]]. This rifle was based on the [[7.62×39mm]] [[Valmet Rk 62]]. "In fact, the first Galils were manufactured using Valmet Rk 62 receivers."<ref name="americanrifleman.org"/> Galil's rifle was chambered for the American [[5.56×45mm]] round, originally the US M193 55-grain version. At the time, the United States was replacing France as Israel's main partner and weapons supplier. Tests conducted from the end of the 1960s to the early 1970s led to Galili's rifle emerging as the winner. However, issuing of the Galil was delayed by the sudden onset of the Yom Kippur War in 1973.<ref name="SADJ" /><ref name="history1" /><ref name="history2">[http://www.dnmsport.com/GALIL/historygalil.htm Galil Rifle History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512000952/http://www.dnmsport.com/GALIL/historygalil.htm |date=2013-05-12 }} – Dnmsport.com</ref> The Israeli army used the [[5.56×45mm NATO]] caliber Galil in three basic configurations. The '''A'''utomatic '''R'''ifle '''M'''achine-gun '''''(ARM)''''' with a bi-pod, wire-cutter and carrying handle would become the standard service rifle issued to front line infantry troops. This is the version that famously features a bottle opener in the front handguard.<ref name="Sweeney"/> The '''A'''utomatic '''R'''ifle '''''(AR)''''' without the bi-pod, wire-cutter and carrying handle was issued to support troops and military police units. The '''S'''hort '''A'''utomatic '''R'''ifle '''''(SAR)''''' with a shortened barrel was issued to vehicle crews, army staff and specialty troops. Although the Galil was the official service rifle of Israel from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s, it was never the principal rifle used in terms of numbers. Around 1975, 60,000 M16A1s from the U.S. Military Aid Program (MAP) began to arrive in Israel, these were quickly integrated into IDF service. As the cost of producing the Galil for all IDF forces was very expensive, Israel continued to purchase M16s and later M4s with military credit from the US, replacing many Galils then in service. In general, Israeli troops preferred the M16, because it was lighter and more accurate, if not quite as rugged and reliable. When the M4 came along this weapon with its short length and light weight became even more attractive, along with the M4's versatility in using different optics without losing zero when the weapon was disassembled, plus other rail-mounted accessories. The M16 and M4 also proved to be better suited to the grenade launching role using the US M203 integrated 40&nbsp;mm launcher. Israeli paratroops in particular preferred the M4 carbine to the Galil, while the M16 was retained for training recruits, reservists, Artillery Corps, and the Armored Corps (Heil HaShiryon).<ref>Rappoport, Elie, ''Micro Tavor vs. the M4/M16: Core Of The IDF", Draft IDF, 28 December 2017, retrieved 11 March 2018</ref> By 2000, both the Galil ARM and AR variants were phased out from standard issue and replaced by M4 and M16 variants. The Galil SAR (''G'lilon'') was kept in use by some rear-line services, including the [[Knesset Guard]]<ref name="SADJ" /> and the Artillery and Armored Corps, until around 2004. For a short time, the Galil was licensed by NWM (Nederlandsche Wapen-en Munitiefabriek) De Kruithoorn N.V. for sales to a NATO country.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070928075105/http://collectie.legermuseum.nl/sites/strategion/contents/i004532/arma38%20kalasjnikov.pdf</ref> Currently they are only manufactured in Colombia by [[INDUMIL|Indumil]], together with its [[IWI_ACE|Galil Ace]] and [[Galil Córdova]] variants of Colombian redesign. <ref>https://www.indumil.gov.co/categoria-producto/productos-militares/armas-es-es-es/</ref> ==Design details== ===Operating mechanism=== The Galil series of rifles are [[selective fire]] weapons operated by a [[Mikhail Kalashnikov|Kalashnikov]]-pattern [[Gas-operated reloading|gas-driven]] piston system with no regulator. The weapon is locked with a [[rotating bolt|rotary bolt]] with two locking lugs that lock into recesses milled into the receiver. When fired, a portion of the propellant gases are evacuated into the gas cylinder through a {{convert|1.8|mm|abbr=on|2}} port, drilled at a 30° angle in the barrel, and a channel in the gas block. The high-pressure gases drive the piston rod (which is attached to the bolt carrier) rearward. During this rearward movement, a cam slot machined into the bolt carrier engages a cam pin on the bolt and rotates the bolt, unlocking the action. The arrangement of parts on the bolt carrier assembly provides for a degree of free travel, allowing gas pressure in the barrel to drop to a safe level before unlocking. To the immediate rear of the [[Chrome plating|chrome-plated]] piston head is a notched ring which provides a reduced bearing surface and alleviates excess gas build-up. As the bolt carrier travels back, it compresses the return spring guided in a hollowed section of the bolt carrier and the return energy contained in the spring drives the moving assembly back forward, stripping a new round from the magazine and locking the action. The cocking handle is attached to the bolt carrier on the right side of the receiver and reciprocates with each shot; the handle is bent upwards allowing for operation with the left hand while the shooting hand remains on the [[pistol grip]]. The ejection of spent cases from the Galil is sometimes a violent action. Cases can be dented by the ejector and be thrown as much as 40&nbsp;ft away from the rifle in some cases, depending on position.<ref name="history2" /> ===Features=== [[File:Estonian soldier DA-SD-06-03436 c1.jpg|left|thumb|upright|An [[Estonia]]n soldier on patrol in March 2005, during the [[Iraq War]], with a compact Galil SAR in 5.56×45mm.]] The Galil is hammer-fired and has a trigger mechanism patterned after the trigger used in the American [[M1 Garand]].<ref name="Kokalis">{{Cite book |last=Kokalis |first=Peter |title=Weapons Tests And Evaluations: The Best Of Soldier Of Fortune |location=Boulder, CO |publisher=Paladin Press |year=2001 |page=253 |isbn=1-58160-122-0 }}</ref> The rifle's fire selector switch has three positions: S-A-R. The standard AK-47 style selector is retained on the right face of the receiver, and a dual thumb-selector is present on the left face above the pistol grip for easier manipulation.<ref name="MF">http://modernfirearms.net/en/assault-rifles/israel-assault-rifles/galil-eng/</ref> Pushing the left-selector to the rear position "R" (British terminology for "repetition"), provides semi-automatic fire. Pushing it to the middle position "A" produces fully automatic fire. Pushing the lever fully forward to "S" will activate the safety. Some models use a reverse-linkage RAS mechanism that performs the opposite action; pushing forward sets the rifle to Repetition or Automatic, and pulling rearward engages the safety, The Galil prototypes used a stamped and riveted [[sheet metal]] steel receiver, but due to the higher operating pressures of the 5.56×45mm cartridge, this solution was discarded and the designers turned to a heavy [[Milling machine|milled]] [[forging]]. As a testament to its heritage, early prototypes were fabricated using [[Valmet]] [[Rk 62]] receivers manufactured in Finland.<ref name="Kokalis" /> All exterior metal surfaces are [[Parkerizing|phosphated]] for corrosion resistance and then coated with a black enamel (except for the barrel, gas block and front sight tower). The machined solid steel billet action avoided cracking problems the AK-series had with steel stamped sheet actions, but this made the Galil heavier.<ref name="SADJ" /> The Gas-Block, handguard retainers and folding-stock mechanism components are cast pieces that are finish-machined and accordingly fitted. The sighting arrangements are also entirely cast and machined for greater durability. The only stamped components on the Galil are the magazine-catch, trigger guard, dust cover (on the R5 and R6 the rear handguard-retainer is stamped versus cast) and the magazines. The weapon is fitted with a high-impact plastic handguard and pistol grip and a side-folding (folds to the right side) tubular steel skeleton [[Stock (firearm)|stock]]. The rifle can be used with a sound [[suppressor]]. The weapon features a bottle opener in the front handguard and wire cutter built into the bipod.<ref name="Sweeney"/> The bottle opener feature was included to prevent damage to magazines being used to open bottles, due to the large civilian reservist components of the IDF. Use of magazines to open bottles was a common source of magazine lip damage with [[Uzi]] submachine guns. Wire cutters were included to reduce the time necessary for IDF troops to cut down wire fences common to rural areas in Israel. ===Barrel=== Early production models were supplied with barrels that had six right-hand grooves and a 305&nbsp;mm (1:12 in) rifling twist (optimized for use with M193 ammunition), while recent production models feature a 178&nbsp;mm (1:7 in) twist barrel with six right-hand grooves (used to stabilize the heavier SS109/M855 projectile). The barrel has a slotted [[flash suppressor]] with 6 ports and can be used to launch [[rifle grenade]]s (such as the [[BT/AT 52]]) or mount a [[bayonet]] lug attachment (it will accept the [[M7 bayonet]]).<ref name="Kokalis" /> ===Feeding=== The Galil is fed from a curved, [[steel]] [[Magazine (firearms)|box magazine]] with a 35-round capacity (SAR and AR versions), a 50-round capacity (ARM model) or a special color-coded 12-round magazine blocked for use exclusively with [[ballistite]] (blank) cartridges, used to launch rifle grenades. The magazine is inserted front end first in a similar manner to the AK family. An optional magazine adaptor enables the use of M16 type [[STANAG magazine]]s.<ref name="Kokalis" /><ref name="MF"/> Some who have used the Galil ARM with the 50-round magazine have noted that it is difficult to engage targets at elevated heights while firing on the ground in the prone position due to the magazine's extended length.<ref name="history2" /> ===Sights=== The L-shaped rear sight has two apertures preset for firing at 0–300&nbsp;m and 300–500&nbsp;m respectively (the rear sight can only be adjusted for elevation). The front post is fully adjustable for both windage and elevation zero and is enclosed in a protective hood. Low-light flip-up front blade and rear sight elements have three self-luminous [[tritium]] capsules (betalights) which are calibrated for 100&nbsp;m when deployed. When the rear night sight is flipped up for use, the rear aperture sights must be placed in an offset position intermediate between the two apertures. Certain variants have a receiver-mounted dovetail adapter that is used to mount various optical sights. ===Stock=== The standard stock found on the Galil is a rough-copy of the FN-FAL Paratrooper stock, with modifications for simpler production and ease of use. Unlike the FAL folding stock, the Galil uses no locking button and is operated entirely by a pin and spring pivoting mechanism; to fold the stock, the "L" bracket on the stock portion is pressed down to where the spring is fully compressed and the entire stock is allowed to pivot on the buttstock hinge. The same operation is done for unfolding to the stock to the open-position. The bracket and knuckle assemblies feature camming surfaces that allow the emergency unfolding of the stock by simply pulling the buttstock rearwards, however this should generally be avoided as it will wear down the mechanism rapidly over time, and lead to the stock wobbling in both positions. There were six different types of Galil folding stock (not including the Micro or Galatz models) that were utilized over time on the Galil and R4 series of weapons. Wooden AK47 type buttstocks were also offered by request, although none are known to have been used by any militaries and were mostly relegated to the civilian market. Contrary to popular belief, all Galil folding stocks are made of tubular aluminum like its FAL rendition; steel was never used, as it would have added too much additional weight, and the aluminum stocks were more than durable for standard firing and rifle-grenade usage. ==Variants== ===Galil AR=== [[File:Imfdb galil.jpg|thumb|Galil AR]] The standard rifle version which is fitted with a high-impact plastic handguard and pistol grip, a side-folding (folds to the right side) tubular metal skeleton [[Stock (firearm)|stock]] as fitted to all variants except the Galil Sniper. The 5.56mm NATO version uses a 35-round magazine and a has a {{convert|460|mm|abbr=on|1}} barrel, while the 7.62mm NATO version uses a 25-round magazine and has a {{convert|535|mm|abbr=on|1}} barrel. ===Galil SAR=== [[File:DA-ST-96-01245.JPEG|thumb|right|A [[Nepal]]ese peacekeeper with the 7.62mm Galil SAR.]] The SAR carbine variant (aka: '''G'lilon'''), is configured with a shorter barrel. Due to the shorter barrel a corresponding shorter piston and gas tube as well as a unique gas block are found on the SAR. The SAR variant saw the longest service life in the IDF, being in use with the Armored Corps until 2005. The 5.56mm NATO version uses a 35-round magazine and a has a {{convert|332|mm|abbr=on|1}} barrel. While the 7.62mm NATO version uses a 25-round magazine and has a {{convert|400|mm|abbr=on|1}} barrel. ===Galil ARM=== [[File:IMI-Galil.jpg|thumb|5.56mm Galil ARM with bi-pod deployed]] The ARM light machine gun variant is additionally equipped with a carrying handle, folding bipod and a larger wooden handguard. The wooden handguard remains cooler during sustained automatic fire and has grooves for bipod storage. When folded, the bipod's legs form a speed chute for rapid magazine insertion; the bipod will form a wire cutter and the rear handguard ferrule, which retains the bipod legs, can be used to open bottles by design, in order to prevent soldiers using magazine lips for this purpose (which damaged them).<ref name="Kokalis" /> The 5.56mm NATO version uses a 35-round magazine and a has a {{convert|460|mm|abbr=on|1}} barrel, while the 7.62mm NATO version uses a 25-round magazine and has a {{convert|535|mm|abbr=on|1}} barrel. ===Micro Galil=== [[File:Elements of the Force Intervention Brigade of MONUSCO give a demonstration of their know-how in combat. The Brigade is mandated by the UN Security Council to neutralize all armed groups in eastern D.R. Congo. (9494347599).jpg|thumb|UN peacekeeper in Africa armed with a Galil MAR]] The most recent addition to the Galil family of weapons is the '''MAR''' compact carbine, which retains the internal features of the original Galil with a completely new frame, operating system and an even shorter barrel. Introduced to the public at the 2nd International Defence Industry Exhibition in Poland in 1994, the weapon was developed for use with the army and police special units, vehicle crews, army staff, special operations personnel and airborne infantry. The MAR, or the '''Micro Galil''', is a reduced-size version of the Galil SAR (706&nbsp;mm stock extended / 465&nbsp;mm folded), weighing 2.98&nbsp;kg (6.57 pounds) empty. Compared to the original carbine, the MAR has a shortened barrel (210&nbsp;mm), receiver, piston, gas tube and foregrip. The firearm is fed from a 35-round steel magazine which can be clipped together to increase reload speed. The MAR has a cyclic rate of fire of around 650–750 RPM (rounds per minute), which is a bit higher than the full sized rifles. An optional magazine adapter inserted inside the magazine well allows the use of standard 20- and 30-round [[M16 rifle|M16]] magazines. The lever safety and fire selector (located on both sides of the receiver) has four settings: "S"—weapon is safe, "A"—automatic fire, "B"—3-round burst, "R"—semi-automatic mode. The barrel has a multifunction muzzle device. The MAR is equipped with a folding tubular aluminum stock and a flip aperture sight with two settings: 0–300&nbsp;m and beyond 300&nbsp;m. The MAR can also be equipped with a night vision device (attached through an adapter mounted to the left side of the receiver), a daytime optical sight (mounted via a receiver cover adapter), low-light sights with [[tritium]] illuminated dots, a vertical forward grip with integrated laser pointer, silencer and a nylon sling. Upon request, the weapon can be supplied with a bolt catch, plastic magazines weighing 0.164&nbsp;kg or an enlarged trigger guard for use with gloves. The MAR has undergone several changes over time, and it is worth noting that it may also be found with a polymer-coated aluminum stock or an all-polymer stock. The Model 699 is available with a 267&nbsp;mm barrel and optional left-side charging handle which is welded onto the left side of the bolt carrier and protrudes through a slot cut in the receiver cover that is covered by a spring-loaded cover while the bolt carrier is forward. ===Galil Sniper=== [[File:Galil-Sniper-Galatz-r001.jpg|thumb|IWI Galil Sniper (Galatz) semi-automatic sniper rifle.]] The 7.62mm '''Galil Sniper''' (aka: ''Galil Tzalafim'' or "''Galatz''") is a derivative of the ARM that is used in conjunction with high-quality [[7.62×51mm NATO]] ammunition for consistent accuracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmet.org/galilsniper.htm|title=Galil 7.62mm semi-automatic sniper rifle|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> The precision rifle is a semi-automatic-only rifle with a similar operating system to other Galil variants, but optimised for accuracy. The rifle is fed from a proprietary 25-round box magazine. It uses a heavy-profile match barrel that is heavier than that used on other variants. It is fitted with a multi-functional muzzle device, which acts as both a [[flash suppressor]] and a [[muzzle brake]]. It can be replaced with a [[sound suppressor]], which requires the use of subsonic ammunition for maximum effectiveness. The weapon was modified with a two-stage trigger mechanism with an adjustable pull force, a wooden buttstock that folds to the right side of the weapon and a heavy-duty [[bipod]], mounted to the forward base of the receiver housing that folds beneath the handguard when not in use. The buttstock is fully adjustable in length and height and features a variable-height cheek riser. The rifle comes with mechanical [[iron sight]]s and an adapter used to mount a telescopic day sight (Nimrod 6×40) or a night sight. The mount is quick-detachable and capable of retaining zero after remounting. The precision rifle is stored in a rugged transport case that comes with an optical sight, mount, filters, two slings (for carrying and firing) and a cleaning kit. Recent production models feature synthetic plastic furniture and a skeletonized metal stock. The Galatz was first introduced in 1983.<ref>[http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=605 IMI Galil Sniper (Galatz)] – Militaryfactory.com</ref> The '''SR-99''' is a modernized version of the Galatz featuring an adjustable skeleton stock instead of a wooden stock, synthetic handguard, and a synthetic pistol grip. It is somewhat less rugged, but more ergonomic.<ref>[http://weaponsystems.net/weapon.php?weapon=AA04+-+Galil Galil] – Weaponsystems.net</ref> The Galatz is made under license by Punj Lloyd Raksha Systems.<ref name="thehindu.com">http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punj-lloyd-iwi-of-israel-make-small-arms-in-india/article18383248.ece</ref><ref name="strategicfront.org">https://www.strategicfront.org/israeli-assault-rifles-journey-prospects-india/</ref> ===Other variants=== * '''Magal''': A law enforcement carbine variant of the Galil MAR chambered in [[.30 Carbine]]. It uses the same 15- and 30-round magazines as the M1 Carbine, as well as a dedicated 27-round magazine incorporating a bolt hold-open device. First issued in 1999, the MAGAL was withdrawn from service in 2001 after numerous complaints of malfunctions. * '''Marksman Assault Rifle Mark 1''': 5.56mm [[designated marksman rifle]] introduced in 1996. Has a scope and padded stock.<ref name="history1" /> * '''Golani''': A civilian version with a new-production milled semi-automatic receiver and barrel built in the United States. All other components are original IMI Galil production parts. * '''[[Galil ACE]]''': The new generation of the Galil rifle, utilizing a left-side-mounted charging handle, a spring-loaded dust cover, and a plastic or polymer lower receiver designed to lower cost and weight. The ACE has been produced in three versions (Micro, SAR and AR) chambered for [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56mm NATO]], [[7.62×39mm|7.62mm Soviet M43]] and [[7.62×51mm NATO|7.62mm NATO]]. All variants have up to five [[picatinny rail]]s for mounting optical devices and accessories, It can be stripped without any tools. ===Foreign variants=== ====Italian variants==== The Italian firearms manufacturing firm [[Vincenzo Bernardelli S.p.A. (firearms)|Vincenzo Bernardelli]] manufactured under license quantities of the Galil assault rifle in two different models for governmental use in the 1980s.<ref name="RV2P1">Roodhorst, The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia II: Italy-Russia, Page 1386.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bernardelli.com/en/storia-azienda.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429085844/http://bernardelli.com/en/storia-azienda.html |archive-date=2018-04-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The '''Bernardelli Mod.377 VB-STD''' assault rifle was an outright clone of the Galil AR/ARM variant. The '''Bernardelli Mod.378 VB-SR''' assault carbine was a modified clone of the Galil SAR with a different magazine well that accepted [[STANAG magazine]]s, much similar in concept and look to the above-mentioned optional magazine adapter currently available for the Israeli-made models, except that the Bernardelli VB-SR could be manufactured with permanent STANAG magazine well modification on demand.<ref name="RV2P1"/> The rifles competed to the trial for the adoption of a new [[5.56×45mm NATO]] caliber rifle, but lost to the [[Beretta AR70/90|Beretta 70/90 assault weapons system]].<ref name="RV2P1"/><ref>http://www.collezionareexordinanza.it/scheda/74/BERETTA-AR70-90/</ref> Both rifles have the A-R-S trigger group (S-E-F; Safe, Semi-Auto, Full-Auto).<ref>http://www.securityarms.com/firearm/2608</ref><ref name="RV2P1"/> The STD can be adopted to mount the M203.<ref name="RV2P1"/> The VB-SR's parts can be changed with the R5 and the Galil SAR.<ref name="RV2P1"/> ====Myanmar variants==== The MA series, which means '''Myanmar Army''',<ref name="APS">{{Cite web |url=http://asia-pacific-solidarity.net/asiapacific/focus/at_toysfortheboysinmyanmar_060911.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623173548/http://asia-pacific-solidarity.net/asiapacific/focus/at_toysfortheboysinmyanmar_060911.htm |archive-date=2016-06-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> are Myanmar variant of the Galil assault rifle with some localised modifications produced with assistance from Israel. The series are sometimes mentioned in firearms literature as the EMERK-3.<ref name="RV2P2">Roodhorst, The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia II: Italy-Russia, Page 1399.</ref> The rifles are manufactured by Myanmar Fritz Werner Industries.<ref name="RV2P2"/> They were introduced with wooden handguards before initial models were made with brown polymer furniture and rounded, smooth pistol grips.<ref name="BSA">{{cite web|url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1154|title=Burmese Small Arms Development|work=smallarmsreview.com}}</ref> Later versions were produced with black furniture and clear cut Galil grips, designated as the Mk II.<ref name="BSA"/><ref>http://soha.vn/quan-su/sung-truong-myanmar-tu-lam-xuat-hien-tai-viet-nam-20141123170313522.htm</ref> The bipod was not made standard with the MA-1s with cleaning kit stored in a hollow space in the buttstock.<ref name="MA1">https://kknews.cc/military/8xn5v8g.html</ref> Serial production started in 2002 after signing an agreement with IMI.<ref name="Irrawaddy">http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=16508</ref> The assault rifles were mostly made at Ka Pa Sa No 1 or DI-1, a factory located near Inya Lake.<ref>http://www.asiapacificms.com/papers/pdf/burma_dprk_military_cooperation.pdf</ref><ref name="APS"/> The MA rifles are made with ventilated handguards and horizontal charging handles, unlike the Galil which has a vertical charging handle.<ref name="RV2P2"/> They can also use 5.56 NATO magazines made for the IMI Galil.<ref name="RV2P2"/> By 2009, it was reported that the army was almost fully equipped with the MA series.<ref name="Irrawaddy"/> They are not only used by the Myanmar Army, but they've been seen in the arsenals of the [[Karen National Liberation Army]] <ref name="KNLA">http://www.dictatorwatch.org/KNLA/KNLAapr2to7.pdf</ref> and the [[Ta'ang National Liberation Army]],<ref>http://www.dictatorwatch.org/burmadeathwatch.html</ref> captured from Myanmar army forces<ref name="KNLA"/> or from defecting soldiers.<ref>http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/HRDU_YB-2008/pdf/ethnic.pdf</ref> They consist of the follow variants:<ref name="BSA"/><ref name="Irrawaddy"/> * MA-1: Standard assault rifle with a bayonet lug for the option to have a bayonet mounted.<ref name="RV2P2"/> * MA-2: Light machine gun version with a heavy barrel and a bipod mounted.<ref name="RV2P3">Roodhorst, The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia II: Italy-Russia, Page 1400.</ref> It was originally developed without the idea of using a drum magazine, relying on assault rifle magazines.<ref name="MA2">{{Cite web |url=https://item.btime.com/m_9fea8a04a0c80ef29 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803104414/https://item.btime.com/m_9fea8a04a0c80ef29 |archive-date=2018-08-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It's usually seen with the MA-15, a clone of the MG 3.<ref name="MA2"/> * MA-3: Carbine version with a folding metal buttstock.<ref name="RV2P4">Roodhorst, The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia II: Italy-Russia, Page 1401.</ref> * MA-4: A version of the MA-1 equipped with an underbarrel grenade launcher.<ref name="RV2P4"/> * MA-S: Known as Myanmar Army Sniper, a designated marksman rifle variant based on the MA-2 with the design being influenced by the [[Dragunov SVD]].<ref name="BT">{{Cite web |url=https://item.btime.com/m_9a10718e420438dc6 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729111846/https://item.btime.com/m_9a10718e420438dc6 |archive-date=2018-07-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It's chambered in 7.62x51 NATO caliber and fires from a 10-round magazine.<ref name="BT"/> ====South African variants==== {{Main|Vektor R4}} The '''[[Vektor R4]]''' is a South African variant of the Galil ARM assault rifle<ref name="woźniak">Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej – tom 4 R-Z. Bellona. 2002. pp9–10.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq2Dnj4sDZIC|title=Rifles Of The World|author=John Walter|page=141|year=2006|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=0-89689-241-7|access-date=2008-08-27}}</ref> with several modifications; notably, both the [[Stock (firearms)|stock]] and [[Magazine (firearms)|magazine]] are made of a high-strength [[polymer]] and the stock was lengthened, adapting the weapon for the average South African soldier.<ref name="woźniak" /> [[File:VektorR4.png|thumb|right|The first ''R4'' manufactured in South Africa]] The [[South African Navy]], [[South African Air Force]] and [[South African Police Service]] adopted a short [[carbine]] version of the 5.56mm Galil SAR, which was license-manufactured as the '''R5'''. The R5, when compared to the larger R4, has a barrel that is {{convert|130|mm|in|1|sp=us}} shorter, together with a shorter gas system and handguard. It also lacks a bipod, and the flash hider does not support [[rifle grenade]]s. In the 1990s, an even more compact [[personal defence weapon]] variant of the R5 was developed for armored vehicle crews, designated the '''R6''', which has a further reduced barrel and a shortened gas cylinder and piston assembly. ''Lyttleton Ingenieurs Werke'' (LIW)/[[Denel Land Systems]] (DLS) also introduced a line of [[Semi-automatic firearm|semi-automatic]] variants of the R4, R5 and R6 called the '''LM4''', '''LM5''' and '''LM6''' respectively, built for civilian and law enforcement users. {| class="wikitable" |- !Vektor Rifle!!colspan="7"|Specifications |- !Model !! Overall<br />Length !! Barrel<br />Length !! Weight!! ROF |- |'''R4 Rifle''' || 1,005&nbsp;mm (39.6&nbsp;in) stock extended<br />740&nbsp;mm (29.1&nbsp;in) stock folded || 460&nbsp;mm (18.1&nbsp;in) || 4.3&nbsp;kg (9.48&nbsp;lb) || 650-700 rpm |- |'''R5 Carbine''' || 877&nbsp;mm (34.5&nbsp;in) stock extended<br />615&nbsp;mm (24.2&nbsp;in) stock folded || 332&nbsp;mm (13.1&nbsp;in) || 3.7&nbsp;kg (8.2&nbsp;lb) || 650-700 rpm |- |'''R6 [[Personal Defense Weapon|PDW]]''' || 805&nbsp;mm (31.7&nbsp;in) stock extended<br />565&nbsp;mm (22.2&nbsp;in) stock folded || 280&nbsp;mm (11.0&nbsp;in) || 3.6&nbsp;kg (7.9&nbsp;lb) || 585 rpm |} The R4's parts can be interchanged with the Galil ARM with Valmet rifle magazine made for 5.56 NATO caliber being usable for the R4.<ref name="RV3">Roodhorst, The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia III: Serbia-VietnamPage 2961.</ref> ====Swedish variants==== [[File:FFV 890 C.jpg|thumb|right|The Swedish FFV 890 C.]] {{Main|FFV 890}} The FFV 890 C is a Swedish assault rifle based on the Galil SAR, which was manufactured by [[:sv:Försvarets Fabriksverk|Försvarets Fabriksverk]].<ref name="forgottenweapons">{{cite web |url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/ffv-890c/ |title=FFV-890C: The Swedish Service Rifle That Never Was |first=Seth |last=Cane |access-date=23 August 2019 |website=forgottenweapons.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707210716/http://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/ffv-890c/ |archive-date=7 July 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The rifle was FFV's entry to the Swedish Armed Forces trials for the new 5.56 mm assault rifle in 1979-1980; in the initial tests, IMI manufactured Galil ARM and SAR renamed as FFV 890 had participated in its stead.<ref name="forgottenweapons"/> Despite the FFV 890 C being superior to the other final contestant in the field trials, [[FN FNC]], the FNC was chosen due to lower manufacturing costs.<ref name="gotavapen">{{cite web |url=http://www.gotavapen.se/gota/ak/ak4_5/ak5_history.htm |title=Swedish military assault rifles 1945 - 1990, Ak4 and Ak 5. |website=gotavapen.se |publisher=Göta Vapenhistoriska Sällskap |access-date=23 August 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216132353/http://www.gotavapen.se/gota/ak/ak4_5/ak5_history.htm |archive-date=16 February 2019 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Due to the loss in the trials, it was never widely adopted anywhere, and saw only limited use within the Swedish police.<ref name="forgottenweapons"/> ==Users== [[File:Peruvian Marines Galil.JPG|thumb|[[Peruvian Naval Infantry|Peruvian marines]] break contact following a simulated ambush by an enemy sniper. Seen here using the 7.62mm Galil AR.]] [[File:Shooters Put Rounds Downrange During Three Days of Marksmanship Events at Fuerzas Comando Image 6 of 8.jpg|thumb|right|Nicaraguan Micro Galil]] [[File:Members of the Djiboutian national police in training.jpg|thumb|right|[[Djibouti]]an National Police officers training with the 7.62mm Galil AR.]] <!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.--> * {{flag|Bolivia}}<ref name="jones2009">Jones, Richard D. ''Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010''. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). {{ISBN|978-0-7106-2869-5}}.</ref> * {{flag|Botswana}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Brazil}}: The ''[[State police#Brazil|Polícia Militar do Estado do Pará]]'' (PMPA; ''Military State Police of Pará'') ordered 555 Magal Carbines in 2001.<ref name="jones2009" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/magazines/tactical-weapons/magal-30m1/2/|title='''Tactical Weapons''' magazine ''The Magal .30M1: A look back at the Galil's cousin that's still kicking for Brazilian and Israeli police forces'', by Ronaldo Olive.|work=Tactical Life|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Cameroon}}: Issued to presidential guard units<ref name = 'Israel Africa'>{{cite journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215174232/http://www.nonproliferation.eu/documents/other/siemontwezeman4e9eb5e5806bd.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2013|title= Israeli arms transfers to sub-Saharan Africa|url=http://www.nonproliferation.eu/documents/other/siemontwezeman4e9eb5e5806bd.pdf|journal=SIPRI Background Paper|publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|SIPRI]]|first=Siemon T. |last=Wezeman}}</ref> and the [[Rapid Intervention Battalion, Cameroon|BIR]].<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|first1=Jeremy |last1=Binnie|first2=Erwan|last2= de Cherisey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622123315/http://www.janes.com/images/assets/520/71520/New-model_African_armies.pdf|title= New-model African armies|publisher= Jane's|date= 2017|archive-date= 22 June 2017|url=http://www.janes.com/images/assets/520/71520/New-model_African_armies.pdf}}</ref> * {{flag|Central African Republic}}<ref name ='SAS 2005'>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2005.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2005/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2005-Chapter-11-EN.pdf|chapter=The Central African Republic: A Case Study of Small Arms and Conflict|title=Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2005|author=[[Small Arms Survey]]|page=318|isbn=978-0-19-928085-8|access-date=2018-08-29|archive-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830004838/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2005.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CAR">{{cite news|title=Centrafrique : le Soudan a-t-il armé les ex-Séléka ? |language=fr|work=[[Jeune Afrique]]|date=17 December 2013|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/166718/politique/centrafrique-le-soudan-a-t-il-arm-les-ex-s-l-ka/|first=Laurent |last=Touchard }}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}: Delivered in 2006.<ref name = 'Israel Africa'/> Seen in the hands of Chadian peacekeepers in Mali.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dormino |first=Marco |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/minusma/9394634036/in/faves-79201499@N08/ |title=Visite d'une délégation militaire dans le Nord du Mali – Generals to the North |publisher=girafprod.com |access-date=2017-01-31}}{{Better source|reason=Unless it mentions it explicitly, then I would recommend to change this reference.|date=January 2018}}</ref> * {{flag|Chile}}: [[Chilean Air Force]] SAR, ARM variants. [[Chilean Army]] Galil ACE Model 23, replacing some of the SIG-FAMAE rifles. [[Investigations Police of Chile]] ERTA Tactical Response SWAT team, (replaced by [[Tavor TAR-21]]) and regular units. * {{flag|Colombia}}: Standard issue rifle. Produced under license by [[Indumil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indumil.gov.co/?id_c=21&tpl=producto|title=INDUMIL – Industria Militar|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> Also adopted the [[Galil ACE]] rifle by the middle of 2010, produced by Indumil.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/IWI-Galil-ACE-5-56-mm-assault-rifle-Israel.html| title=IWI Galil ACE 5.56 mm assault rifle (Israel), Rifles| publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]| access-date= August 17, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815052539/http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/IWI-Galil-ACE-5-56-mm-assault-rifle-Israel.html| url-status=live|archive-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> [[FARC]] rebels use captured examples against the Colombian armed forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://resistencia-colombia.org/farc-ep/partes-de-guerra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603113740/http://www.resistencia-colombia.org/farc-ep/partes-de-guerra|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 June 2013|title=Partes de guerra – FARC-EP Bloque Martín Caballero|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Republic of Congo}}: delivered in 1994<ref name ='SAS 2003 263'>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2003.html|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2003/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2003-Chapter-08-EN.pdf|chapter=Making the Difference?: Weapon Collection and Small Arms Availability in the Republic of Congo|title=Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|author=[[Small Arms Survey]]|pages=263|isbn=0199251754|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2003}}}}</ref> * {{flag|Costa Rica}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Djibouti}}<ref>[http://www.navy.mil/view_single.asp?id=42208 Navy.mil – View Image<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{Better source|reason=It doesn't mention it explicitly.|date=January 2018}}</ref> * {{flag|Dominican Republic}}{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} In use by the Presidential Guard and the Anti-Terrorist Command Unit. * {{flag|El Salvador}}<ref name="Haapiseva-Hunter2">{{cite book| last = Haapiseva-Hunter| first = Jane| title = Israeli foreign policy: South Africa and Central America| url = https://archive.org/details/pdfy-SHJFNtzFTutJVd8R/page/115| publisher = [[South End Press]]| year = 1999| page = [https://archive.org/details/pdfy-SHJFNtzFTutJVd8R/page/115 115]| isbn = 978-0-89608-285-4}}</ref> * {{flag|Estonia}}: Uses 5.56mm versions of the Galil AR, SAR, ARM and the 7.62mm Galil Sniper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mil.ee/?menu=tehnika1&sisu=galilar|title=Uudised – Kaitsevägi|work=mil.ee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mil.ee/?menu=tehnika1&sisu=galilsar|title=Uudised – Kaitsevägi|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mil.ee/?menu=tehnika1&sisu=galilarm|title=Uudised – Kaitsevägi|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mil.ee/?menu=tehnika1&sisu=galilsnaiper|title=Uudised – Kaitsevägi|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<ref name = 'Israel Africa'/> * {{flag|Fiji}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/region/cp/fiji|title=Guns in Fiji|author=Philip Alpers|work=gunpolicy.org}}</ref><ref name=Capie>{{cite book|last=Capie|first=David|title=Under the Gun: The Small Arms Challenge in the Pacific|date=2004|pages=63–65|publisher=Victoria University Press|location=Wellington|isbn=978-0-86473-453-2 }}</ref> * {{flag|Georgia}}: Uses GALATZ sniper and Micro-Galil assault rifles <ref>{{cite web|url=http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |title=Armament of the Georgian Army |access-date=25 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309192408/http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |archive-date=9 March 2012 }}</ref> * {{flag|Guatemala}}: 15,000 Galils<ref name="Haapiseva-Hunter">{{cite book | last = Haapiseva-Hunter| first = Jane| title =Israeli foreign policy: South Africa and Central America | publisher = [[South End Press]]| year = 1999| page =113 | isbn = 978-0-89608-285-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_edpSrtACq0C}}</ref> * {{flag|Haiti}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Honduras}}: The Galil SAR was adopted in the late 1970s by the Honduran Army, until it was replaced by the American-made M16A1 through U.S. military aid in the 1980s. The Galil SARs were then transferred to the Honduran National Police, where they are still in use. In 2011, the Honduran government approved the purchase of the Galil ACE 21 assault rifle for use by the Army and Air Force. The Galil ACE made its first public appearance on Sept 15, 2013 in the hands of the new unit PMOP (Military Police of Public Order).{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} * {{flag|India}}:<ref name="jones2009" /> 200 Galil Snipers bought in 2002.<ref name ='SAS 2003 112'>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2003.html|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2003/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2003-Chapter-03-EN.pdf|chapter=Red Flags and Buicks: Global Firearms Stockpiles|title=Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|author=[[Small Arms Survey]]|page=112}}</ref> Currently standard issue sniper rifle for [[Special Forces of India|Special Forces]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} * {{flag|Indonesia}}: ''[[Kopaska|Komando Pasukan Katak]]'' (Kopaska) tactical diver group and ''[[Kopassus|Komando Pasukan Khusus]]'' (Kopassus) special forces group.<ref name="idnvojnik">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213152603/http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-12-13 |title=Kopassus & Kopaska – Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije |language=hr |publisher=Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine |access-date=2010-06-12 }}</ref> * {{flag|Israel}}: [[Israel police]] ''Mišteret Yisra'el''. [[File:Israel police officers.jpg|thumb|Israeli police officers armed with 5.56mm Galil MAR]] * {{flag|Italy}}: As of 2009, the Bernardelli Mod.377 VB-STD and the Bernardelli Mod.378 VB-SR are in the inventories of the [[Polizia di Stato|Italian National Police]], and are known to be deployed with the [[Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza|NOCS team]].<ref>[http://www.siulproma.com/pdf/circolari/2009/Circ._Armi_in_uso_alla_Polizia_di_Stato.pdf Italian Ministry of Interior – Decree n° 559/A/1/ORG/DIP.GP/14 of March 6, 2009, concerning weapons and equipment in use with the Italian National Police – in Italian] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716075641/http://www.siulproma.com/pdf/circolari/2009/Circ._Armi_in_uso_alla_Polizia_di_Stato.pdf |date=July 16, 2011 }} Retrieved on August 25, 2010.</ref> * {{flag|Kenya}}: Galil Sniper rifle<ref name = 'Israel Africa'/><ref name="NMAA"/> * {{flag|Lesotho}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Mexico}}: ''[[Secretariat of Public Security (Mexico)|Secretaría de Seguridad Pública]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sipse.com/noticias/7645-nuevo-armamento-para-cancun.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008210824/http://www.sipse.com/noticias/7645-nuevo-armamento-para-cancun.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2011|title=Nuevo armamento para SSP de Cancún|author=Grupo SIPSE|work=sipse.com|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Mongolia}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shuud.mn/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/352.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207144525/http://www.shuud.mn/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/352.jpg |archive-date=2013-12-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECB_XX4NEzM|title=084th division. Mongolian special task battalion|work=YouTube|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Montenegro}}: The Galil sniper used by the Montenegrin Special Police Unit.<ref>https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Posebna-jedinica-policije-Crne-Gore-PJP-English.html#sthash.ieh1ni3i.dpbs</ref> * {{flag|Myanmar}}: Made with assistance from Israeli weapon specialists as the MA series.<ref name="BSA"/> * {{flag|Nepal}}: 2,000 Galils,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Legacies of War in the Company of Peace: Firearms in Nepal|journal=Nepal Issue Brief |issue=2 |date= May 2013|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/G-Issue-briefs/NAVA-IB2-Legacies-of-War.pdf|page=5|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]}}</ref> used by Special forces and Ranger battalion.<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Nicaragua}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Panama}}{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} * {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}: Galil sniper variant.<ref name=Alpers>{{cite book|last=Alpers|first=Philip|editor1-last=Karp|editor1-first=Aaron|title=The Politics of Destroying Surplus Small Arms: Inconspicuous Disarmament|date=2010|pages=168–169|publisher=Routledge Books|location=Abingdon-on-Thames|isbn=978-0-415-49461-8}}</ref> * {{flag|Paraguay}}: Indumil-made Galils for the Fuerzas de Operaciones de Policias Especiales, SENAD (Drug Enforcement), and main rifle of the Paraguayan Police.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=3986|title=Galile dla Paragwaju – Altair Agencja Lotnicza|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Peru}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Philippines}}<ref name="jones2009" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bits.de/public/articles/kw_nl/kleinwaffen-nl04-08eng.htm|title=Rice Not Guns – German Arms in the Philippines|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Portugal}}: 5.56mm AR and ARM versions was used by the [[Portuguese Army]] airborne infantry.<ref>{{cite book | last = Walter| first = John| title = Rifles of the World| publisher = Krause| year = 2006| page =616 | isbn = 978-0-89689-241-5 }}</ref> Replaced by [[FN SCAR]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/86993/fn-herstal-secures-significant-deal-in-portugal}}</ref> * {{flag|Rwanda}}<ref name="jones2009" /> *{{flag|Sierra Leone}}: 112+ Galil AR acquired by the [[Sierra Leone Police]]<ref>{{cite web|title=World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124203938/https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_af_sierraleone|archive-date=24 November 2016|url=https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_af_sierraleone|date=2013}}{{self-published source|date=January 2019}}</ref> * {{flag|Senegal}}: Galil sniper used by special forces<ref name="NMAA"/> * {{flag|South Africa}}: Standard assault rifle of the [[South African National Defence Force]]. Produced under license in a modified form as the [[R4 assault rifle|R4]] by [[Denel Land Systems]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mil.za/equipment/weaponsystems/infantry/R4_R5%20Assault_Rifles.htm|title=home|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117150623/http://www.army.mil.za/equipment/weaponsystems/infantry/R4_R5%20Assault_Rifles.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flag|Swaziland}}<ref name="jones2009" /> * {{flag|Syrian National Coalition}}<ref name="Syrian opposition">{{cite web |title=Syrian War Trophies of the Russian Armed Forces |url=https://silahreport.com/2019/09/13/syrian-war-trophies-of-russian-armed-forces/ |website=Silah Report |access-date=23 April 2020 |date=12 September 2019}}</ref> * {{flag|Tanzania}}: Galil MAR version seen in use by Tanzanian special forces in the Congo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45535|title=United Nations News Centre|date=30 July 2013|work=UN News Service Section|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Thailand}}: Used in small numbers in Department of Corrections<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chaoprayanews.com/blog/yotin/2014/07/29/imi-galil-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94-5-56-mm-%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3/|title=IMI GALIL ขนาด 5.56 mm ปืนเล็กกลจากอิสราเอลที่ใช้ในราชการกรมราชทัณฑ์ และ ขนาด 7.62 mm ปืนซุ่มยิงของกองทัพบก|work=chaoprayanews.com|access-date=2015-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725081229/http://chaoprayanews.com/blog/yotin/2014/07/29/imi-galil-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94-5-56-mm-%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3|archive-date=2017-07-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}.<ref name="jones2009" /> The [[Trinidad and Tobago Regiment]] uses this weapon as its standard issue. Also used in conjunction with the [[FN FAL]] and [[M16 rifle|M16]]. [[Galil ACE]] also used but in limited numbers. Will be replaced by the [[Heckler & Koch G36]] in the near future. * {{TUR}}: Galil MAR used by [[Gendarmerie General Command|Turkish Gendarmarie]] commandos<ref>https://imgur.com/bUtdQRz</ref><ref>https://imgur.com/OX04Mq0</ref> and Galatz variant used by [[Police Special Operation Department]].<ref>https://imgur.com/ejdLG14</ref> * {{flag|Uganda}}: Used by the ''Chieftaincy of Military Intelligence'' (CMI), and by the ''Presidential Guard Brigade'' (PGB), a division of the ''Special Forces Command'' (SFC), all within the [[Uganda People's Defence Force]] (UPDF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/CMI-officers-arrested-over-Shs500m-robbery/-/688334/2711392/-/fwubrt/-/index.html|title=CMI Officers Arrested Over Shs500 Million Robbery|access-date=10 May 2015|date=10 May 2015|first=Frederic|last=Musisi|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] (Kampala)|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235550/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/CMI-officers-arrested-over-Shs500m-robbery/-/688334/2711392/-/fwubrt/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flag|Ukraine}}: Sniper variant is used by the "Omega" special forces group. (Produced under license as the Fort-301)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UBcVIFLzhU|title=Спецпідрозділ "ОМЕГА"|work=YouTube|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|United States|size=23px}}: [[Ventura County Sheriff's Department]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/04/12/aks-among-u-s-police-departments/|title=AKs among U.S. Police Departments|date=April 16, 2016|access-date=June 1, 2018}}</ref> [[Rajneeshpuram]] Peace Force.<ref>{{cite AV media | date = November 19, 2012 | title = Rajneeshpuram | medium = Television | language = en | url = https://www.opb.org/television/programs/oregonexperience/segment/rajneeshpuram/ | access-date = June 1, 2018 | publisher = Oregon Public Broadcasting }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/rajneesh/index.ssf/1985/07/rajneeshees_establish_security.html|title=Rajneeshees establish security forces, large armory (part 10 of 20)|date=July 12, 1985|access-date=June 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Bhagwan: The God That Failed|page=228|author=Hugh Milne|year=1987|isbn=0312001061|publisher=St Martin's Press}}</ref> * {{flag|Vietnam}}: Uses Galil AR and Galil Sniper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201304/Bo-doi-Hai-quan-Viet-Nam-huan-luyen-2344875/?p=5|title=Bộ đội Hải quân Việt Nam luyện cùng vũ khí mới|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019014043/http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201304/Bo-doi-Hai-quan-Viet-Nam-huan-luyen-2344875/?p=5|archive-date=19 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/israeli_iwi_gali_ace_31_ace_32_assault_rifles_to_replace_russian_ak-47_in_vietnamese_army_0202146.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223003129/http://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/israeli_iwi_gali_ace_31_ace_32_assault_rifles_to_replace_russian_ak-47_in_vietnamese_army_0202146.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 February 2014|title=Israeli IWI Galil ACE 31 ACE 32 assault rifles to replace Russian AK-47 in Vietnamese Army 0202146 – Army Recognition|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> ==See also== {{Portal|Assault Rifles }} * [[RK 62]] – The Finnish weapon upon which the Galil is partly based. * [[IWI ACE]] – lightened and updated version of the IMI Galil by the parent company (renamed from IMI) * [[R4 assault rifle]] – South African licensed version * [[Vektor CR-21]] – A South African bullpup rifle based on the R4/Galil * [[Zastava M21]] – A Serbian 5.56mm caliber rifle based upon the Kalashnikov action. ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book |last=Kokalis |first=Peter |year=2001 |title=Weapons Tests and Evaluations: The Best of Soldier of Fortune |publisher=Paladin Press |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=1-58160-122-0 }} * {{cite book |last1=Roodhorst |first1=Cor |date= 2015|title= The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia: Recognition and Weapon Forensic Guide for Kalashnikov Arms and Derivatives I: Albania-Israel |location=Netherlands |publisher=Roodhorst Publications |isbn=978-90-9027549-9 }} * {{cite book |last1=Roodhorst |first1=Cor |date= 2015|title= The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia: Recognition and Weapon Forensic Guide for Kalashnikov Arms and Derivatives II: Italy-Russia |location=Netherlands |publisher=Roodhorst Publications |isbn=978-90-9027549-9 }} * {{cite book |last1=Roodhorst |first1=Cor |date= 2015|title= The Kalashnikov Encyclopedia: Recognition and Weapon Forensic Guide for Kalashnikov Arms and Derivatives III: Serbia-Vietnam |location=Netherlands |publisher=Roodhorst Publications |isbn=978-90-9027549-9 }} ==External links== {{Commons category|IMI Galil}} {{external media |align = right |video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpOIccUhitU Galil Golani 5.56×45mm Rifle] |video2 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfPNUy0Ac3c Video of an IMI Galil being fired] |video3 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tD5Y-C8Tlmw Video of Galil ARM bottle opener] }} * [https://archive.today/20130222072033/http://www.theakforum.net/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=5 The AK Forum Galil & Valmet Discussions] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160818063701/http://www.israel-weapon.com/?catid=%7B813E02F8-D6E3-48B1-A0D4-171BBDD46E28%7D Israel Weapon Industries – manufacturer's page] * [[iarchive:firearms-imi-galil-assault-rifle/mode/2up|Operator's Manual]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081206031156/http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/small_arms/galil/Galil.html Israeli-Weapons.com] * [http://www.nazarian.no/images/wep/700_465_galilopsman.pdf Galil 5.56 mm AR/ARM/SAR manual] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050308190315/http://www.sturmgewehr.com/bhinton/Galil/ Buddy Hinton collection] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070526100849/http://users.rcn.com/philistine/galil/Galil_Rifles.html#Galil Galil rifle information] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021205114438/http://www.remtek.com/arms/imi/galil/galil.htm REMTEK] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101227195952/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_7_53/ai_n27260169/ Golani Sporter, Guns Magazine July 2007] {{Clear}} {{IMI IWI smallarms}} {{AK47 derivatives}} [[Category:5.56 mm assault rifles]] [[Category:7.62×51mm NATO firearms]] [[Category:Rifles of Israel]] [[Category:Light machine guns]] [[Category:Kalashnikov derivatives]] [[Category:Designated marksman rifles]]'