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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name = CL-415
| image = File:I-DPCN at work 03 (cropped).jpg
| caption =
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type = Amphibious water bomber
| manufacturer = [[Canadair]]<br />[[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier Aerospace]]
| first flight = December 6, 1993
| introduced = 1994
| retired =
| status = Active service
| primary user = [[Vigili del Fuoco]] (Italy) <!-- List only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add flag templates, as they limit horizontal space. -->
| more users = [[Sécurité Civile]] (France)<br /> [[Hellenic Air Force]]croatia use it (Greece)<br />[[Government of Quebec]], [[Ministry of Government Services (Quebec)#Service aérien gouvernemental|Service aérien gouvernemental]] (Quebec, Canada)
<!-- Limited to THREE (3) "more users" here (4 total users). Separate users with <br />. -->| produced = 1993–2015
| number built = 95<ref name="bombardier.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/amphibious-aircraft/status-report.html|title=Amphibious aircraft – Status report – Bombardier|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108072536/http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/amphibious-aircraft/status-report.html|archivedate=2013-11-08}}</ref>
| unit cost = $37 million [[Canadian dollar|CAD]]<ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace20140326bombardierannouncesorderforamphibiou.html Bombardier CL 415 cost] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328000306/http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace20140326bombardierannouncesorderforamphibiou.html |date=March 28, 2014 }}</ref>
| developed from = [[Canadair CL-215]]
| variants with their own articles = [[Viking Air CL-515]]}}
|}
The '''Canadair CL-415''' ('''Superscooper''', later '''Bombardier 415''') is an [[amphibious aircraft]] based on the [[Canadair CL-215]] and designed specifically for [[aerial firefighting]], built by [[Canadair]] then [[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier]].
==Development==
In 1987, following market trends towards more efficient, powerful and reliable [[turboprop]] powerplants, Canadair undertook the task of retrofitting 17 CL-215 airframes with the [[Pratt & Whitney Canada]] [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100|PW123AF]] engines, providing a 15% power increase over the original [[Reciprocating engine|piston engines]], as well as enhanced reliability and safety. The retrofitted aircraft were designated CL-215T and also featured many [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] and systems improvements including powered flight controls, [[cockpit]] air conditioning, as well as upgraded electrical and avionics systems. The most notable external features of the CL-215T retrofit were the aerodynamic additions to the [[wing]]s and [[empennage]].
Based on the success of the CL-215, the company introduced the CL-415, a new-build production series beginning in 1993.
The CL-415 first flew on December 6, 1993, with the first deliveries in November [[1994 in aviation|1994]].<ref>[http://www.aerospace.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/products/amphibious-aircraft/bombardier--415?docID=0901260d80008fff# "Bombardier 415."] ''aerospace.bombardier.com''. Retrieved: April 13, 2010.</ref> Orders from several countries soon followed.
The CL-415 was assembled at the Bombardier Aerospace facility near [[North Bay/Jack Garland Airport]] in [[North Bay, Ontario]], and tested on [[Lake Nipissing]].
On June 20, 2016, [[Viking Air]] purchased the CL-415 [[type certificate]] from [[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier]] along with the older CL-215 and CL-215T.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/viking-air-to-buy-type-certificates-for-bombardier-426528/ |title= Viking Air to buy type certificates for Bombardier amphibians |publisher= Flight International |date= June 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.bombardier.com/en/media/newsList/details.bca-201600620-bombardier-announces-a-definitive-agreement-for-th.bombardiercom.html |title= Bombardier Announces a Definitive Agreement for the Sale of its Amphibious Aircraft Program to Viking Air Limited |date= June 20, 2016 |publisher= Bombardier}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.vikingair.com/viking-news/media-centre/viking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier |title= Viking Air Limited Acquires Worldwide CL-415 Waterbomber Program from Bombardier |publisher= Viking Air |date= June 20, 2016 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160623125024/http://www.vikingair.com/viking-news/media-centre/viking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier |archivedate= June 23, 2016 }}</ref> The acquisition was finalised on 3 October.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/viking-completes-acquisition-of-bombardiers-amphibi-430038/ |title= Viking completes acquisition of Bombardier's amphibious aircraft programme |date= 3 October 2016 |work= Flight Global}}</ref>
In December 2018, a full-flight CL-415 simulator, capable of simulating water scoop and bombing operations, received [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (EASA) certification. Until now, training has typically involved live flying of the aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |title=TRU Simulation provides CL-415 FFS training |url=https://www.civilaviation.training/pilot/tru-simulation-cl-145-ffs/ |work=Civil Aviation Training |date=12 March 2019}}</ref>
==Design==
[[File:Splash-In_Pollensa_DSC08915_(17386148934).jpg|thumb|A [[Spanish Air Force]] CL-415, showing its 4 underbelly doors opened.]]
[[File:Bombardier-415 (cropped).JPG|thumb|Italian [[Vigili del Fuoco]] refilling near [[Alghero]], spilling excess water through underwing overflow ports]]
The CL-415 has an updated cockpit, aerodynamics enhancements and changes to the water-release system as well, creating a modern [[firefighting]] amphibious [[flying boat]] for use in detecting and suppressing [[Wildfire|forest fires]]. Compared to the CL-215, the CL-415 has increased operating weight and speed, yielding improved productivity and performance. The 415 can scoop up to {{convert|6,140|l|abbr=on}} of water from a nearby water source, mix it with a chemical foam if desired, and drop it on a fire without having to return to base to refill its tanks. The CL-415 was specifically developed to provide the capability to deliver large quantities of suppressant in quick response to fires. The aircraft is built for reliability and longevity, with use of corrosion-resistant materials. The new 415GR has higher operating weights, while the CL-415 multi-role is available for use in a paramilitary [[search and rescue]] role and utility transport.
The aircraft requires {{convert|1340|m|abbr=on}} of flyable length to descend from {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} altitude, scoop {{convert|6,137|l|abbr=on}} of water during a twelve-second {{convert|410|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} run on the water at {{convert|70|kn|lk=in}}, then climb back to {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} altitude. The aircraft can also pick up partial loads in smaller areas and can turn while scooping, if necessary.<ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/products/amphibious-aircraft/firefighting-techniques-and-technologies?docID=0901260d80009039 "Firefighting Techniques and Technologies: Water scooping."] ''bombardier.com''. Retrieved: April 13, 2010.</ref>
==Operational history==
[[File:World operators of the Bombardier 415.png|thumb|World operators of the CL-415]]
Derived from its predecessor's nickname, it acquired the name, "Super Scooper" in light of its greatly enhanced performance as a water bomber and fire suppresser. In recognition of its abilities, the aircraft was awarded the ''Batefuegos de oro'' (gold fire extinguisher) by the ''Asociacion para la Promocion de Actividades Socioculturales''. The award citation in part read "This is the most efficient tool for the aerial combat of forest fires, key to the organization of firefighting in a large number of countries. The continuous improvements to meet the needs of forest firefighting have made these aircraft the aerial means most in demand over more than 30 years."<ref>[http://newatlas.com/go/6930/ "Bombardier 415 SuperScooper Amphibious Aircraft."] ''Newatlas.com''. Retrieved: June 11, 2017.</ref>
Of the 95 built, seven have been removed from service due to accidents.<ref>[http://www.baaa-acro.com/Types%20d'avions/Canadair%20CL-415.htm "Canadair CL-415."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205033708/http://www.baaa-acro.com/Types%20d%27avions/Canadair%20CL-415.htm |date=December 5, 2007 }} ''baaa-acro.com.'' Retrieved: July 29, 2011.</ref>
==Variants==
;CL-415: The original model, 86 built.
;CL-415MP: Maritime patrol version, 3 built.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/aircraft/cl-415mp|title=CL-415 MP Aircraft {{!}} Viking's Aerial Firefighter|website=aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>
;CL-415GR: Improved version for the [[Hellenic Air Force]], 6 built.
;CL-415EAF: Enhanced Aerial Firefighter<ref>https://www.lvas.ca/cl-415eaf-enhanced-aerial-firefighter</ref>
== Operators ==
[[File:Canadair CL-415 Filling.jpg|thumb|Croatian airforce CL-415 right before refilling in [[Živogošće]]]]
[[File:Greek-Carmel Fire04-12-2010-1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Two [[Hellenic Air Force]] CL-415 refilling off the coast of [[Atlit]] to fight the [[2010 Mount Carmel forest fire]]]]
[[File:Pélican 32 Gérard JOYON PROT CANADAIR 2006.jpg|thumb|French [[Sécurité Civile]] CL-415 dropping water]]
In 2016/2019, there were 164 in-service [[CL-215]] and CL-415s in 11 countries.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-10-12/viking-air-preps-fire-season-updates-water-scooper-line |title= Viking Air Preps for Fire Season, Updates Water Scooper Line |author= Amy Laboda |date= October 12, 2018 |work= AIN online}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ CL-215(T)/415 in service as of mid-2016
! Country
! Fleet<ref>{{cite web |url= https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/firefighting/service-aircraft |title= In Service Aircraft |publisher= Viking}}</ref>
! Operators
|-
| Canada || 64 || 2019 figures, all others 2016. [[Air Spray]], [[Buffalo Airways]], [[Conair Group]], [[Government of Newfoundland and Labrador]], [[Ministry of Government Services (Quebec)#Service aérien gouvernemental|Service aérien gouvernemental]] (Quebec), Longview Aviation Asset Management Corp., Longview Aviation Services Inc., [[Manitoba|Province of Manitoba]], [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry|Ministry of Natural Resources]] (Ontario), [[Ministry of Environment (Saskatchewan)|Ministry of Environment]] (Saskatchewan)
|-
| Croatia || 6 || [[Croatian Air Force]], 885th Firefighting Squadron
|-
| France || 12 || [[Sécurité Civile]]
|-
| Greece || 18 || [[Hellenic Air Force]]
|-
| Italy || 19 || [[Protezione Civile]]
|-
| South Korea || 1 ||
|-
| Malaysia || 2 || [[Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency]] (firefighting)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/16/mmea-uses-198000-litres-of-water-to-fight-forest-fire-in-miri/1781472|title=MMEA uses 198,000 litres of water to fight forest fire in Miri|work=Bernama|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=16 August 2019|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Morocco || 5 ||
|-
| Spain || 21 || [[Spanish Air Force]], [[Military Emergencies Unit|Unidad Militar de Emergencias]]
|-
| Turkey || 9 ||
|-
| United States || 4 || [[Los Angeles County Fire Department|Los Angeles County FD]], [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]], [[United States Forest Service]]
|-
| Undisclosed || 3 ||
|-
! Total !! 164 !!
|}
==Specifications (CL-415)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Viking<ref>{{cite web |url= https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/firefighting/specifications |title= Firefighting > Specifications |publisher= Viking}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
|crew=2
|capacity= {{convert|6,137|l|abbr=on}} (waterbombing), up to 18 paratroops, up to {{convert|2903|kg|abbr=on}} of cargo
|length m=20.4
|span ft=93.11
|height ft=29.55
|wing area sqft=1080
|aspect ratio={{#expr:93.11/(1080/93.11)round2}}
|empty weight lb=30,000
|gross weight lb=47,000
|gross weight note=Maximum After-scooping Weight
|max takeoff weight lb=43,850
|max takeoff weight note= Firefighting, Land
|fuel capacity={{convert|4,650|kg|abbr=on}}
|more general=
* '''Cabin volume:''' {{convert|35.6|m3|abbr=on}}
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100|Pratt & Whitney Canada PW123AF]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]]
|eng1 kw=1,775
|eng1 note=ISA+20ºC Flat rated
|prop blade number=4
|prop name=Hamilton Sunstrand 14SF-19
|prop dia m=3.97
|prop dia note= Fully reversible, feathering blades
|max speed kmh=359
|max speed note=Max Cruise
|cruise speed kmh=333
|cruise speed note=Normal Cruise
|stall speed kmh=126
|stall speed note= MLW, Landing Configuration
|ferry range km=2427
|ferry range note= {{convert|278|km/h|kn|abbr=on}} Long Range Cruise
|endurance= 3 hours at {{cvt|200|nmi|km|lk=in}} from base
|g limits=+3.25 g to -1.0 g
|climb rate ftmin=1,170
|climb rate note=(ISA, MTOW)
|wing loading lb/sqft={{#expr:47000/1080round2}}
|wing loading note=Maximum After-scooping
|more performance=
* '''Takeoff (ISA):''' {{convert|783|m|abbr=on}} (land), {{convert|814|m|abbr=on}} (water)
* '''Landing (ISA):''' {{convert|674|m|abbr=on}} (land), {{convert|665|m|abbr=on}} (water)
|avionics=
* [[Honeywell]] {{abbr|EFIS|Electronic Flight Instrumentation System}}, Primus II Nav/Comm Radio System, VOR, ILS, MKR, ADF, DME, AA-300 Radio Altimeter
* [[Parker Hannifin|Parker Gull]] {{abbr|IIDS|Integrated Instruments Display System}}
* [[Litton Industries|Litef]] {{abbr|AHRS|Attitude & Heading Reference System}}
* [[Collins Aerospace|Collins]] HF-230 HF Communications System
* [[Cobham plc|Global Wulfsberg]] RT-5000 VHF/FM
* [[EDO Corporation|Dorne & Margolin]] ELT
* CIC / [[Aerosonic Corporation|Aerosonic]] Air Data Computing System
}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation|Canada}}
{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[Canadair CL-215]]
* [[Viking Air CL-515]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Beriev Be-12]]
* [[Beriev Be-200]]
* [[Harbin SH-5|Harbin PS-5]]
* [[ShinMaywa US-2]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Pickler, Ron and [[Larry Milberry]]. ''Canadair: The First 50 Years.'' Toronto: CANAV Books, 1995. {{ISBN|0-921022-07-7}}.
* Keijsper, Gerard. "Water-Bombers Required!" ''[[Air Forces Monthly]]'', London: Key Publishing, July 2008 Issue.
* Marsaly, Frederic and Samuel Pretat. [http://www.editions-minimonde76.com/en/ "Bombardiers d'eau/ Canadair Scoopers."] ''Editions Minimonde76,'' May 2012, {{ISBN|978-2-95418-180-6}}.
{{Refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Canadair CL-415}}
* [http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=119 Airliners.net The Canadair CL-215 & 415]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060628053419/http://www.superscooper.com/ Bombardier's homepage of the SuperScooper]
{{Bombardier aircraft}}
{{Canadair aircraft}}
{{Aircraft manufactured in Canada}}
[[Category:Bombardier Aerospace aircraft|415]]
[[Category:1990s Canadian special-purpose aircraft]]
[[Category:Flying boats]]
[[Category:Amphibious aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aerial firefighting aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1993]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'Croatia use it
==Development==
In 1987, following market trends towards more efficient, powerful and reliable [[turboprop]] powerplants, Canadair undertook the task of retrofitting 17 CL-215 airframes with the [[Pratt & Whitney Canada]] [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100|PW123AF]] engines, providing a 15% power increase over the original [[Reciprocating engine|piston engines]], as well as enhanced reliability and safety. The retrofitted aircraft were designated CL-215T and also featured many [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] and systems improvements including powered flight controls, [[cockpit]] air conditioning, as well as upgraded electrical and avionics systems. The most notable external features of the CL-215T retrofit were the aerodynamic additions to the [[wing]]s and [[empennage]].
Based on the success of the CL-215, the company introduced the CL-415, a new-build production series beginning in 1993.
The CL-415 first flew on December 6, 1993, with the first deliveries in November [[1994 in aviation|1994]].<ref>[http://www.aerospace.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/products/amphibious-aircraft/bombardier--415?docID=0901260d80008fff# "Bombardier 415."] ''aerospace.bombardier.com''. Retrieved: April 13, 2010.</ref> Orders from several countries soon followed.
The CL-415 was assembled at the Bombardier Aerospace facility near [[North Bay/Jack Garland Airport]] in [[North Bay, Ontario]], and tested on [[Lake Nipissing]].
On June 20, 2016, [[Viking Air]] purchased the CL-415 [[type certificate]] from [[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier]] along with the older CL-215 and CL-215T.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/viking-air-to-buy-type-certificates-for-bombardier-426528/ |title= Viking Air to buy type certificates for Bombardier amphibians |publisher= Flight International |date= June 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.bombardier.com/en/media/newsList/details.bca-201600620-bombardier-announces-a-definitive-agreement-for-th.bombardiercom.html |title= Bombardier Announces a Definitive Agreement for the Sale of its Amphibious Aircraft Program to Viking Air Limited |date= June 20, 2016 |publisher= Bombardier}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.vikingair.com/viking-news/media-centre/viking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier |title= Viking Air Limited Acquires Worldwide CL-415 Waterbomber Program from Bombardier |publisher= Viking Air |date= June 20, 2016 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160623125024/http://www.vikingair.com/viking-news/media-centre/viking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier |archivedate= June 23, 2016 }}</ref> The acquisition was finalised on 3 October.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/viking-completes-acquisition-of-bombardiers-amphibi-430038/ |title= Viking completes acquisition of Bombardier's amphibious aircraft programme |date= 3 October 2016 |work= Flight Global}}</ref>
In December 2018, a full-flight CL-415 simulator, capable of simulating water scoop and bombing operations, received [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (EASA) certification. Until now, training has typically involved live flying of the aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |title=TRU Simulation provides CL-415 FFS training |url=https://www.civilaviation.training/pilot/tru-simulation-cl-145-ffs/ |work=Civil Aviation Training |date=12 March 2019}}</ref>
==Design==
[[File:Splash-In_Pollensa_DSC08915_(17386148934).jpg|thumb|A [[Spanish Air Force]] CL-415, showing its 4 underbelly doors opened.]]
[[File:Bombardier-415 (cropped).JPG|thumb|Italian [[Vigili del Fuoco]] refilling near [[Alghero]], spilling excess water through underwing overflow ports]]
The CL-415 has an updated cockpit, aerodynamics enhancements and changes to the water-release system as well, creating a modern [[firefighting]] amphibious [[flying boat]] for use in detecting and suppressing [[Wildfire|forest fires]]. Compared to the CL-215, the CL-415 has increased operating weight and speed, yielding improved productivity and performance. The 415 can scoop up to {{convert|6,140|l|abbr=on}} of water from a nearby water source, mix it with a chemical foam if desired, and drop it on a fire without having to return to base to refill its tanks. The CL-415 was specifically developed to provide the capability to deliver large quantities of suppressant in quick response to fires. The aircraft is built for reliability and longevity, with use of corrosion-resistant materials. The new 415GR has higher operating weights, while the CL-415 multi-role is available for use in a paramilitary [[search and rescue]] role and utility transport.
The aircraft requires {{convert|1340|m|abbr=on}} of flyable length to descend from {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} altitude, scoop {{convert|6,137|l|abbr=on}} of water during a twelve-second {{convert|410|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} run on the water at {{convert|70|kn|lk=in}}, then climb back to {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} altitude. The aircraft can also pick up partial loads in smaller areas and can turn while scooping, if necessary.<ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/products/amphibious-aircraft/firefighting-techniques-and-technologies?docID=0901260d80009039 "Firefighting Techniques and Technologies: Water scooping."] ''bombardier.com''. Retrieved: April 13, 2010.</ref>
==Operational history==
[[File:World operators of the Bombardier 415.png|thumb|World operators of the CL-415]]
Derived from its predecessor's nickname, it acquired the name, "Super Scooper" in light of its greatly enhanced performance as a water bomber and fire suppresser. In recognition of its abilities, the aircraft was awarded the ''Batefuegos de oro'' (gold fire extinguisher) by the ''Asociacion para la Promocion de Actividades Socioculturales''. The award citation in part read "This is the most efficient tool for the aerial combat of forest fires, key to the organization of firefighting in a large number of countries. The continuous improvements to meet the needs of forest firefighting have made these aircraft the aerial means most in demand over more than 30 years."<ref>[http://newatlas.com/go/6930/ "Bombardier 415 SuperScooper Amphibious Aircraft."] ''Newatlas.com''. Retrieved: June 11, 2017.</ref>
Of the 95 built, seven have been removed from service due to accidents.<ref>[http://www.baaa-acro.com/Types%20d'avions/Canadair%20CL-415.htm "Canadair CL-415."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205033708/http://www.baaa-acro.com/Types%20d%27avions/Canadair%20CL-415.htm |date=December 5, 2007 }} ''baaa-acro.com.'' Retrieved: July 29, 2011.</ref>
==Variants==
;CL-415: The original model, 86 built.
;CL-415MP: Maritime patrol version, 3 built.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/aircraft/cl-415mp|title=CL-415 MP Aircraft {{!}} Viking's Aerial Firefighter|website=aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>
;CL-415GR: Improved version for the [[Hellenic Air Force]], 6 built.
;CL-415EAF: Enhanced Aerial Firefighter<ref>https://www.lvas.ca/cl-415eaf-enhanced-aerial-firefighter</ref>
== Operators ==
[[File:Canadair CL-415 Filling.jpg|thumb|Croatian airforce CL-415 right before refilling in [[Živogošće]]]]
[[File:Greek-Carmel Fire04-12-2010-1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Two [[Hellenic Air Force]] CL-415 refilling off the coast of [[Atlit]] to fight the [[2010 Mount Carmel forest fire]]]]
[[File:Pélican 32 Gérard JOYON PROT CANADAIR 2006.jpg|thumb|French [[Sécurité Civile]] CL-415 dropping water]]
In 2016/2019, there were 164 in-service [[CL-215]] and CL-415s in 11 countries.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-10-12/viking-air-preps-fire-season-updates-water-scooper-line |title= Viking Air Preps for Fire Season, Updates Water Scooper Line |author= Amy Laboda |date= October 12, 2018 |work= AIN online}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ CL-215(T)/415 in service as of mid-2016
! Country
! Fleet<ref>{{cite web |url= https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/firefighting/service-aircraft |title= In Service Aircraft |publisher= Viking}}</ref>
! Operators
|-
| Canada || 64 || 2019 figures, all others 2016. [[Air Spray]], [[Buffalo Airways]], [[Conair Group]], [[Government of Newfoundland and Labrador]], [[Ministry of Government Services (Quebec)#Service aérien gouvernemental|Service aérien gouvernemental]] (Quebec), Longview Aviation Asset Management Corp., Longview Aviation Services Inc., [[Manitoba|Province of Manitoba]], [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry|Ministry of Natural Resources]] (Ontario), [[Ministry of Environment (Saskatchewan)|Ministry of Environment]] (Saskatchewan)
|-
| Croatia || 6 || [[Croatian Air Force]], 885th Firefighting Squadron
|-
| France || 12 || [[Sécurité Civile]]
|-
| Greece || 18 || [[Hellenic Air Force]]
|-
| Italy || 19 || [[Protezione Civile]]
|-
| South Korea || 1 ||
|-
| Malaysia || 2 || [[Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency]] (firefighting)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/16/mmea-uses-198000-litres-of-water-to-fight-forest-fire-in-miri/1781472|title=MMEA uses 198,000 litres of water to fight forest fire in Miri|work=Bernama|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=16 August 2019|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Morocco || 5 ||
|-
| Spain || 21 || [[Spanish Air Force]], [[Military Emergencies Unit|Unidad Militar de Emergencias]]
|-
| Turkey || 9 ||
|-
| United States || 4 || [[Los Angeles County Fire Department|Los Angeles County FD]], [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]], [[United States Forest Service]]
|-
| Undisclosed || 3 ||
|-
! Total !! 164 !!
|}
==Specifications (CL-415)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Viking<ref>{{cite web |url= https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/firefighting/specifications |title= Firefighting > Specifications |publisher= Viking}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
|crew=2
|capacity= {{convert|6,137|l|abbr=on}} (waterbombing), up to 18 paratroops, up to {{convert|2903|kg|abbr=on}} of cargo
|length m=20.4
|span ft=93.11
|height ft=29.55
|wing area sqft=1080
|aspect ratio={{#expr:93.11/(1080/93.11)round2}}
|empty weight lb=30,000
|gross weight lb=47,000
|gross weight note=Maximum After-scooping Weight
|max takeoff weight lb=43,850
|max takeoff weight note= Firefighting, Land
|fuel capacity={{convert|4,650|kg|abbr=on}}
|more general=
* '''Cabin volume:''' {{convert|35.6|m3|abbr=on}}
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100|Pratt & Whitney Canada PW123AF]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]]
|eng1 kw=1,775
|eng1 note=ISA+20ºC Flat rated
|prop blade number=4
|prop name=Hamilton Sunstrand 14SF-19
|prop dia m=3.97
|prop dia note= Fully reversible, feathering blades
|max speed kmh=359
|max speed note=Max Cruise
|cruise speed kmh=333
|cruise speed note=Normal Cruise
|stall speed kmh=126
|stall speed note= MLW, Landing Configuration
|ferry range km=2427
|ferry range note= {{convert|278|km/h|kn|abbr=on}} Long Range Cruise
|endurance= 3 hours at {{cvt|200|nmi|km|lk=in}} from base
|g limits=+3.25 g to -1.0 g
|climb rate ftmin=1,170
|climb rate note=(ISA, MTOW)
|wing loading lb/sqft={{#expr:47000/1080round2}}
|wing loading note=Maximum After-scooping
|more performance=
* '''Takeoff (ISA):''' {{convert|783|m|abbr=on}} (land), {{convert|814|m|abbr=on}} (water)
* '''Landing (ISA):''' {{convert|674|m|abbr=on}} (land), {{convert|665|m|abbr=on}} (water)
|avionics=
* [[Honeywell]] {{abbr|EFIS|Electronic Flight Instrumentation System}}, Primus II Nav/Comm Radio System, VOR, ILS, MKR, ADF, DME, AA-300 Radio Altimeter
* [[Parker Hannifin|Parker Gull]] {{abbr|IIDS|Integrated Instruments Display System}}
* [[Litton Industries|Litef]] {{abbr|AHRS|Attitude & Heading Reference System}}
* [[Collins Aerospace|Collins]] HF-230 HF Communications System
* [[Cobham plc|Global Wulfsberg]] RT-5000 VHF/FM
* [[EDO Corporation|Dorne & Margolin]] ELT
* CIC / [[Aerosonic Corporation|Aerosonic]] Air Data Computing System
}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation|Canada}}
{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[Canadair CL-215]]
* [[Viking Air CL-515]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Beriev Be-12]]
* [[Beriev Be-200]]
* [[Harbin SH-5|Harbin PS-5]]
* [[ShinMaywa US-2]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Pickler, Ron and [[Larry Milberry]]. ''Canadair: The First 50 Years.'' Toronto: CANAV Books, 1995. {{ISBN|0-921022-07-7}}.
* Keijsper, Gerard. "Water-Bombers Required!" ''[[Air Forces Monthly]]'', London: Key Publishing, July 2008 Issue.
* Marsaly, Frederic and Samuel Pretat. [http://www.editions-minimonde76.com/en/ "Bombardiers d'eau/ Canadair Scoopers."] ''Editions Minimonde76,'' May 2012, {{ISBN|978-2-95418-180-6}}.
{{Refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Canadair CL-415}}
* [http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=119 Airliners.net The Canadair CL-215 & 415]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060628053419/http://www.superscooper.com/ Bombardier's homepage of the SuperScooper]
{{Bombardier aircraft}}
{{Canadair aircraft}}
{{Aircraft manufactured in Canada}}
[[Category:Bombardier Aerospace aircraft|415]]
[[Category:1990s Canadian special-purpose aircraft]]
[[Category:Flying boats]]
[[Category:Amphibious aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aerial firefighting aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1993]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,24 +1,3 @@
-<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
-{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
-| name = CL-415
-| image = File:I-DPCN at work 03 (cropped).jpg
-| caption =
-}}{{Infobox aircraft type
-| type = Amphibious water bomber
-| manufacturer = [[Canadair]]<br />[[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier Aerospace]]
-| first flight = December 6, 1993
-| introduced = 1994
-| retired =
-| status = Active service
-| primary user = [[Vigili del Fuoco]] (Italy) <!-- List only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add flag templates, as they limit horizontal space. -->
-| more users = [[Sécurité Civile]] (France)<br /> [[Hellenic Air Force]]croatia use it (Greece)<br />[[Government of Quebec]], [[Ministry of Government Services (Quebec)#Service aérien gouvernemental|Service aérien gouvernemental]] (Quebec, Canada)
-<!-- Limited to THREE (3) "more users" here (4 total users). Separate users with <br />. -->| produced = 1993–2015
-| number built = 95<ref name="bombardier.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/amphibious-aircraft/status-report.html|title=Amphibious aircraft – Status report – Bombardier|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108072536/http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/amphibious-aircraft/status-report.html|archivedate=2013-11-08}}</ref>
-| unit cost = $37 million [[Canadian dollar|CAD]]<ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace20140326bombardierannouncesorderforamphibiou.html Bombardier CL 415 cost] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328000306/http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace20140326bombardierannouncesorderforamphibiou.html |date=March 28, 2014 }}</ref>
-| developed from = [[Canadair CL-215]]
-| variants with their own articles = [[Viking Air CL-515]]}}
-|}
-
-The '''Canadair CL-415''' ('''Superscooper''', later '''Bombardier 415''') is an [[amphibious aircraft]] based on the [[Canadair CL-215]] and designed specifically for [[aerial firefighting]], built by [[Canadair]] then [[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier]].
+Croatia use it
==Development==
' |
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2 => '| name = CL-415',
3 => '| image = File:I-DPCN at work 03 (cropped).jpg',
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8 => '| first flight = December 6, 1993',
9 => '| introduced = 1994',
10 => '| retired =',
11 => '| status = Active service',
12 => '| primary user = [[Vigili del Fuoco]] (Italy) <!-- List only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add flag templates, as they limit horizontal space. -->',
13 => '| more users = [[Sécurité Civile]] (France)<br /> [[Hellenic Air Force]]croatia use it (Greece)<br />[[Government of Quebec]], [[Ministry of Government Services (Quebec)#Service aérien gouvernemental|Service aérien gouvernemental]] (Quebec, Canada)',
14 => '<!-- Limited to THREE (3) "more users" here (4 total users). Separate users with <br />. -->| produced = 1993–2015',
15 => '| number built = 95<ref name="bombardier.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/amphibious-aircraft/status-report.html|title=Amphibious aircraft – Status report – Bombardier|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108072536/http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/amphibious-aircraft/status-report.html|archivedate=2013-11-08}}</ref>',
16 => '| unit cost = $37 million [[Canadian dollar|CAD]]<ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace20140326bombardierannouncesorderforamphibiou.html Bombardier CL 415 cost] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328000306/http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace20140326bombardierannouncesorderforamphibiou.html |date=March 28, 2014 }}</ref>',
17 => '| developed from = [[Canadair CL-215]]',
18 => '| variants with their own articles = [[Viking Air CL-515]]}}',
19 => '|}',
20 => '',
21 => 'The '''Canadair CL-415''' ('''Superscooper''', later '''Bombardier 415''') is an [[amphibious aircraft]] based on the [[Canadair CL-215]] and designed specifically for [[aerial firefighting]], built by [[Canadair]] then [[Bombardier Aviation|Bombardier]].'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>Croatia use it
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Development"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Development</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Design"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Operational_history"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Operational history</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Variants"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Variants</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Operators"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Operators</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Specifications_(CL-415)"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Specifications (CL-415)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span></h2>
<p>In 1987, following market trends towards more efficient, powerful and reliable <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> powerplants, Canadair undertook the task of retrofitting 17 CL-215 airframes with the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada">Pratt & Whitney Canada</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PW100" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100">PW123AF</a> engines, providing a 15% power increase over the original <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">piston engines</a>, as well as enhanced reliability and safety. The retrofitted aircraft were designated CL-215T and also featured many <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">aerodynamic</a> and systems improvements including powered flight controls, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a> air conditioning, as well as upgraded electrical and avionics systems. The most notable external features of the CL-215T retrofit were the aerodynamic additions to the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing" title="Wing">wings</a> and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">empennage</a>.
</p><p>Based on the success of the CL-215, the company introduced the CL-415, a new-build production series beginning in 1993.
The CL-415 first flew on December 6, 1993, with the first deliveries in November <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_in_aviation" title="1994 in aviation">1994</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Orders from several countries soon followed.
</p><p>The CL-415 was assembled at the Bombardier Aerospace facility near <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Bay/Jack_Garland_Airport" title="North Bay/Jack Garland Airport">North Bay/Jack Garland Airport</a> in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay, Ontario</a>, and tested on <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nipissing" title="Lake Nipissing">Lake Nipissing</a>.
</p><p>On June 20, 2016, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Air" title="Viking Air">Viking Air</a> purchased the CL-415 <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_certificate" title="Type certificate">type certificate</a> from <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Aviation" title="Bombardier Aviation">Bombardier</a> along with the older CL-215 and CL-215T.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> The acquisition was finalised on 3 October.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2018, a full-flight CL-415 simulator, capable of simulating water scoop and bombing operations, received <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Aviation_Safety_Agency" title="European Aviation Safety Agency">European Aviation Safety Agency</a> (EASA) certification. Until now, training has typically involved live flying of the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Design">Design</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Splash-In_Pollensa_DSC08915_(17386148934).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Splash-In_Pollensa_DSC08915_%2817386148934%29.jpg/220px-Splash-In_Pollensa_DSC08915_%2817386148934%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3136" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Splash-In_Pollensa_DSC08915_(17386148934).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a> CL-415, showing its 4 underbelly doors opened.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bombardier-415_(cropped).JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bombardier-415_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Bombardier-415_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="1081" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bombardier-415_(cropped).JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Italian <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigili_del_Fuoco" title="Vigili del Fuoco">Vigili del Fuoco</a> refilling near <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alghero" title="Alghero">Alghero</a>, spilling excess water through underwing overflow ports</div></div></div>
<p>The CL-415 has an updated cockpit, aerodynamics enhancements and changes to the water-release system as well, creating a modern <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">firefighting</a> amphibious <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> for use in detecting and suppressing <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">forest fires</a>. Compared to the CL-215, the CL-415 has increased operating weight and speed, yielding improved productivity and performance. The 415 can scoop up to 6,140 l (1,350 imp gal; 1,620 US gal) of water from a nearby water source, mix it with a chemical foam if desired, and drop it on a fire without having to return to base to refill its tanks. The CL-415 was specifically developed to provide the capability to deliver large quantities of suppressant in quick response to fires. The aircraft is built for reliability and longevity, with use of corrosion-resistant materials. The new 415GR has higher operating weights, while the CL-415 multi-role is available for use in a paramilitary <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a> role and utility transport.
</p><p>The aircraft requires 1,340 m (4,400 ft) of flyable length to descend from 15 m (49 ft) altitude, scoop 6,137 l (1,350 imp gal; 1,621 US gal) of water during a twelve-second 410-metre-long (1,350 ft) run on the water at 70 <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (130 km/h; 81 mph), then climb back to 15 m (49 ft) altitude. The aircraft can also pick up partial loads in smaller areas and can turn while scooping, if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history">Operational history</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_operators_of_the_Bombardier_415.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/World_operators_of_the_Bombardier_415.png/220px-World_operators_of_the_Bombardier_415.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="628" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_operators_of_the_Bombardier_415.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>World operators of the CL-415</div></div></div>
<p>Derived from its predecessor's nickname, it acquired the name, "Super Scooper" in light of its greatly enhanced performance as a water bomber and fire suppresser. In recognition of its abilities, the aircraft was awarded the <i>Batefuegos de oro</i> (gold fire extinguisher) by the <i>Asociacion para la Promocion de Actividades Socioculturales</i>. The award citation in part read "This is the most efficient tool for the aerial combat of forest fires, key to the organization of firefighting in a large number of countries. The continuous improvements to meet the needs of forest firefighting have made these aircraft the aerial means most in demand over more than 30 years."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>Of the 95 built, seven have been removed from service due to accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h2>
<dl><dt>CL-415</dt>
<dd>The original model, 86 built.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>CL-415MP</dt>
<dd>Maritime patrol version, 3 built.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>CL-415GR</dt>
<dd>Improved version for the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Hellenic Air Force</a>, 6 built.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>CL-415EAF</dt>
<dd>Enhanced Aerial Firefighter<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></dd></dl>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canadair_CL-415_Filling.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Canadair_CL-415_Filling.jpg/220px-Canadair_CL-415_Filling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canadair_CL-415_Filling.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Croatian airforce CL-415 right before refilling in <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivogo%C5%A1%C4%87e" title="Živogošće">Živogošće</a></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek-Carmel_Fire04-12-2010-1_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Greek-Carmel_Fire04-12-2010-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Greek-Carmel_Fire04-12-2010-1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="405" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek-Carmel_Fire04-12-2010-1_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Two <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Hellenic Air Force</a> CL-415 refilling off the coast of <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlit" title="Atlit">Atlit</a> to fight the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Mount_Carmel_forest_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Mount Carmel forest fire">2010 Mount Carmel forest fire</a></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A9lican_32_G%C3%A9rard_JOYON_PROT_CANADAIR_2006.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P%C3%A9lican_32_G%C3%A9rard_JOYON_PROT_CANADAIR_2006.jpg/220px-P%C3%A9lican_32_G%C3%A9rard_JOYON_PROT_CANADAIR_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A9lican_32_G%C3%A9rard_JOYON_PROT_CANADAIR_2006.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>French <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_Civile" title="Sécurité Civile">Sécurité Civile</a> CL-415 dropping water</div></div></div>
<p>In 2016/2019, there were 164 in-service <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CL-215" class="mw-redirect" title="CL-215">CL-215</a> and CL-415s in 11 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>CL-215(T)/415 in service as of mid-2016
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Country
</th>
<th>Fleet<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>Operators
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>2019 figures, all others 2016. <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Spray" title="Air Spray">Air Spray</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Airways" title="Buffalo Airways">Buffalo Airways</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conair_Group" title="Conair Group">Conair Group</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Government of Newfoundland and Labrador">Government of Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Government_Services_(Quebec)#Service_aérien_gouvernemental" title="Ministry of Government Services (Quebec)">Service aérien gouvernemental</a> (Quebec), Longview Aviation Asset Management Corp., Longview Aviation Services Inc., <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Province of Manitoba</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Forestry" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry">Ministry of Natural Resources</a> (Ontario), <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_(Saskatchewan)" title="Ministry of Environment (Saskatchewan)">Ministry of Environment</a> (Saskatchewan)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Croatia</td>
<td>6</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatian Air Force</a>, 885th Firefighting Squadron
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>France</td>
<td>12</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_Civile" title="Sécurité Civile">Sécurité Civile</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>18</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Hellenic Air Force</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>19</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Protezione Civile</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>South Korea</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Malaysia</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Maritime_Enforcement_Agency" title="Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency">Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency</a> (firefighting)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Morocco</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>21</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Emergencies_Unit" title="Military Emergencies Unit">Unidad Militar de Emergencias</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Turkey</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>United States</td>
<td>4</td>
<td><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Fire_Department" title="Los Angeles County Fire Department">Los Angeles County FD</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a>, <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Undisclosed</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Total</th>
<th>164</th>
<th>
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span id="Specifications_.28CL-415.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Specifications_(CL-415)">Specifications (CL-415)</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> Viking<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size: 120%;"><b>General characteristics</b></span>
</p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 2</li>
<li><b>Capacity:</b> 6,137 l (1,350 imp gal; 1,621 US gal) (waterbombing), up to 18 paratroops, up to 2,903 kg (6,400 lb) of cargo</li>
<li><b>Length:</b> 20.4 m (66 ft 11 in)</li>
<li><b>Wingspan:</b> 28.38 m (93.11 ft)</li>
<li><b>Height:</b> 9.01 m (29.55 ft)</li>
<li><b>Wing area:</b> 100 m<sup>2</sup> (1,080 sq ft)</li>
<li><b>Aspect ratio:</b> 8.03</li>
<li><b>Empty weight:</b> 13,608 kg (30,000 lb)</li>
<li><b>Gross weight:</b> 21,319 kg (47,000 lb) Maximum After-scooping Weight</li>
<li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 19,890 kg (43,850 lb) Firefighting, Land</li>
<li><b>Fuel capacity:</b> 4,650 kg (10,250 lb)</li>
<li><b>Cabin volume:</b> 35.6 m<sup>3</sup> (1,260 cu ft)</li>
<li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PW100" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100">Pratt & Whitney Canada PW123AF</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a>, 1,775 kW (2,380 hp) each ISA+20ºC Flat rated</li>
<li><b>Propellers:</b> 4-bladed Hamilton Sunstrand 14SF-19, 3.97 m (13 ft 0 in) diameter Fully reversible, feathering blades</li></ul>
<p><span style="font-size: 120%;"><b>Performance</b></span>
</p>
<ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 359 km/h (223 mph, 194 kn) Max Cruise</li>
<li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 333 km/h (207 mph, 180 kn) Normal Cruise</li>
<li><b>Stall speed:</b> 126 km/h (78 mph, 68 kn) MLW, Landing Configuration</li>
<li><b>Ferry range:</b> 2,427 km (1,508 mi, 1,310 nmi) 278 km/h (150 kn) Long Range Cruise</li>
<li><b>Endurance:</b> 3 hours at 200 <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (370 km) from base</li>
<li><b>g limits:</b> +3.25 g to -1.0 g</li>
<li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 5.9 m/s (1,170 ft/min) (ISA, MTOW)</li>
<li><b>Wing loading:</b> 212.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (43.52 lb/sq ft) Maximum After-scooping</li>
<li><b>Takeoff (ISA):</b> 783 m (2,569 ft) (land), 814 m (2,671 ft) (water)</li>
<li><b>Landing (ISA):</b> 674 m (2,211 ft) (land), 665 m (2,182 ft) (water)</li></ul>
<p><span style="font-size: 120%;"><b>Avionics</b></span><br />
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a> <abbr title="Electronic Flight Instrumentation System">EFIS</abbr>, Primus II Nav/Comm Radio System, VOR, ILS, MKR, ADF, DME, AA-300 Radio Altimeter</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker_Hannifin" title="Parker Hannifin">Parker Gull</a> <abbr title="Integrated Instruments Display System">IIDS</abbr></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litton_Industries" title="Litton Industries">Litef</a> <abbr title="Attitude & Heading Reference System">AHRS</abbr></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins_Aerospace" title="Collins Aerospace">Collins</a> HF-230 HF Communications System</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobham_plc" title="Cobham plc">Global Wulfsberg</a> RT-5000 VHF/FM</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDO_Corporation" title="EDO Corporation">Dorne & Margolin</a> ELT</li>
<li>CIC / <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerosonic_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerosonic Corporation (page does not exist)">Aerosonic</a> Air Data Computing System</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px">
<ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold">
<li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li>
<li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/32px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/48px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/64px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<p>
<b>Related development</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">Canadair CL-215</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Air_CL-515" title="Viking Air CL-515">Viking Air CL-515</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_Be-12" title="Beriev Be-12">Beriev Be-12</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_Be-200" title="Beriev Be-200">Beriev Be-200</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin_SH-5" title="Harbin SH-5">Harbin PS-5</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShinMaywa_US-2" title="ShinMaywa US-2">ShinMaywa US-2</a></li></ul>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospace.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/products/amphibious-aircraft/bombardier--415?docID=0901260d80008fff#">"Bombardier 415."</a> <i>aerospace.bombardier.com</i>. Retrieved: April 13, 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/viking-air-to-buy-type-certificates-for-bombardier-426528/">"Viking Air to buy type certificates for Bombardier amphibians"</a>. Flight International. June 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Viking+Air+to+buy+type+certificates+for+Bombardier+amphibians&rft.date=2016-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fviking-air-to-buy-type-certificates-for-bombardier-426528%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r935243608">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bombardier.com/en/media/newsList/details.bca-201600620-bombardier-announces-a-definitive-agreement-for-th.bombardiercom.html">"Bombardier Announces a Definitive Agreement for the Sale of its Amphibious Aircraft Program to Viking Air Limited"</a> (Press release). Bombardier. June 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bombardier+Announces+a+Definitive+Agreement+for+the+Sale+of+its+Amphibious+Aircraft+Program+to+Viking+Air+Limited&rft.pub=Bombardier&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.bombardier.com%2Fen%2Fmedia%2FnewsList%2Fdetails.bca-201600620-bombardier-announces-a-definitive-agreement-for-th.bombardiercom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623125024/http://www.vikingair.com/viking-news/media-centre/viking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier">"Viking Air Limited Acquires Worldwide CL-415 Waterbomber Program from Bombardier"</a> (Press release). Viking Air. June 20, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vikingair.com/viking-news/media-centre/viking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier">the original</a> on June 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viking+Air+Limited+Acquires+Worldwide+CL-415+Waterbomber+Program+from+Bombardier&rft.pub=Viking+Air&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.vikingair.com%2Fviking-news%2Fmedia-centre%2Fviking-air-limited-acquires-worldwide-cl-415-waterbomber-program-bombardier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/viking-completes-acquisition-of-bombardiers-amphibi-430038/">"Viking completes acquisition of Bombardier's amphibious aircraft programme"</a>. <i>Flight Global</i>. 3 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flight+Global&rft.atitle=Viking+completes+acquisition+of+Bombardier%27s+amphibious+aircraft+programme&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fviking-completes-acquisition-of-bombardiers-amphibi-430038%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilaviation.training/pilot/tru-simulation-cl-145-ffs/">"TRU Simulation provides CL-415 FFS training"</a>. <i>Civil Aviation Training</i>. 12 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+Aviation+Training&rft.atitle=TRU+Simulation+provides+CL-415+FFS+training&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.civilaviation.training%2Fpilot%2Ftru-simulation-cl-145-ffs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bombardier.com/en/aerospace/products/amphibious-aircraft/firefighting-techniques-and-technologies?docID=0901260d80009039">"Firefighting Techniques and Technologies: Water scooping."</a> <i>bombardier.com</i>. Retrieved: April 13, 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newatlas.com/go/6930/">"Bombardier 415 SuperScooper Amphibious Aircraft."</a> <i>Newatlas.com</i>. Retrieved: June 11, 2017.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baaa-acro.com/Types%20d'avions/Canadair%20CL-415.htm">"Canadair CL-415."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071205033708/http://www.baaa-acro.com/Types%20d%27avions/Canadair%20CL-415.htm">Archived</a> December 5, 2007, at the <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>baaa-acro.com.</i> Retrieved: July 29, 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/aircraft/cl-415mp">"CL-415 MP Aircraft | Viking's Aerial Firefighter"</a>. <i>aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com&rft.atitle=CL-415+MP+Aircraft+%7C+Viking%27s+Aerial+Firefighter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Faerialfirefighter.vikingair.com%2Faircraft%2Fcl-415mp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lvas.ca/cl-415eaf-enhanced-aerial-firefighter">https://www.lvas.ca/cl-415eaf-enhanced-aerial-firefighter</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Amy Laboda (October 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-10-12/viking-air-preps-fire-season-updates-water-scooper-line">"Viking Air Preps for Fire Season, Updates Water Scooper Line"</a>. <i>AIN online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIN+online&rft.atitle=Viking+Air+Preps+for+Fire+Season%2C+Updates+Water+Scooper+Line&rft.date=2018-10-12&rft.au=Amy+Laboda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.ainonline.com%2Faviation-news%2Fbusiness-aviation%2F2018-10-12%2Fviking-air-preps-fire-season-updates-water-scooper-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/firefighting/service-aircraft">"In Service Aircraft"</a>. Viking.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Service+Aircraft&rft.pub=Viking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Faerialfirefighter.vikingair.com%2Ffirefighting%2Fservice-aircraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/16/mmea-uses-198000-litres-of-water-to-fight-forest-fire-in-miri/1781472">"MMEA uses 198,000 litres of water to fight forest fire in Miri"</a>. <i>Bernama</i>. The Malay Mail. 16 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=MMEA+uses+198%2C000+litres+of+water+to+fight+forest+fire+in+Miri&rft.date=2019-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2019%2F08%2F16%2Fmmea-uses-198000-litres-of-water-to-fight-forest-fire-in-miri%2F1781472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aerialfirefighter.vikingair.com/firefighting/specifications">"Firefighting > Specifications"</a>. Viking.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Firefighting+%3E+Specifications&rft.pub=Viking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Faerialfirefighter.vikingair.com%2Ffirefighting%2Fspecifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadair+CL-415" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047268">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style="">
<ul><li>Pickler, Ron and <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Milberry" title="Larry Milberry">Larry Milberry</a>. <i>Canadair: The First 50 Years.</i> Toronto: CANAV Books, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-921022-07-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-921022-07-7">0-921022-07-7</a>.</li>
<li>Keijsper, Gerard. "Water-Bombers Required!" <i><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Forces_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Forces Monthly">Air Forces Monthly</a></i>, London: Key Publishing, July 2008 Issue.</li>
<li>Marsaly, Frederic and Samuel Pretat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.editions-minimonde76.com/en/">"Bombardiers d'eau/ Canadair Scoopers."</a> <i>Editions Minimonde76,</i> May 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-95418-180-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-95418-180-6">978-2-95418-180-6</a>.</li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canadair_CL-415" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canadair CL-415"><span style="">Canadair CL-415</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=119">Airliners.net The Canadair CL-215 & 415</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060628053419/http://www.superscooper.com/">Bombardier's homepage of the SuperScooper</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bombardier_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Bombardier_aircraft" title="Template:Bombardier aircraft"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Bombardier_aircraft" title="Template talk:Bombardier aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Bombardier_aircraft&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bombardier_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Aerospace">Bombardier</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turboprop aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">Dash 8</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet" title="Learjet">Learjet</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_23" title="Learjet 23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_24" title="Learjet 24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_25" title="Learjet 25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_28/29" class="mw-redirect" title="Learjet 28/29">28/29</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_31" title="Learjet 31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35/36" class="mw-redirect" title="Learjet 35/36">35/36/C-21A</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_40" title="Learjet 40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_45" title="Learjet 45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_55" title="Learjet 55">55</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_60" title="Learjet 60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_70/75" title="Learjet 70/75">70/75</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_85" title="Learjet 85">85</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenger family</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_300" title="Bombardier Challenger 300">300/350</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">600/601/604/605/650</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_850" title="Bombardier Challenger 850">800/850</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global family</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express" title="Bombardier Global Express">Global Express-XRS/5000/5500/6000/6500</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_7500" title="Bombardier Global 7500">Global 7500/8000</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CRJ family</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ200" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier CRJ200">CRJ100/200/440</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ700_series" title="Bombardier CRJ700 series">CRJ700/900/1000</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airbus A220 (formerly CSeries)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A220" title="Airbus A220">CS100/300</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UAV">UAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CL-327_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier CL-327 Guardian">CL-327</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><i>See also</i>: <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair" title="Canadair">Canadair</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada" title="De Havilland Canada">de Havilland Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet" title="Learjet">Learjet</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Air" title="Viking Air">Viking Air</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadair_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Canadair_aircraft" title="Template:Canadair aircraft"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Canadair_aircraft" title="Template talk:Canadair aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Canadair_aircraft&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadair_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair" title="Canadair">Canadair</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sequence</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">CL-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_YC-125_Raider" title="Northrop YC-125 Raider">CL-3</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-4</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-5</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-7</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_YC-125_Raider" title="Northrop YC-125 Raider">CL-12</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_Sabre" title="Canadair Sabre">CL-13</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">CL-15</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_Glove" title="Velvet Glove">CL-20</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CP-107_Argus" title="Canadair CP-107 Argus">CL-28</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">CL-30</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">CL-32</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-35</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">CL-41</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">CL-42</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-44" title="Canadair CL-44">CL-44</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIM-24_Tartar" title="RIM-24 Tartar">CL-51</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">CL-52</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">CL-60</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CC-109_Cosmopolitan" title="Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan">CL-66</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Brant_(rocket)" title="Black Brant (rocket)">CL-83</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-84" title="Canadair CL-84">CL-84</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_880" title="Convair 880">CL-88</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-89" title="Canadair CL-89">CL-89</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">CL-90</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">CL-201</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Dart_Herald" title="Handley Page Dart Herald">CL-202</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">CL-206</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">CL-209</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">CL-215</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">CL-219</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">CL-226</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-227_Sentinel" title="Canadair CL-227 Sentinel">CL-227</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-89" title="Canadair CL-89">CL-289</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_415" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier 415">CL-415</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-600</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-601</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-604</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-605</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UAVs & missiles</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_Glove" title="Velvet Glove">CL-20</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIM-24_Tartar" title="RIM-24 Tartar">CL-51</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Brant_(rocket)" title="Black Brant (rocket)">CL-83</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-89" title="Canadair CL-89">CL-89</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-227_Sentinel" title="Canadair CL-227 Sentinel">CL-227</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-89" title="Canadair CL-89">CL-289</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piston-engined</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">CL-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_YC-125_Raider" title="Northrop YC-125 Raider">CL-3</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-4</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-5</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-7</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_YC-125_Raider" title="Northrop YC-125 Raider">CL-12</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">CL-15</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CP-107_Argus" title="Canadair CP-107 Argus">CL-28</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">CL-42</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_XT-36" title="Beechcraft XT-36">CL-60</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CC-109_Cosmopolitan" title="Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan">CL-66</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">CL-215</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turboprops</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">CL-32</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-35</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-44" title="Canadair CL-44">CL-44</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-84" title="Canadair CL-84">CL-84</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Dart_Herald" title="Handley Page Dart Herald">CL-202</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">CL-215T</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_415" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier 415">CL-415</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jets</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_Sabre" title="Canadair Sabre">CL-13</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">CL-30</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">CL-41</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">CL-52</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_880" title="Convair 880">CL-88</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">CL-90</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">CL-201</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">CL-206</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">CL-209</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">CL-219</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">CL-226</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-600</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-601</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-604</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-605</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ" title="Bombardier CRJ">CRJ</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CP-107_Argus" title="Canadair CP-107 Argus">Argus</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">Challenger</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CC-109_Cosmopolitan" title="Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan">Cosmopolitan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ" title="Bombardier CRJ">CRJ</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-84" title="Canadair CL-84">Dynavert</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">Freedom Fighter</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-89" title="Canadair CL-89">Midge</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">North Star</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_Sabre" title="Canadair Sabre">Sabre</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">Silver Star</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">Starfighter</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">Tutor</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_Glove" title="Velvet Glove">Velvet Glove</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">Waterbomber (215)</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Waterbomber (415)</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-44" title="Canadair CL-44">Yukon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CAF/CF Designations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">CF-104</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-44" title="Canadair CL-44">CC-106</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CP-107_Argus" title="Canadair CP-107 Argus">CP-107</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CC-109_Cosmopolitan" title="Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan">CC-109</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">CT-114</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-84" title="Canadair CL-84">CX-131</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">CT-133</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CC-144</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Aerospace">Bombardier Aerospace</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers" title="Canadian Vickers">Canadian Vickers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Certified/factory-built_aircraft_manufactured_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Aircraft_manufactured_in_Canada" title="Template:Aircraft manufactured in Canada"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Aircraft_manufactured_in_Canada" title="Template talk:Aircraft manufactured in Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Aircraft_manufactured_in_Canada&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Certified/factory-built_aircraft_manufactured_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Certified/factory-built aircraft manufactured in Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avian_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avian Industries (page does not exist)">Avian Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_2/180_Gyroplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Avian 2/180 Gyroplane">2/180 Gyroplane</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada" title="Avro Canada">Avro Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF-100_Canuck" title="Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck">CF-100 Canuck</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_C102_Jetliner" title="Avro Canada C102 Jetliner">C-102 Jetliner</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow" title="Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow">CF-105 Arrow</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar" title="Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar">VZ-9 Avrocar</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Flight">Bell Textron</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_212" title="Bell 212">212</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_214ST" title="Bell 214ST">214ST</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_222/230" title="Bell 222/230">230</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_407" title="Bell 407">407</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_412" title="Bell 412">412</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_427" title="Bell 427">427</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_429_GlobalRanger" title="Bell 429 GlobalRanger">429 GlobalRanger</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_505_Jet_Ranger_X" title="Bell 505 Jet Ranger X">505 Jet Ranger X</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_525_Relentless" title="Bell 525 Relentless">525 Relentless</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Aircraft_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing Aircraft of Canada">Boeing Aircraft of Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing-Canada_A-213_Totem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boeing-Canada A-213 Totem (page does not exist)">A-213 Totem</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Model_204" title="Boeing Model 204">C-204 Thunderbird</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackburn_Shark" title="Blackburn Shark">Blackburn Shark</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Consolidated PB2B Catalina</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Aerospace">Bombardier</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_300" title="Bombardier Challenger 300">Challenger 300</a>/<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">600</a>/<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_850" title="Bombardier Challenger 850">850</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ200" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier CRJ200">CRJ100/200/440</a>/<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ700_series" title="Bombardier CRJ700 series">700/900/1000</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A220" title="Airbus A220">CS100/300</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">Dash 8</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express" title="Bombardier Global Express">Global Express</a>/<a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_7500" title="Bombardier Global 7500">Global</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">Q400</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Aerospace" title="Bristol Aerospace">Bristol/McDonald Brothers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Anson Mk.V</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair" title="Canadair">Canadair</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_North_Star" title="Canadair North Star">CL-4 North Star</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CP-107_Argus" title="Canadair CP-107 Argus">CL-28 Argus</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor" title="Canadair CT-114 Tutor">CL-41 Tutor</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-44" title="Canadair CL-44">CL-44 Yukon</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-84" title="Canadair CL-84">CL-84 Dynavert</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">CL-215 Waterbomber</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_415" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier 415">CL-415 Super Scooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL-600 Challenger</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CC-109_Cosmopolitan" title="Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan">Cosmopolitan</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Consolidated Canso</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">Freedom Fighter</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_Sabre" title="Canadair Sabre">Sabre</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star" title="Canadair CT-133 Silver Star">Silver Star</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter" title="Canadair CF-104 Starfighter">Starfighter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Company" title="Canadian Aerodrome Company">Canadian Aerodrome Company</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Baddeck_No._1_and_No._2" title="Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2">Baddeck No. 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Baddeck_No._1_and_No._2" title="Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2">Baddeck No. 2</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbard_Monoplane" title="Hubbard Monoplane">Hubbard Monoplane</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aeroplanes" title="Canadian Aeroplanes">Canadian Aeroplanes/<br />Toronto Curtiss Aeroplanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_JN-4" title="Curtiss JN-4">Curtiss JN-4C Canuck</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">Avro 504</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_C-1_Canada" title="Curtiss C-1 Canada">Curtiss C-1 Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felixstowe_F5L" title="Felixstowe F5L">Felixstowe F5L</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Associated_Aircraft" title="Canadian Associated Aircraft">Canadian Associated Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden" title="Handley Page Hampden">Handley Page Hampden</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Car_%26_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Car & Foundry">Canadian Car & Foundry</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Anson Mk.V</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_T-34_Mentor" title="Beechcraft T-34 Mentor">Beechcraft Mentor</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnelli_CBY-3" title="Burnelli CBY-3">Burnelli CBY-3 Loadmaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Car_and_Foundry_Maple_Leaf_Trainer_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Car and Foundry Maple Leaf Trainer II">Maple Leaf Trainer II</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">Curtiss SBW Helldiver</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_FDB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregor FDB-1">Gregor FDB-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">Grumman Goblin/Delfín</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_T-6" class="mw-redirect" title="North American T-6">Harvard Mk.4</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane Mk.X, XI & XII</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers" title="Canadian Vickers">Canadian Vickers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Vancouver" title="Canadian Vickers Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Vanessa" title="Canadian Vickers Vanessa">Vanessa</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Varuna" title="Canadian Vickers Varuna">Varuna</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Vedette" title="Canadian Vickers Vedette">Vedette</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Velos" title="Canadian Vickers Velos">Velos</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Vigil" title="Canadian Vickers Vigil">Vigil</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Vickers_Vista" title="Canadian Vickers Vista">Vista</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_504N" class="mw-redirect" title="Avro 504N">Avro 504N</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_552" title="Avro 552">Avro 552</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellanca_CH-300_Pacemaker" title="Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker">Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Consolidated PBV-1 Canso</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_HS-3L" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss HS-3L">Curtiss HS-3L</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_FC-2" title="Fairchild FC-2">Fairchild FC-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokker_Super_Universal" title="Fokker Super Universal">Fokker Super Universal</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Delta" title="Northrop Delta">Northrop Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">Supermarine Stranraer</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_Viking_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Viking IV">Vickers Viking IV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cub_Aircraft" title="Cub Aircraft">Cub Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_J-2_Cub" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor J-2 Cub">Taylor J-2 Cub</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_J-3_Cub" title="Piper J-3 Cub">Piper J-3 Cub</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_J-4_Cub_Coupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper J-4 Cub Coupe">Piper J-4 Cub Coupe</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_J-5_Cub_Cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper J-5 Cub Cruiser">Piper J-5 Cub Cruiser</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada" title="De Havilland Canada">de Havilland Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-1_Chipmunk" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk">DHC-1 Chipmunk</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">DHC-2 Beaver</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">DHC-3 Otter</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">DHC-4 Caribou</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-5_Buffalo" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo">DHC-5 Buffalo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">DHC-6 Twin Otter</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_7" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 7">Dash 7</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">Dash 8</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">de Havilland DH.60 Gipsy Moth</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">de Havilland DH.82C Tiger Moth & Menasco Moth</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Fox_Moth" title="De Havilland Fox Moth">de Havilland DH.83C Fox Moth</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">Grumman CS2F Tracker</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Aircraft_Industries" title="Diamond Aircraft Industries">Diamond Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_DA20" title="Diamond DA20">DA20</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_DA40" title="Diamond DA40">DA40-180 Star</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_Aircraft_Ltd." title="Fairchild Aircraft Ltd.">Fairchild</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_82" title="Fairchild 82">34-42</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_45-80" title="Fairchild 45-80">45-80</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_F-11_Husky" title="Fairchild F-11 Husky">F-11 Husky</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_Super_71" title="Fairchild Super 71">Super 71</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_71" title="Fairchild 71">51</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_71" title="Fairchild 71">71</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19" title="Fairchild PT-19">Cornell</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_FC-2" title="Fairchild FC-2">FC-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Bolingbroke" title="Bristol Bolingbroke">Bristol Bolingbroke</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_HS" title="Curtiss HS">Curtiss HS</a>-2L</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">Curtiss SBF Helldiver</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Aircraft (page does not exist)">Federal Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Anson Mk.II</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Aircraft" title="Fleet Aircraft">Fleet</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Model_1" title="Fleet Model 1">1,2 & 5</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Model_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Model 21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Canuck" title="Fleet Canuck">Canuck</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Fawn" title="Fleet Fawn">Fawn</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Finch" title="Fleet Finch">Finch</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Fort" title="Fleet Fort">Fort</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_50" title="Fleet 50">Freighter</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19" title="Fairchild PT-19">Fairchild Cornell</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found_Aircraft" title="Found Aircraft">Found</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found_FBA-1" title="Found FBA-1">FBA-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found_FBA-2" title="Found FBA-2">FBA-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found_Centennial_100" title="Found Centennial 100">Centennial 100</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt-B%C3%B6lkow-Blohm" title="Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm">Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBB_Bo_105" title="MBB Bo 105">Bo 105</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" title="National Research Council (Canada)">National Research Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRC_tailless_glider" title="NRC tailless glider">tailless glider</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Steel_Car" title="National Steel Car">National Steel Car</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westland_Lysander" title="Westland Lysander">Westland Lysander</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noorduyn" title="Noorduyn">Noorduyn</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">Norseman</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Harvard">North American Harvard Mk.II</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Car_Company" title="Ottawa Car Company">Ottawa Car and Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Atlas" title="Armstrong Whitworth Atlas">Armstrong Whitworth Atlas</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Siskin" title="Armstrong Whitworth Siskin">Armstrong Whitworth Siskin</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Tutor" title="Avro Tutor">Avro Tutor</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Prefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Avro Prefect">Avro Prefect</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curtiss-Reid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtiss-Reid (page does not exist)">Reid/Curtiss-Reid</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Reid_Courier" title="Curtiss-Reid Courier">Courier</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Reid_Rambler" title="Curtiss-Reid Rambler">Rambler</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunders_Aircraft_Company" title="Saunders Aircraft Company">Saunders</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunders_ST-27" title="Saunders ST-27">ST-27</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunders_ST-27" title="Saunders ST-27">ST-28</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_Aircraft" title="Victory Aircraft">Victory Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster Mk.X</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lancastrian" title="Avro Lancastrian">Avro Lancastrian</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">Avro Lincoln Mk.XV</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">Avro York C.1 Special</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Air" title="Viking Air">Viking Air</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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5.73% 28.662 1 Template:Bombardier_aircraft
4.58% 22.942 5 Template:Cite_web
-->
</div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1579126022 |