Examine individual changes

'{{Multiple issues| {{More citations needed|date=October 2019}} {{Unreliable sources|date=October 2019}} }} {{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} '''Tondaimandalam''' or '''Thondainadu''' is one of the [[nadu]]<nowiki/>s of [[Sangam period|sangam era]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RQcLXd595kC&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Trade and Spacecraft in the ages of chola|author=Kenneth R Hall|publisher=Abhinav publications, 2003|page=88}}</ref> The region comprises the districts which formed a part of the traditional motherland of [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] kingdom. After the win of thondainadu by [[Chola dynasty|chozhas]], the region called as 'Jeyamkonda chozapuram'(the region winned by chozha).'Thondaimandala sadhakam ' a book authored by [[Padikasu Pulavar|padikasu pulavar]] in 17th century described about thondainadu region.the thondaimandalam further divided into 24 'kottam' and 79 'nadu'. ==Geography== The region includes the [[Nellore]], [[Chittoor]], [[North Arcot|North]] and [[South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)|South Arcot]] and [[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chingleput]] districts of the [[Andhra State|Andhra]] and [[Madras State|Madras]] states (now in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]). The Gateway of South India [[Chennai]] was part of the region.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RQcLXd595kC&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Trade and Spacecraft in the ages of chola|author=Kenneth R Hall|publisher=Abhinav publications, 2003|page=88}}</ref> It covers the present day, some parts of [[Nellore district|Nellore]] , [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]] districts of [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhrapradesh]] and [[Vellore district|Vellore]], [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]], [[Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]], [[Tiruvanamalai district|Tiruvanamalai]], [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]], [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]], [[Chennai district|Chennai]] districts of [[Tamil Nadu|Tamilnadu]]. ==History== Neolithic burial urn, cairn circles and jars with burials dating to the very dawn of the [[Christian era]] have been discovered near Mamallapuram.It then came under the rule of [[Cholas]] during first century CE with the capital of Tondai Nadu as [[Kanchipuram]]. The ''Proceedings of the First Annual Conference'' of South Indian History Congress also notes: The word ''Tondai'' means a creeper and the term ''Pallava'' conveys a similar meaning.<ref name="Proceedings">{{cite book |title=South Indian History Congress, Issue 1 |date=1980 |publisher=The Congress and The Madurai Kamaraj University Co-op Printing Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gpuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Tondai+means+a+creeper+and+Pallava+conveyed+a+similar+meaning%22&dq=%22Tondai+means+a+creeper+and+Pallava+conveyed+a+similar+meaning%22&source=bl&ots=s1KrNgqys-&sig=ypytm46JyaYTNVRwFfzdq97ROkw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k10WUJXUOILLrQfb-4G4Cw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA}}</ref> In the 3rd century CE, Tondai Nadu was ruled by [[Ilandiraiyan]], the first king with the title "[[Tondaiman]]", whom [[P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar]] identifies with a [[Pallava]] prince. Pallavas moved southwards, adopted local traditions to their own use, and named themselves as Tondaiyar after the land called Tondai.<ref name="Proceedings"/><ref name="Krishnaswami">{{cite book |author=A. Krishnaswami |title=Topics in South Indian history: from early times upto 1565 A.D. |pages=89–90 |publisher=Krishnaswami |year=1975 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vL4BAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>{{sps|date=July 2019}} The medieval Pallavas ruled Andhra and Northern [[Tamil Nadu]], from the 4th to the 9th centuries, with their seat of capital at ancient Kanchipuram. The ancient Tamil poem of [[Kalingattuparani]] mentions the conquest of Telengana by Kulotunga Cholan who handed the reigns of Tondamandalam to his illegitimate son Adondai.<ref>{{cite book |title=Madras Journal of Literature and Science, Volume 14 |publisher=Vepery mission Press |year=1847 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhoYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60&dq=Adondai&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIsce88fXgAhWXbX0KHRg-AyIQ6AEINzAC#v=onepage&q=Adondai&f=false}}</ref>{{reliable source?|date=July 2019}} It was captured by the second Chola monarch, Aditya (r. ca. 871-907). he defeated the armies of the Pallavas of Kanchipuram and claimed all of Tondai Nadu; the region north of the Kaveri basin around [[Palar]] river basin including present day Chittoor and Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, as Chola territory<ref>{{cite web |title=Restoring past glory |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/10/02/stories/1302126h.htm |publisher=The Hindu |date=2 October 2001}}</ref>. The region was then a part of [[Vijayanagara Empire]], first ruling from [[Hampi]] and then headquartered at [[Chandragiri]] in present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The Vijayanagar rulers who controlled the area, appointed chieftains known as [[Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] who ruled over the different regions of the province almost independently. During the British Rule, the whole region was a part of the [[Madras Presidency]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{Tamil Nadu}} [[Category:Pallava dynasty]] [[Category:Chola dynasty]] [[Category:Regions of Tamil Nadu]] [[Category:Natural regions]] {{India-stub}}'