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Ibrahim Degaweyne

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Ibrahim Dhagaweyne
Political partySomali National Movement (SNM)
Uurka Dimuqraadiyada iyo horumarinta isbedal doonka Somaliland (UDHIS)

Ibrahim Degaweyne (Somali: Ibraahim Cabdilaahi Xuseen (Dhagaweyne), Ibraahin C/laahi Xuseen Dhego Wayne) is a Colonel of Somali National Movement (SNM). He is said to have never lost a battle.[1]

Degaweyne confronted the Somaliland government over control of Berbera shortly after Somaliland regained independence.

Note that Degaweyne is a nickname and there are several famous people with the same nickname.

Biography

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Degaweyne is from the Sa'ad Musa branch of the Habr Awal clan.[2]

Somaliland Independence Movement

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Degaweyne joined Somali National Movement (SNM)) around 1982.[3] In 1984, Degaweyne was conducting SNM activities based in Sheikh. [4]

On the night of May 31, 1988, at 2:00 a.m., SNM troops, including Muse Bihi Abdi, Dagawain, Abdirahman Aw Ali Farrah and others entered Hargeisa city.[5][6]

Conflict with the Somaliland government

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On May 18, 1991, Somaliland regained its independence. Then, the political division "civilian wing" and the military division "Calan Cas (red flag)" within Somaliland confronted each other. Degaweyne was one of the leading commanders of Calan Cas.[7]

In April 1992, the armies of Habr Awal clan and Habr Je'lo clan fought in Berbera; Habr Awal's army, led by Degaweyne, expelled Habr Je'lo from Berbera. [8] President Tuur asked the Sa'ad Musa clan for reinforcements, but the Sa'ad Musa refused. President Tuur therefore dispatched his own Habar Yoonis. However, this was interpreted as an invasion of Berbera by the Habar Yoonis, rather than a restoration of security by the government.[9] Degaweyne temporarily withdrew from Berbera, but in August 1992, there was a conflict within the Habar Yoonis, and Degaweyne took the opportunity to occupy Berbera and then launched an invasion toward Hargeisa. This led to a deterioration of security in Hargeisa and other parts of Somaliland. This series of battles was one of the major causes for the resignation of President Tuur. Thereafter, the conflict between Habr Awal and the government over control of Berbera continued.[9]

ASAD Party

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In May 1993, the Grand Conference of National Reconciliation took place, Somaliland became a peaceful regime, and politics became electoral. The first elections were held in 2002 (2002 Somaliland municipal elections). This made it necessary for groups in Somaliland to form political parties. In September 2001, Suleiman Mohamoud Adan formed a political group called Alliance for Salvation and Democracy (ASAD); Calan Cas, to which Degaweyne belongs, supported ASAD. However, ASAD was defeated in the 2002 elections[1]

UDHIS Party

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In February 2009, a political party called Uurka Dimuqraadiyada iyo horumarinta isbedal doonka Somaliland (The birth of democracy and the development of change in Somaliland, UDHIS) Degaweyne also joined the party as an executive member.[10] However, according to the law, there can be no more than three political parties in Somaliland, and at this time Kulmiye, UDUB, and UCID were chosen; UDHIS was not among the three, and UDHIS announced its opinion that this system was inappropriate.[11]

In November 2011, there was a move to unify UCID and UDHIS. However, this did not happen. [12] On December 29, 2011, 15 parties applied for registration and UDHIS was one of them.[13] However, in April 2012, the Somaliland Political Party Recognition Committee announced that only six groups would be recognized and that nine groups, including UDHIS, did not meet the party requirements. The reason given was that UDHIS has no base in Sanaag and Sool and has less than 1,000 supporters in Togdheer and Sanaag.[14] Degaweyne protested this decision.[15]

In May 2012, Degaweyne again expressed criticism of the government's policy.[16]

In September 2012, UDHIS announced its merger with NASIYE.[17]

Thereafter

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In May 2013, Degaweyne announced that Somaliland is an inalienable territory at a celebration of Somaliland's independence.[18]

In October 2013, Degaweyne criticized the Somaliland government's treatment of Berbera.[19]

In December 2013, Degaweyne expressed support for the UCID party, which criticizes the current government.[20]

In 2016, Degaweyne was honored by the chief of Sa'ad Musa along with Ahmed Mire Mahamed and Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi.[21]

In July 2019, Degaweyn criticized the Somaliland government for initiating negotiations with Somalia despite Somalia's failure to recognize the atrocities committed against Somaliland in 1988.[22]

In 2019 Degaweyne visited Burao with Hassan Guure and others to resolve the clan conflict.[23]

In February 2020, Degaweyne expressed strong opposition when it was announced that the Somalia president was planning to visit Somaliland.[24]

In October 2020, Degaweyne visited the presidential palace for the first time since Somaliland gained independence in 1991.[25]

References

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  1. ^ a b Dominik Balthasar. STATE-MAKING IN SOMALIA AND SOMALILAND (PDF) (Thesis). Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  2. ^ Höhne, Markus (2011-07-15). "Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia". Researchgate: 351. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  3. ^ "The Rebirth Of Somaliland (5): The Formation Of The SNM And Liberation Struggle". Horn Diplomat. 2018-02-22. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  4. ^ "The Rebirth of Somaliland (6): The SNM Liberation Struggle And Tactical Operations". Horn Diplomat. 2018-02-23. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  5. ^ "Waxa La Yaab Leh In Dowladdu Maanta Ay SNM Kaga Mudan Yihiin Kaadiriintii NSS-tu" [It is surprising that the government today prefers NSS cadres over SNM]. Geeska net. 2014-11-22. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  6. ^ "Afar arrimood oo lagu xusuusto Dowladdii Kacaankii Siyaad Bare" [Four things to remember about the revolutionary government of Siad Bare]. BBC. 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  7. ^ Balthasar, Dominik (2013). "Somaliland's best kept secret: Shrewd politics and war projects as means of state-making". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 7 (2): 218–238. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.777217. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  8. ^ "Taariikhdii Somaliland 1992-1996 Qore Mukhtar Cilmi Qaybta 1aad" [History of Somaliland 1992-1996 Author Mukhtar Ilmi Part 1]. Hadhwanaag News. 2021-03-15. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  9. ^ a b interpeace (2008). "Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  10. ^ "Urur Siyaasadeed Cusub Oo La Magac Baxay UDHIS Oo Hargaysa Lagaga Dhawaaqay" [A new political organization called UDHIS has been announced]. Haatuf News. 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  11. ^ "Somaliland : Multiparty Political System is Virtue of Democracy and Constitutional Right". Hiiraan online. 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  12. ^ "Wada Hadalada Hindisihii Xasan Ciise Ee UCID Iyo UDHIS Oo Maanta Bilaabmaya Iyo Aragtiyaha Bulshadu Ka Bixisay Midowgooda" [Discussions of the Hassan Ise initiative between UCID and UDHIS starting today and the views of the community on their union]. Geeska net. 2011-11-26. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  13. ^ THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND (2011). "THE REGULATION OF POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS AND PARTIES LAW (AS AMENDED IN 2011)" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  14. ^ "Somaliland: Case against Parties Registration Committee Commences". Somaliland Sun. 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  15. ^ "Natiijada Guddiga Diiwaangelinta, Dabaal-degga ururada foosay iyo weedhaha kuwa hadhay" [The result of the Registration Committee, the celebration of the unions and the statements of the remaining ones]. Geeska net. 2012-04-21. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  16. ^ "Kulan Dhex Maray Wasiir Xirsi Iyo Ibrahim-Dhegaweyne" [A meeting between Minister Hirsi and Ibrahim-Dhegaweyne]. Geeska net. 2012-05-12. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  17. ^ "Urur Siyaasadeedka UDHIS Ee Hadhay Oo Heshiis Kula Midoobay Ururka NASIYE" [The remaining UDHIS political organization has reached an agreement with the NASIYE organization]. Araweelo News Network. 2012-09-02. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  18. ^ ""Ninka Madaxbanaanida S/land Ee Ku Timid Dhiiga, In Ciyaar Lagu Keenay Moodayaa Waa Nimaan Habeena Jirin, In Wada Hadal Laga Galaana Waa Xaaraan, Maxaa Yeelay Aan Wada Hadalno Waa Aan Heshiino"" ["The man of the independence of S/land who came in blood, it is thought that they were brought to a game, they are men and we do not exist at night, it is forbidden to talk about it, what made us talk to each other, we have to agree"]. Haatuf News. 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  19. ^ "Mujaahidka Weyn Ee Ibraahim Dhagaweyne Oo Sheegay In Aysan Berberi Noqon Meel Dadka Laga Caayo Si Diiranna U Soo Dhaweeyey Jamaal Cali Xuseen" [The great Mujahid Ibrahim Dhagaweyne who said that Berber should not be a place where people are insulted and warmly welcomed Jamal Ali Hussein.]. Xogreeb News. 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  20. ^ "Ibrahim-Dhegaweyne Oo Luuqad Adag Kula Hadlay Xukuumadda Madaxweyne Siilaanyo, Shacabkana Ugu Baaqay Xoojinta Mudaharaadka UCID Ee Maanta" [Ibrahim-Dhegaweyne spoke in strong language to the government of President Silanyo and called on the people to strengthen the UCID protest today.]. Geeska net. 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  21. ^ "Suldaanka Guud ee Sacad Muuse Oo Afur iyo Casho Ku Maamuusey Waxgaradka Beelaha Habar-yoonis iyo Habar Awal iyo Sadexda Mujaahid Ee Mire,Dhagaweyne Iyo Jidhif" [Sultan General Saad Musa Honored Iftar and Dinner to the Scholars of Habar-Yonis and Habar Awal and the Three Veterans of Mire, Dhagaweyne and Jidhif]. Maanta Somaliland. 2016-06-12. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  22. ^ "Colonel Dhagaweyne blamed ex-president Silanyo of committing an act of treason after initiating talks with Somalia". Somaliland Standard. 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  23. ^ "Somaliland: Hassan Guure 's Obituary". Somaliland Standard. 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  24. ^ "Somaliland former rebels reject Farmajo's visit to Hargeisa". Somaliland Dispatch. 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  25. ^ "Siyaasi Ibraahim Dhagaweyne Oo Madaxtooyada Somaliland Ka Soo Muuqday" [Politician Ibrahim Dhagaweyne Appeared in the Presidency of Somaliland]. Hadhwanaag News. 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
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